Generation 7 Electronics/fr
Release status: working
Description | Generation 7 Electronics
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License | various - see individual boards
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Author | |
Contributors | |
Based-on | [[]]
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Categories | |
CAD Models | |
External Link | (none)
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Ceci est un ensemble complet de cartes électroniques conçus pour être réplicable. La réplication est ce qui rend le projet RepRap unique, cela devrait être étendue à l'électronique. Tous les circuits imprimés Gen7 peuvent être fabriqués sur votre Mendel, Prusa Mendel, Huxley, ou sur une machine de fraisage CNC général. L'objectif à long terme est d'imprimer directement les pistes électriques.
La conception électronique de cette carte est très similaire à d'autres solutions , comme RAMPES , Pololu_Electronics ou Sanguinololu . L'électronique de la Génération 7 peut piloter excatement le même matériel, en utilisant les mêmes firmwares . De plus, il est livré avec quelques détails supplémentaires pour le rendre plus souple et beaucoup plus fiable.
- Discutez de cette électronique dans le Generation 7 Electronics forum thread.
- Suivre le développement et télécharger dans Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository.
- Si vous voulez juste avoir une vision du produit latest release files.
Contents
Caractéristiques & Specifications
Highlights
- C'est rapide! la carte fonctionne à 20 MHz -> 25% de vitesse en plus.
- C'est complet! Peut piloter un plan de travail chauffé.
- Il est confortable! Il y a plusieurs connecteurs d'alimentation et s'éteint automatiquement.
- C'est ouvert! Bien adapté pour le développement communautaire et la personnalisation.
- Il est souple! capacité de piloter des moteurs et chauffages avec des tensions différentes .
- C'est abordable! Le circuit imprimé est facile à fabriquer sur une RepRap.
Details
- Carte simple face.
- Dimensions 100 x 130 mm.
- Processeur: ATmega644 (Atmel Corp.)
- pilote de moteurs pas à pas Pololu, intercheangable.
- 4x stepper motor drivers with 1/16 microstepping.
- Plug for a USB-to-TTL converter. TODO: on-board USB-TTL converter.
- Intégration complète pour le pilotage de l'extrudeur (moteur, chauffage et thermistance).
- Intégration complète pour le chauffage du plan de travail (heater, thermistor).
- Permet de réutiliser une ancienne ( ou nouvelle) alimentation de PC avec un connecteur de 20 ou 24 broches ATX.
- Alimentation possible depuis un connecteur MOLEX 4 broches.
- Utilisation de conencteurs standart.
- Prepared for both, connector plugs as well as screw terminals.
- LEDs pour les fonctions veille, alimentation, chauffage.
- Can turn PSU on and off in software, when supplied via the 20-pin connector.
- Bouton RESET.
- ICMP header.
Objectifs de la conception
- Gardez la notion de replica. Cela nécessite une distance minimale entre deux pistes de 0,4 mm. Cette règle élimine la plupart du temps tous les composants CMS.
- Obtenir l'indépendante à partir de solutions industrielles.
- Mettre l'accent sur la flexibilité, la facilité d'utilisation et la fiabilité. En conséquence, de nouvelles caractéristiques non essentielles ont une faible priorité.
Individual Components
Gen7 est une solution avec une carte unique, elle se compose de seulement quelques composants:
Carte Principale
Gen7_Board_1.3.1_en_Francais_-_Gen7_Board_1.3.1_in_French correspond à l'unité centrale. Elle peut piloter une machine RepRap à elle seul, mais pas beaucoup plus. Elle fourni sa pleine puissance uniquement pour l'essentiel.
Fins de course
Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1 est une carte qui supporte un fin de course optique, il faut au minimum 3 cartes pour une Reprap et 6 si vous désirez câbler toutes les fins de course maxi et mini.
Releases
For older releases, see the #History section.
16. August 2011: 1.3.1
This is a bugfix release.
- Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.
- Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.
- No changes to the hardware.
22. July 2011: 1.3
New features:
- Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.
- Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters. These match the required current much better.
- Remove the MOSFET for the fan. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.
- Remove the I2C header. Was totally unused.
- Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only. The extra pin just caused confusion.
- Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts ATX20 plugs just fine.
- Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.
- MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.
Plans for 1.4
New features:
Still to do:
- Make the ISP header compatible to an SD card reader: [1]
- Move from KK156 motor heaters to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible.
- Make the thermistor work in sleep mode somehow. Either by feeding the ATmega's Vref from 5V_SB or by instructing the firmware to turn the PSU on on temp readouts.
How to get it
Get Gen7 Kits from Traumflug or Paoparts.
Also, see their dedicated page.
Parts Lists
For the parts lists of Gen7 components, see their dedicated page
To assemble or verify parts lists, open the layout with gEDA/PCB and export a "BOM". This will give you a list of all required components.
Miscellaneous
Besides the parts needed for the individual components, you need thin wires to get the thermistor and endstop signals to the Board. For example, you can salvage the cables you find between a PC mainboard and this PC's hard disks.
Heaters and stepper motors need a bit more current, so cable wires should be thicker. It's a good idea to use cables for electrical household devices. These have typically 2x or 3x 0.75 mm2. Remove the mantling carefully, the re-wire them in sets of two or four, as needed. Twisting the wires while doing so reduces electromagnetic influence.
Assembly Instructions
If you have assembled and tested a Board and Endstops, the remaining stuff is more obvious.
- more assembly instructons needed
Just to add to the pile, here's how to adjust the Pololus:
While the pots on the Pololus should always be adjusted, people usually simply forget to do so.
Turn the pot all to the left. Then turn it to the right in tiny steps. After each step find out whether the motor has enough torque, i.e. move the carriage all the way up and down. If you just get away without step losses, turn another 1/8 to the right and you're done.
Notice Regarding Legal Stuff
Generation 7 Electronics isn't a device in the sense of European Community regulation 2004/108/EG (EMC Directive). The reasons include:
- Gen7 doesn't include a power supply, so a Gen7 can't be used on it's own.
- Same for the stepper drivers. No stepper drivers, no useable Gen7.
- Heaters, thermistors, dito.
- The instructions seen on the Gen7 wiki pages give you hints on how to build your own device, they're not to be seen as installation instructions or a manual of a finished device.
If you use a Gen7 to assemble something usable, check (at least) the following if you want to conform to said regulation:
- Is there a metal housing? A Faraday Cage solves most electromagnetic issues.
- Connected cables can also be subject to electromagnetic stuff. Shielding them helps.
- Is there a manual and are there installation instructions conforming to the regulation?
If you buy and assemble an Generation 7 Electronics kit, you're manufacturer in the sense of the EMC Directive, not an end user. As long as you're developing and testing, most EMC regulations don't apply (for obvious reasons). The directive just wants you to protect devices of third parties from yours, so don't run a Gen7 right next to your neighbour's cardiac pacemaker. There's no time limit for developing and testing.
That said, this section mostly applies to all currently known RepRap electronics. Also, the said was written after investigation of relevant law texts by an mechanical engineer, not a lawyer.
Relevant law: EMVG, implementing the EC directive for Germany.
Development
Current status of development can be found at the Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository. The short term goals are listed above in the #Releases section.
Layout, PCB Editing
Gen7 uses gEDA, a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is available for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.
Additionally, you want to download the design files with Git or GitHub's download button. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.
Typical Work Loop with gEDA
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:
- Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.
- Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.
- When done, save it and return to the project.
- Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.
- If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.
- When done, save it and return to the project.
You get the idea?
Bug Fixing, Sending Changes
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send Traumflug pull requests.
PCB Manufacturing
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.
Milling
On how to proceed further with that, see the PCB Milling page.
Etching
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.
- Open the layout in PCB.
- Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.
- Remove all tracks on this layer ( = all light blue ones = all of the GND net minus vias and bridges, find the net with Menu -> Window -> Netlist).
- Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.
- Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key).
- Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.
- For pins and pads you actually want to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left).
- Loop the last three steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest".
- In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:
- Switch to the "solder" layer.
- Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.
- Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.
- Type the following and hit Enter:
ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)
- Repeat the above with
selectedpins
instead ofselectedlines
. - Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.
- As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.
- You're done.
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]
Etching via Toner Transfer
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:
- I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.
Following up on this statement, the minimum track width was raised from 20 mil to 30 mil. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16 mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --Traumflug 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:
- Open the layout in PCB.
- Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.
- Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.
- Type the following two commands:
changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm) changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5 mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.
Practical tips for toner transfer see DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer.
History
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a Release).
The Forum thread (german), where everything started.
Work Around Christmas 2010
Mostly done by Jacky2k.
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested. The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.
Older Releases
10. Feb 2011: v1.0
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?
28. Mar 2011: v1.1
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.
- Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75 mm or 1.0 mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.
- Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.
- Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.
- Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ 44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.
- Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.
- Fixed the solder mask.
- Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.
- Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.
- Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.
12. May 2011: v1.2
New features:
- The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.