SevenSwitch 1.1
This page describes something which is no longer the most recent version. For the replacement version see: SevenSwitch 1.2
If you want to upgrade, see SevenSwitch 1.2#Upgrading to v1.2.
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Release status: working
Description | General MOSFET switch
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The SevenSwitch is a general MOSFET switch, useful for operating heated beds, heaters, fans and similar devices by 5 V operated electronics, like Generation 6 Electronics, RAMPS, Sanguinololu, Generation 7 Electronics and similars. The only input needed is a 5V signal. It's fast enough to run at 80 kHz PWM and strong enough to switch up to 15 Ampéres at 12 Volts.
The design follows that of the Gen7 Board, so it's easily do-it-yourselfable.
Contents
Variants
Depending on your requirements you can equip the SevenSwitch with a Molex KK156 (picture to the left) or a screw terminal device connctor (picture to the right) for the device connector and a disk power connector ot a screw terminal for the power supply:
The pictures show the SevenSwitch 1.0. SevenSwitch 1.1 needs even for big currents no heatsink, so try to imagine there is none :-)
How to get it
PCBs
Get SevenSwitch PCBs from RepRap DIY (Traumflug's outlet).
As the SevenSwitch, like Gen7, is designed to be manufactured on a RepRap, you can make PCBs yourself, of course. How to do this on a RepRap or a general milling machine is described on the Gen7 main page.
Yet another way is to purchase from one of the many houses specialized in manufacturing prototype PCBs. The SevenSwitch is single sided, so this won't cost a fortune. If you want to sell excess copies, plase ask Traumflug for a commercial license.
Components
Get SevenSwitch Parts Kits from RepRap DIY (Traumflug's outlet).
If you want to assemble the collection yourself, see the #Parts Lists section.
Parts Lists
To assemble or verify these lists, open the layout with gEDA/PCB and export a "BOM". This will give you a list of all required components.
Special considerations:
- For the power supply connector, choose between a disk power connector. What you choose is mostly a matter of taste. The PCB provides holes for both, but you can solder in only one.
- The device is connected via an Molex KK156 2-pin header or by a 2-way screw terminal. Screw terminals of that size are typically specified for 15 A. While the Molex KK156 is specified for only 4.5 A, it's often used to drive up to 12 A in the RepRap community regardless.
- A funny thing is, if one asks 5 electronics engineers on what's the best MOSFET for the task, one typically gets about 10 different answers. There might be better MOSFETs, but this one is affordable and verified to work within the limits described here.
Electronic Components & Connectors
This list is ordered to match the recommended order of assembly.
Name | Count | Designations | Vendors | Remarks | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resistor 10 Ohms | 1 | R1 | Reichelt | RS | |||||
Resistor 560 Ohms | 1 | R2 | Reichelt | Völkner | Farnell | RS | Digi-Key | Mouser | |
Diode 1N4004 | 1 | D1 | Reichelt | Völkner | Farnell | Digi-Key | Mouser | ||
LED 3 mm Green | 1 | LED1 | Reichelt | Völkner | Farnell | Digi-Key | Mouser | ||
Electrolytic Capacitor 100 uF | 1 | C1 | Reichelt | Völkner | Farnell | Digi-Key | Mouser | ||
Device Header Molex 26-48-1045 (2 Pin) | 0 or 1 | HEATER | RS | DigiKey | Mouser | 0 ea. if you choose the alternative screw terminal. | |||
Cable Connector for the above | 0 or 1 | RS | DigiKey | Mouser | 0 ea. if you choose the alternative screw terminal. | ||||
Crimp Contact for the above | 0 or 2 | RS | DigiKey | Mouser | 0 ea. if you choose the alternative screw terminal. | ||||
Disk Power Header | 0 or 1 | CONN1 | Reichelt | RS | DigiKey | Mouser | 0 ea. if you choose the alternative screw terminal. | ||
Alternative to Device Header and Disk Power Header: 2 Pin Screw Terminal | 0, 1 or 2 | HEATER | Reichelt | DigiKey | Mouser | ||||
Molex KK100 2 Pin Header | 1 | CONN2 | Reichelt | RS | DigiKey | Mouser | |||
Cable Connector for the above | 1 | Reichelt | RS | DigiKey | Mouser | ||||
Crimp Contact for the above | 2 | Reichelt | RS | DigiKey | Mouser | ||||
MOSFET IRLB 8743 | 1 | Q1 | RS | Mouser |
Assembly
- To find out which components to put where, have the layout on your PC screen available.
- PCBs fabricated with Voronoi paths need more heat, so raise your soldering iron's temperature by about 20 deg Celsius.
- Start with the flattest parts, usually the resistors. This way, components won't fall out when you lay the PCB on it's front for soldering. Then continue with parts of raising height, connectors are usually among the last ones.
- The parts lists are sorted with that in mind, simply start at the top and assemble towards the bottom.
- To ease soldering of headers or similar components, put a small drop of cyanacrylate glue onto the component side before inserting them. As the PCB is single-sided, this won't hurt the solder point.
Caution: Don't solder MOSFETs until after the Power Supply Checks.
Assembly in Pictures
Click on the pictures to view them bigger. The pictures, show SevenSwitch 1.0, which is, except for the lack of two holes for the power supply screw terminal, the same.
LED1 is a Light Emitting Diode, so direction matters. The longer of it's legs is +, which happens to go into the upper hole. You can also compare with the + sign in the layout.
C1 is an electrolytic capacitor, which has a polarity. It's housing has a white stripe, which is minus (-) and goes into the upper hole. Like with LEDs, the longer leg is +. Again, compare to the layout.
As you can see, the MOSFET isn't inserted yet. We'll come back to that later.
Setup
These steps show how to get from a soldered mainboard to a working one.
Power Source
The SevenSwitch is powered by a Molex 4-pin connector, like it's found in PCs. If you use a PC power supply, simply insert a connector that fits. It can be the same supply you use for your remaining electronics or a separate one.
- It's sufficient to connect one of the GND pins.
- It doesn't matter what's on the fourth pin.
Power Supply Checks
With the power connector inserted, you can take a few measurements to make sure everything is allright.
Checks:
- No smoke? Great.
- If you have a voltage meter, measure the voltages shown in the picture.
- The LED should stay dark.
Insert the MOSFET
Now, with some safety tests done, it's a good time to insert the semiconductor.
- Disconnect the power supply.
- Solder the MOSFET with the flat side towards the outside of the board into its place. Use sufficient solder, as high currents are flowing here.
Signal Source
The picture shows where to connect the GND and the signal pin. The grounds on the signal and the Molex 4-pin power connector are connected together on the board. However you can use an independant power supply different from your main system as long as the two grounds are tied together or the supply ground can float to your main system ground. There is no optical or other isolation. Remember that the fan or heater is driven in a low side switch configuration so it will have the 12V supply connected even if it is not switched on.
Prepare your Controller Firmware
How to prepare your controller electronics obviously heavily depends on your type of electronics (Gen7, Gen6, RAMPS, Sanguinololu, ...), your type of firmware (Teacup, Marlin, Sprinter, Repetier, ...) and the pin you've choosen to fetch the signal from, so I can't give detailed instructions here. Generally, the signal pin for the SevenSwitch is handled like any other pin, no special treatment needed.
The signal pin should be a digital I/O pin, preferably a PWM-able one. If you use an analog pin, make sure the firmware configures it as a digital pin.
If you've figured out how to connect your combination of electronics, firmware and signal pin, please insert your description as an example here.
A Word of Caution
If you bring the SevenSwitch to it's edge, the heatsink will become hot. Hot, like 60° C or more. The MOSFET will survive more than your fingers, in tests the heatsink got up to 110° C without blowing anything.
Circumstances rasing heatsink temperature:
- Higher PWM frequency.
- PWM loads of closer to 80%.
Countermeasures:
- Lower PWM frequency. For example, comment out FAST_PWM in Teacup's config.h.
- Use a bang bang temperature control. For Teacup, also use BANG_BANG_ON = 255.
For diagrams, see Gen7 Research. SevenSwitch uses a 10 Ω signal resistor.
Specials
Non-12-V-Voltages
The SevenSwitch will happily switch voltages below 12 Volts, even below 5 Volts. If you want to switch 24 V, the only part not compatible is the current limiting resistor of the indicator LED. Please replace R2 with 2200 ohms to achieve full compatibility. If you have no replacement resistor handy, you can remove R2 entirely (and loose the LED's functionality).
Application Examples
Stemer114 describes he connected his SevenSwitch to a Sanguinololu in the RepRap forum.
History
SevenSwitch 1.1 has the following changes compared to SevenSwitch 1.0:
- IRLB 8743 MOSFET. Vastly oversized for fans, but also affordable and switches heated beds happily without a heatsink.
- Two additional holes to allow screw terminals as power supply.