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このページは、RepRapコミュニティによって用いられる用語や略語のリストです。
ABS
アクリロニトリル ブタジエン スチレン (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) は、3Dプリンターの材料として用いられています。 ABSによって構成されているフィラメントのことを、単に"ABS"と呼ぶこともしばしばあります。-> あなたのMedelにはABSを使っていますか?
ABSとして販売されているフィラメントには、他の熱可塑性樹脂と混ぜられており、通常のABSとはその特性が異なるものがあるため、注意が必要です。 ABSの融点は、通常 220-230℃ です。ただし、メーカーによっては他の熱可塑性樹脂を混合している場合があり、融点が異なる可能性があります。 ABSはアセトンに溶ける樹脂です。これをうまく使うことで、プリント物の表面のスムージングを行うことができます。
ベッド
オブジェクトが実際にプリントされる、3Dプリンターのビルドプレートのことを指しています。通常、アルミニウムやガラスが材料として用いられます。
ベルト
歯のついたギアベルトです。通常は伸びにくくするために、ファイバーによって補強がなされています。(例: GT2) プーリーと共に、モーターからマシンの他の部品へ力を伝達するのに使われます。
バイオポリマー
Biopolymer has different meanings and is classified by Enders. Biopolymer can be made out of renewable, natural sources or petrol based, Biopolymer can be the polymers out of natural monomers (ex. PLA, bioFila) or Biopolymer can standard polymers but out of a natural source (ex. Polyamid. out or natural oils).
BOM
Bill of materials の略で、部品のリストを表します。例として、Mendel全体のBOMや、それぞれの部品のBOMなどが存在します。
"Book of Materials" の略であるとする場合もあります。
CAD/CAM
Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing. The use of 3D modelling software to aid the design testing and manufacture of parts.
CAE
Computer Aided Engineering の略。
CNC
コンピューター数値制御 (Computer Numerical Control)
キャリッジ
エクストルーダーを支え、RepRapのX軸を移動するアセンブリのことを指します。しばしば X-キャリッジ と表されます。
触媒
触媒は、化学反応の速度を上げる物質のことを指します。 A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed itself in the reaction. A substance that alters (usually increases) the rate at which a reaction occurs.
Copolymers
Copolymers are additives that are included in the polymer blends with the intention to add certain properties to the main polymer.
All polymers have principal properties that are desired, but bring others that are not. A good example is Styrene, which is clear, has great accuracy when molded into a shape but is very brittle and ages poorly in sunlight. In certain commercial varnishes Butadyene can be added to give it some flexibility and UV protectors to make it more durable. The difference between copolymers and fillers is that the first ones participate in the chemical chain reaction and are bonded to the main monomer.
カーリング
See: Hardening.
DDM
Direct Digital Manufacturing
DLP
Digital Light Processing is a display device based on optical micro-electro-mechanical technology that uses a digital micromirror device. This technology is used in DLP front projectors, but also used in additive manufacturing as a power source in some printers to cure resins into solid 3D objects.
DMD
Direct Metal Deposition
DMLS
Direct Metal Laser Sintering
Endstop
RepRap's Cartesian axes all need a datum (also known as home position or end-stop) to reference their movements. At the start of each build each axis needs to back up until the datum point is reached. The switches also help protect the machine from moving past its intended range and damaging itself.
EVA
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate. Several early RepRap research experiments used off-the-shelf EVA glue sticks in hot-glue guns. Those glue sticks are mostly EVA which melts around 85°C.
エクストルード
The act of placing the build material on the build platform, normally by heating thermoplastic to a liquid state and pushing it through a small nozzle commonly referred to as a "hot end".
Extruder
A group of parts which handles feeding and extruding of the build material. Consists of two assemblies: a cold end to pull and feed the thermoplastic from the spool, and a hot end that melts and extrudes the thermoplastic.
Filler
Fillers are solid materials that are added to polymers (or cements) and that do not interact chemically with it. They remain inert but do add special desired mechanical features to the compound. These can range from density alteration (make the compound heavier or lighter) additional strength (fibers...), resistance to abrasion and improved thermal properties (sands...) or simply thinning the compound to reduce material cost (talc).
FDM
熱溶解積層法 (Fused Deposition Modeling) の略。"Fused deposition modeling" という用語と、その略である "FDM" は 株式会社ストラタシス の商標です。同じ意味で使われている用語である fused filament fabrication (FFF) は、法律的に自由に使うことのできるよう、RepRap プロジェクトのメンバーにより造られた造語です。
FFF
Fused Filament Fabrication の略。Where a filament of one material (plastic, wax, metal, etc.) is deposited on top of or alongside the same (or similar) material making a joint (by heat or adhesion).
フィラメント
Two uses:
- Plastic material made into (often 3 mm or 1.75mm) string to be used as raw material in 3D printers.
- Extruded plastic (often < 1 mm).
Frog
Also known as the squashed frog, this is a part that the printing plate connects to. The frog connects directly to the linear bearings on the Y axis. The name comes from the original Sells Mendel part that looked like a "squashed frog".
Gコード
The information sent over the wire from a PC to most computer numerical control (CNC) machines -- including most RepRaps -- is in G-code. While in principle a human could directly type G-code commands to a RepRap, most people prefer to use one of the many CAM Toolchains that reads a STL file and sends lines of G-code over the wire to the machine. The electronics in the machine then translate these commands into motor controller operations, among other things.
Some researchers are developing alternatives to G-code.
硬化
モデルが最終的な形へと固まるプロセスのことを硬化と呼びます。
ヒートベッド
出力されたオブジェクトの下面が、必要以上に早く冷やされてしまったり、それによって収縮してしまうことを防ぐために温められるビルドプラットフォームのことを指します。Such shrinking leads to warping internal stresses in RP parts. The most common result is corners of parts lifting off the build surface. Heated beds usually yield higher quality finishing on the builds. They commonly consist of glass, ceramics, or metals like aluminum.
Heated Build Chamber
A heated build chamber is typically sealed and heated to prevent warping during the printing process.
HIPS
High Impact Polystyrene, a thermoplastic used as a 3D printing material. Similar to ABS in material properties and can be dissolved using limonene. Therefore the has to stay 24h in a limonene bath. HIPS is also BPA-free and less inflexible than either ABS or PLA. Melting point is 235°C and the heating plate should have 105-120°C.
ホットエンド
The heated nozzle portion of the extruder mechanism, which gets hot enough to melt plastic (or potentially other materials). Hot end parts use materials that withstand temperatures up to ~240 °C (and higher for newer all-metal designs). The diameter of available nozzle orifices ranges from about 0.15mm to 1.0mm, with sizes in the range 0.3mm-0.5mm currently being the most common.
カプトンテープ
耐熱ポリイミド粘着テープです。Used to secure the heating element to the extruder barrel. It can also be used on the surface of a heated bed. It is compatible with a temperature range of about 269 C.
モノマー
A molecule that, under the correct conditions, can link together with others to form larger molecules called polymers. A monomer must be capable of forming two or more bonds to other monomers.
NEMA
アメリカ電機工業会 (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) の略。ステッピングモーターの大きさを表すために使われることの多い単語です。
- NEMA 14 - Huxley やその他のプリンターに使われている、小さめのステッピングモーターです。
- NEMA 17 - MendelやPrusa i3、その他たくさんのプリンターに使われている、大きく、よりパワフルなステッピングモーターです。
- NEMA 23 - さらに大きく、もっとパワフルなステッピングモーターです。
ニクロム
ニッケルとクロムの合金です。Nichrome wire is used as a heating element in many extruder barrels and some heated bed designs. Simpler and less messy enamel resistors are often used for the same purpose.
ナイロン
Nylon or polyamide is an engineering grade thermal plastic used in extruder based and laser sintering systems. There are different versions providing a range mechanical properties in either filament or powder form. These include nylon-6,6; nylon-6; nylon-6,9; nylon-6,10; nylon-6,12; nylon-11; nylon-12 and nylon-4,6.
OBJ
オブジェクトファイルの略で、STL ファイルフォーマットの代替フォーマットです。
Oligomer
Oligomers are big molecules composed of monomer bricks, joined together in more or less branched fashion, so as to provide polymerization seeds for the final polymer. A free analogy would be that monomers are to oligomers what a water molecule is to a snowflake. In commercial resins, oligomers are mixed with their monomer components so as to achieve a polymer of desired properties, due to their ability to spatially organize the polymerization process.
パラメトリック (Parametric)
全ての方向に調整可能な状態であることを表す形容詞です。パラメトリックモデルとは、ユーザーのニーズに合わせてサイズを変更できたり、変形させたりすることができるモデルのことを呼びます。
CADソフトウェアでの例をとってみましょう。あるパラメトリックな部品の一部分に 1cm の穴が開けられていたとします。この穴を選択し数クリックだけ操作することで、このモデルの穴は 5mm のものへと変更することができます。三角メッシュ (#STL 参照) のモデルに対してこのような変更を行うには、より難しい操作が要求されます。
便利なソフトウェアパッケージ のうちのいくつかのネイティブフォーマットでは、パラメトリックモデルを保存することができます。
ポリカーボネート
Polycarbonate is a thermoplastic, it's strong and impact resistant (It's used in the making of bullet proof glass and compact discs) temperature resistant and it can be extruded (at the right temperature). It can be bent and formed while cold without cracking or deform and it is also very optically 'crystal' clear to visible light (opaque to UV light), but it's actually not very easy to keep it clear during extrusion.
PEEK
Polyether Ether Ketone. A high temperature thermoplastic used as a thermal barrier in the extruder.
PET
ポリエチレンテレフタレン (Polyethylene Terephthalate) は、通常 PET や PETE、PETP と略されます。3Dプリンターの材料として使われる高分子です。
PLA
ポリ乳酸 (Polylactic Acid) の略。生分解性の 熱可塑性樹脂 で、3Dプリンターの材料として使われています。多くの場合、材料として使いやすくするため、他の樹脂と混合されて販売されています。 融点は 150-160℃。材料の特性はメーカーの作り方次第で異なります。It has been described as having a slightly sweet scent when melted or printing.
Often PLA is used as a short form, actually referring to filament made of PLA: I use PLA in my Mendel.
Photopolymer
Photopolymers are used in light reaction systems either with ultraviolet or visible energy. The liquid material is cross-linked or hardened when exposed to light. Photopolymers are used in both Digital Light Processing(DLP) and Stereolithography(SLA) systems.
PVA
Polyvinyl Alcohol is water soluble filament used as 3D printing material for support. It is generally used as one of the filaments in dual extrusion 3D printers. PVA is water soluble whereas ABS and PLA are non water soluble. So, the object printed using both PVA and PLA/ABS can be dipped in water for the support material to dissolve. Melting range for PVA is 200-230°C depending form the polymerization level.The PVA filament must be stored with a drying agent, since it will absorb moisture out of the air very easily. Also, PVA decomposes rapidly above 200°C as it can undergo pyrolysis at high temperatures, which may block your nozzle leading to extrusion difficulties. PVA is fully degradable and is a quick dissolver. To speed up dissolving, gentle stirring can be applied. Warm water also speeds up the dissolving process.
PTFE
Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). A slippery thermoplastic often used as a barrel in the extruder to minimize friction with the filament.
Raft
A technique used to prevent warping. Parts are built on top of a 'raft' of disposable material instead of directly on the build surface. The raft is larger than the part and so has more adhesion. Rarely used with heated build surfaces. For the small area models, it is very useful to prevent warping via adding a raft for the model before slicing it. It can also help with with precision parts by removing the slight first few layer distortion caused by the heated bed.
RAMPS
RepRap Arduino Mega Pololu Shield の略。"公式" 電子部品で有名なもののうちの1つです。
RepRap
A RepRap machine is a rapid prototyping machine that can manufacture a significant fraction of its own parts. The RepRap project is a quest to make a desktop-sized RepRap machine.
- To reprap
- v. To make something in a RepRap machine.
- Reprappable
- adj. Capable of being made in a RepRap machine.
See also: About
RepStrap
A 3D printing machine which can be used to make a RepRap, but is not a RepRap itself, as it wasn't made by something like itself. These are becoming less common as Mendel printed plastic parts become more available, but are still very popular. They're often sold in kit form or custom-made from scrounged parts.
See also: What Tooling Do You Have
RP
高速プロトタイピング (Rapid prototyping) Creating an object in a matter of hours on a "3D printer" as opposed to sending out a job to a modeling shop which may take days or weeks. Also known as additive manufacturing.
Setting
See: Hardening.
SLA
Stereo Lithography Apparatus の略。SLA は株式会社3Dシステムズの登録商標です。SL or stereolithography is commonly used in place of SLA.
SLS
Selective Laser Sintering の略。SLS は株式会社3Dシステムズの登録商標です。LS or laser sintering is commonly used in place of SLS.
Spectra
#超高分子量ポリエチレン を参照。
Stepper motor
Motors which operate only in discrete increments of rotation. This is the type of motor most commonly used in Mendel, the earlier Darwin, and Repstraps.
STL
Short for Stereo Lithographic, which is a recommended file format used to describe 3D objects. A design program (e.g. AoI) can produce an STL file which can then be fed to a 3D printer or 3D rendering graphics package.
Possible alternatives to STL are discussed at a community specification for an improvement to STL files.
Support Material
Printed material that acts as support to allow overhangs, arches, etc. to be printed. Can either be a secondary material (PVA, HIPS) (requires dual extrusion) that can be removed, or the primary material that is broken away at the end of the print.
Squashed frog
See: Frog.
厚板 (Thick Sheet)
ビルトプラットフォームとして使われる、硬く、平らな 4-6mm 厚の板です。多くの材質の板が使われてきていますが、完全に平らであることが最も重要です。
超高分子量ポリエチレン (UHMWPE)
いくつかのRepRapやRepStrapでは、歯のついたベルトの安価な代替部品として、釣り糸を使っています。 紡がれて製造された UHMWPE 繊維の釣り糸は、射出成型にて製造された単繊維の釣り糸よりも、伸びにくく、摩耗に強いという特性から、駆動部品のような用途には優れています。
Dyneema と Spectra は、このような製造方法で作られた超高分子量ポリエチレン繊維 (UHMWPE) の商標です。
粘度
粘度とは、流れにくさを決める、それぞれの液体がもっている特性のことです。粘度が高ければ高いほど、押し出すのに必要とされるエネルギーや圧力が大きくなり、材料を出力するのが難しくなります。Also, the higher the viscosity, the less the deposited thread of material will sag or change shape until hardening.
詳細な定義については、Wikipedia の 粘度 をご参照ください。
ビタミン
複製されていない部品のことを指します。
RepRap jargon では、RepRapを組み立てていく上で必要で、かつ現時点ではプリントすることのできない全ての部品のことを "ビタミン" としています。例としては、ボルトやモーター、ベッドなどです。
Wade's エクストルーダー
数多く存在する、エクストルーダーのコールドエンドのデザインのうちの一つです。これはAdrian's ギアードエクストルーダー を基に設計されており、Nophead's Extruder Tweaks から多くのコンセプトを用いています。