RAMPS 1.4/zh tw

摘要

相較於1.3版，RAMPS 1.4將前代的電阻電容元件更換為SMD，以適用更多被動元件。雖然這會使組裝時增加一些步驟，但我們使用的零件屬貼片零件中較大的一類，所以還是一樣容易組裝。

• 
• 
• 
• 

安全提示

就算你接上的電源是僅有12V的電源，但還是請預先做好基本保護措施，以避免火災發生。 檢查工作室內備有煙霧探測器，沒有嗎？快去買個先！

組裝

準備工具： 烙鐵，焊錫，鑷子 吸錫線、吸錫器、助焊劑

亦可使用： 焊膏搭配電熱板或電熱爐

焊接RAMPS擴展板

焊接RAMPS 1.4包括貼片焊接和通孔焊接兩部分。

焊接貼片元件有幾種方法。板上所有的SMT元件都有兩個焊盤，所以把元件兩個引腳依次焊上很容易。先在一個焊盤上抹點焊錫,有助焊劑的話，就在附錫的焊盤上抹點兒。對準引腳與焊盤，用鑷子固定住元件，加熱焊錫使之粘附（保證加熱均勻，以防造成冷焊），然後再焊另一個引腳。也可以使用錫爐迴焊法(HotplateReflowTechnique)。

先焊接貼片元件，然後是板上的PTH，最後焊接板下面的引腳頭。

C2 - 100nF電容

放置時不區分方向。

LED1 - 綠色LED

將SMT LED上的綠線或綠點端靠向電路板邊緣與+號反向，焊上它。

LED2, LED3, LED4 - 紅色LED

Place these with the end having green dots away from the + mark on the PCB.

R13, R14, R15 - 10 Ohm電阻

放置時不區分方向。

R12 - 1K電阻

放置時不區分方向。

R23, R24, R25 - 1.8K電阻

These are marked 1K on the PCB, but we are using larger ones to accommodate higher voltages. These can be placed in any orientation.

R1, R7, R11, R21, R22 - 4.7K電阻

放置時不區分方向。

R16, R17, R18, R19, R20 - 10K電阻

放置時不區分方向。

R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, R9, R10 - 100K電阻

放置時不區分方向。

C1, C5, C8 - 10uF電容

These must be placed in the proper orientation. The board has the foot print of the components printed on it. The rounded corners on the base of the capacitor must line up with the white print on the PCB.

C3, C4, C6, C7, C9, C10 - 100uF電容

These must be placed in the proper orientation. The board has the foot print of the components printed on it. The rounded corners on the base of the capacitor must line up with the white print on the PCB.

回流焊

If you are doing oven or hot plate method, now is the time apply heat (add links here). If you used a solder iron, you have probably already soldered all these components.

Make sure to inspect the SMT soldering at this point since it will be harder to rework after the headers are on top.

Top pins

Solder 1 1x6, 6 1x4, and 7 2x3 pin headers on top of the board. The long post should be standing up to take a connector. Solder one leg on each one to tack them into place. Then re-heat the joint and push on the component until it is perfectly situated. Then you'll want to solder the rest of the leads. You will get burnt if you touch the other side of the pin you are soldering.

If you want to use the extra pin outputs, now is the time to solder on the rest of the headers.

驅動板插座

Place the female headers for the stepper drivers on top of the board. You can use the 1x8 and 1x6 pin headers to jig them straight. Turn the board over and solder these pins.

D1, D2 - 二極管

Where to find the D1 and D2 diodes

These must be placed in the proper orientation. The band on the diode must be turned the same way as the mark on the board.

Definitely solder D2 in. D2, F1, and F2 are shown installed here.

D1 should only be installed if the 5A rail is powered by 12V. It can be omitted and the Arduino will be powered from USB. You will want D1 installed if you add components to print without a PC. To reiterate, D1 MUST be omitted if you are powering the 5A rail by more than 12V, or the power is not absolutely clean, otherwise you may damage your ramps.

F1 - MFR500 保險絲

This is the smaller yellow fuse. This can be placed in any orientation. When soldering the fuses it is best to use a piece of 3mm filament or something similar to keep the ceramic coating on the pins from blocking proper solder along the through hole.

Since the fuses are the tallest parts, it is simpler and more convenient to solder them last. From this point on, solder the rest of the RAMPS in order of bottom pins, reset switch, terminals, mosfets and then fuses.

F2 - MFR1100 保險絲

This is the larger yellow fuse. This can be placed in any orientation.

Q1, Q2, Q3 - MOSFET場效電晶體

These must be orientated as in the picture. The tall heat sink part of the mosfet needs to be turned the same as the mark on the board.

Mosfet Terminal

Standard RAMPS 1.4 D8-10 Terminal Block

Alternative Plug/Jack Connectors

This must be oriented where the wire holes are turned towards the edge of the board. Solder a pin on each end and make sure the component is flat on the board and solder the middle pins.

Power Terminal

This can only be oriented in one direction.

Bottom pins

Place these on the bottom of the board with the long post out to plug into the Arduino MEGA. You can plug them into the MEGA to hold them in place while you solder. Do not overheat the pins while in Arduino or you may damage it's connectors.

復位開關

This can only be oriented in one direction.

檢查

Inspect your work. Clean any solder bridges and suspect solders.

步進電機驅動板

1. • Jumpers need to be installed under each stepper driver:

 jumper   Yes/No  step size
 1     2    3
 no   no    no    full step
 yes  no    no    half step
 no   yes   no    1/4 step
 yes  yes   no    1/8 step
 yes  yes   yes   1/16 step

For now the default is 1/16 micro stepping (all jumpers installed under drivers)

1. Cut the pin headers to 8 pins long so that they fit each side of the stepper driver.
2. Insert the pin headers into the sockets on RAMPS
3. Fit the stepper drivers onto the pin headers and solder. Only heat each pin for a few seconds at time to avoid damage to the socket.
   • Glue the heatsink (if used) to the top of the A4988/A4983 chip using the provided pad of double-sided adhesive.

光電限位開關

Opto board 2.1 build instructions can be found here on the reprap opto page, and also here for reprapsource.com's instructions.

1. • Cut the 26awg 3 conductor cable into 3 length.
     
   • Note: you may want until you've built your machine to cut the cables to the perfect length.
     
   1. • crimp and solder a female connector to the ends of each wire. (solder not necessary with proper crimp tools)
   • use the 2.54mm 1x3 housing.
   • Connect at least the minimum endstops.

RAMPS End
SIG (S)	White
GND (-)	Black
VCC (+)	Red

Endstop End
VCC (+)	Red
SIG (S)	White
GND (-)	Black

機械限位開關

The recommended firmware will provide a configuration to use mechanical endstops with just two wires.

Find the area labelled "endstops" in the upper right corner of the board and for each of the X, Y, and Z pairs of pins (label should be below each set) do the following:

1. Connect S (top row, labelled to the left) on RAMPS to NC on the switch.
2. Connect GND on RAMPS to C on the switch.

Note: The latest firmware such as Marlin seems to use NO as the default pin on the switch. Otherwise you may need to invert the endstops in the firmware. You can use M119 to check your endstops status.

Put the connectors on the motor wires

1. • solder a female connector to the ends of each wire.
   • use the 2.54mm 1x3 housing.
   • Shown is the type used for servos in RC projects. See Stepper Motors for info on motors.

熱敏電阻連線

Use a 2 pin 0.1" connector to terminate the thermistor wires.

1. • Connect the cable so the 2 wires go to T0
2. Connect the 2 heater wires to D10 (E0H on older boards) and the + connection above it.
   • If changing to an unverified firmware it is best to verify heater circuit function with a meter before connecting heater to prevent damage to the extruder.

Pololu carriage

This section assumes you are using Pololu, but there are other options. Insert two 1x8 pin headers into the board. If you bought a kit with one 16 pin header, simply cut it so that you have two 1x8. Make sure that the side with the labels has the long ends of the posts, and the side you want to solder is the side with the heat sink. Doing this backwards will cause you not to see the labels and will most likely not fit. Remember to apply a heat-sink to the largest chip on the back.