https://reprap.org/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Toolson&feedformat=atomRepRap - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T23:21:05ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tantillus_R&diff=182461Tantillus R2018-05-21T12:48:42Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:Tantillus_R_logo_coloured.png | 400px]]</center><br />
<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Development<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Tantillus_R_001.jpg<br />
|name = Tantillus R<br />
|description = tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
|license = [[GPLv3]]<br />
|author = Toolson and Protoprinter<br />
|reprap =Tantillus<br />
|url = https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R<br />
|url = http://scheuten.me/?page_id=1056<br />
|categories = [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]] <br />
{{tag|Traveling RepRap}}<br />
{{tag|Cartesian-XY-head}}<br />
|cadModel = [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
}} <br />
= Tantillus R =<br />
<br />
Introducing Tantillus R. <br />
<br />
A tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
<br />
R = reborn = tribute to Sublime's inspirational work on original [[Tantillus]] from 2012<br />
<br />
= Status =<br />
<br />
May 13, 2018<br />
* initial release of the Tantillus R and a full documentation<br />
<br />
= Design goals =<br />
<br />
√ highly portable <br />
√ ultra low moving mass<br />
√ compact design<br />
√ commonly available parts and materials<br />
√ precise but cheap to build<br />
√ easy to build<br />
√ able to print with insane accelarations<br />
√ no ugly aluminium extrusions<br />
√ laser cut acrylic case (5mm)<br />
√ high energy efficiency<br />
√ Belt driven Z axis, now threaded rods<br />
≈ Belt upgrades. (For those of you who just have to have belts)<br />
≈ CNC milled wooden case (6,3mm)<br />
≈ laser cut steel case (3mm)<br />
∅ lets see what happens ;)<br />
<br />
√ Complete | ≈ Current Development | ∅ Future Development<br />
<br />
<br />
= Specifications =<br />
<br />
Outer dimensions:<br />
<br />
Laser cut version<br />
* 220mm x 220mm x 300mm <br />
<br />
Build Area:<br />
* 100mm x 100mm x 100mm<br />
<br />
<br />
= Features =<br />
<br />
* It can print all of its own parts.<br />
* Designed to use [[Merlin Hotend]].<br />
* Internally mounted extruder with bowden cable.<br />
* Internal power supply.<br />
* Internal Raspberry Pi with host software.<br />
* Static part cooling, all fans/blowers are fixed<br />
* Uses an interesting drive train: low cost braided fishing line instead of cheap quality belts (It wraps 5 times around the rod and then goes through a hole and wraps an additional 5 times resulting in no slip). This is a roll on roll off system with a fixed anchor in the middle.[[Category:DriveTrains]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|center|800 px|Tantillus R]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Tantillus_R_003.jpg|center|800 px|Tantillus R]]<br />
<br />
= Forum thread =<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?279,817116 international]<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,818009 german]<br />
<br />
= External Links =<br />
<br />
* [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R Toolson's blog]<br />
* [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/Tantillus Sublime's original Tantillus from 2012]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Tantillus_R_003.jpg&diff=182460File:Tantillus R 003.jpg2018-05-21T12:47:19Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tantillus_R&diff=182459Tantillus R2018-05-21T12:27:45Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:Tantillus_R_logo_coloured.png | 400px]]</center><br />
<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Development<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Tantillus_R_001.jpg<br />
|name = Tantillus R<br />
|description = tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
|license = [[GPLv3]]<br />
|author = Toolson and Protoprinter<br />
|reprap =Tantillus<br />
|url = https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R<br />
|url = http://scheuten.me/?page_id=1056<br />
|categories = [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]] <br />
{{tag|Traveling RepRap}}<br />
{{tag|Cartesian-XY-head}}<br />
|cadModel = [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
}} <br />
= Tantillus R =<br />
<br />
Introducing Tantillus R. <br />
<br />
A tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
<br />
R = reborn = tribute to Sublime's inspirational work on original [[Tantillus]] from 2012<br />
<br />
= Status =<br />
<br />
May 13, 2018<br />
* initial release of the Tantillus R and a full documentation<br />
<br />
= Design goals =<br />
<br />
√ highly portable <br />
√ ultra low moving mass<br />
√ compact design<br />
√ commonly available parts and materials<br />
√ precise but cheap to build<br />
√ easy to build<br />
√ able to print with insane accelarations<br />
√ no ugly aluminium extrusions<br />
√ laser cut acrylic case (5mm)<br />
√ high energy efficiency<br />
√ Belt driven Z axis, now threaded rods<br />
≈ Belt upgrades. (For those of you who just have to have belts)<br />
≈ CNC milled wooden case (6,3mm)<br />
≈ laser cut steel case (3mm)<br />
∅ lets see what happens ;)<br />
<br />
√ Complete | ≈ Current Development | ∅ Future Development<br />
<br />
<br />
= Specifications =<br />
<br />
Outer dimensions:<br />
<br />
Laser cut version<br />
* 220mm x 220mm x 300mm <br />
<br />
Build Area:<br />
* 100mm x 100mm x 100mm<br />
<br />
<br />
= Features =<br />
<br />
* It can print all of its own parts.<br />
* Designed to use [[Merlin Hotend]].<br />
* Internally mounted extruder with bowden cable.<br />
* Internal power supply.<br />
* Internal Raspberry Pi with host software.<br />
* Static part cooling, all fans/blowers are fixed<br />
* Uses an interesting drive train: low cost braided fishing line instead of cheap quality belts (It wraps 5 times around the rod and then goes through a hole and wraps an additional 5 times resulting in no slip). This is a roll on roll off system with a fixed anchor in the middle.[[Category:DriveTrains]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|center|800 px|Tantillus R]]<br />
<br />
= Forum thread =<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?279,817116 international]<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,818009 german]<br />
<br />
= External Links =<br />
<br />
* [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R Toolson's blog]<br />
* [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/Tantillus Sublime's original Tantillus from 2012]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tantillus_R&diff=182458Tantillus R2018-05-21T12:26:13Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:Tantillus_R_logo_coloured.png | 400px]]</center><br />
<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Development<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Tantillus_R_001.jpg<br />
|name = Tantillus R<br />
|description = tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
|license = [[GPLv3]]<br />
|author = Toolson and Protoprinter<br />
|reprap =Tantillus<br />
|url = https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R<br />
|url = http://scheuten.me/?page_id=1056<br />
|categories = [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]] <br />
{{tag|Traveling RepRap}}<br />
{{tag|Cartesian-XY-head}}<br />
|cadModel = [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
}} <br />
= Tantillus R =<br />
<br />
Introducing Tantillus R. <br />
<br />
A tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
<br />
R = reborn = tribute to Sublime's inspirational work on original [[Tantillus]] from 2012<br />
<br />
= Status =<br />
<br />
May 13, 2018<br />
* initial release of the Tantillus R and a full documentation<br />
<br />
= Design goals =<br />
<br />
√ highly portable <br />
√ ultra low moving mass<br />
√ compact design<br />
√ commonly available parts and materials<br />
√ precise but cheap to build<br />
√ easy to build<br />
√ able to print with insane accelarations<br />
√ no ugly aluminium extrusions<br />
√ laser cut acrylic case (5mm)<br />
√ high energy efficiency<br />
√ Belt driven Z axis, now threaded rods<br />
≈ Belt upgrades. (For those of you who just have to have belts)<br />
≈ CNC milled wooden case (6,3mm)<br />
≈ laser cut steel case (3mm)<br />
∅ lets see what happens ;)<br />
<br />
√ Complete | ≈ Current Development | ∅ Future Development<br />
<br />
<br />
= Specifications =<br />
<br />
Outer dimensions:<br />
<br />
Laser cut version<br />
* 220mm x 220mm x 300mm <br />
<br />
Build Area:<br />
* 100mm x 100mm x 100mm<br />
<br />
<br />
= Features =<br />
<br />
* It can print all of its own parts.<br />
* Designed to use [[Merlin]] hotend.<br />
* Internally mounted extruder with bowden cable.<br />
* Internal power supply.<br />
* Internal Raspberry Pi with host software.<br />
* Static part cooling, all fans/blowers are fixed<br />
* Uses an interesting drive train: low cost braided fishing line instead of cheap quality belts (It wraps 5 times around the rod and then goes through a hole and wraps an additional 5 times resulting in no slip). This is a roll on roll off system with a fixed anchor in the middle.[[Category:DriveTrains]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|center|800 px|Tantillus R]]<br />
<br />
= Forum thread =<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?279,817116 international]<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,818009 german]<br />
<br />
= External Links =<br />
<br />
* [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R Toolson's blog]<br />
* [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/Tantillus Sublime's original Tantillus from 2012]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Printer_by_Picture&diff=182457Printer by Picture2018-05-21T12:24:50Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Guide ==<br />
<br />
Below is a table showing printers by pictures, sortable by style and type. All the printers listed below are under an Open Source license.<br />
<br />
* Quickly find a printer by image, movement type and style<br />
<br />
== Cartesian ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"<br />
! Image !! Link to Source !! X and Y Sizes (mm) !! Z Size (mm) !! Release Date !! No. of Printed Parts<br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Darwin]] || 230x230 || 100 || July, 2008 || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Mendel.jpg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Mendel]] || 200x200 || 140 || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Wallace.jpg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Wallace]] || 200x200 || 140 || February 3, 2012 || 26 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Foldaslot36.jpg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[FoldaRap]] || 140x140 || 155 || ?? || 33 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Prusa i3]] || 200x200 || 200 || ?? || 26 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Prusa Mendel]] || 200x200 || 100 || November 1, 2011 || 44 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:huxley.jpg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Huxley]] || ?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Holliger.jpeg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Holliger]] || 140x140 || 100 || May 7, 2014 || 75 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Wolfy11.jpg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Wolfy1.1]] || ?? || 240 || October 29, 2014 || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:3DPrintMi.JPG | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[3DPrintMi]] || 152x152 || 200 || May 29, 2013 || 35 || 450 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Mix-g1.jpeg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] || ??x?? || ?? || August 15, 2012 || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:printrbot.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Printrbot]] || 150x150 || 150 || September 20, 2011 || 18 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Microbot.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Tantillus]] || 100x100 || 100 || February 18, 2012 || 54 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Tantillus R]] || 100x100 || 100 || May 18, 2018 || 49 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:CartesioW1.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Cartesio]] || 200x200/400x200 || 200/400 || Januari 1, 2010 || 10 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Eventorbot]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:3D_Printer1.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[3drag]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Prusa i3 Rework]] || 200x200 || 200 || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:File:0Z3M2ab.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[E1X]] || 200x200 || 200 || ?? || 30 <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[MendelMax]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:MendelMax2 front.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[MendelMax 2.0]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Mendel90]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:GD01 A.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[GolemD]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:AdaptoBIG.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Adapto]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:SibRap.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[SibRap]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Haeckel1.JPG| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Haeckel]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Artifex]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Smartrap 046.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Smartrap mini]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Wilson.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Wilson]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:WoodMAXi3.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[WoodMAX_i3]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:I3xl.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[i3xl printer]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:I3a.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[i3a]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Ormerod]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:sid.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Sid]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ??<br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Graberi3.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Graber_i3|Graber i3]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:3dmaker-lcxl-800.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[3DMaker_LCXL|3DMaker LCXL]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ??<br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:impresoranew.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[MM1|MM1]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ??<br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:KunPrinter-K86.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ??<br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Ulticampy]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ??<br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Funbot_i1.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Funbot_i1]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:8 12 Perspective.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Boxd]] || ??x?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:M Prime One photo.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[M Prime One]] || 200x150 || 150 || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Delta ==<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"<br />
! Image !! Link to Source !! Work Diameter (mm) !! Z Size (mm) !! Release Date !! Printed Parts<br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Kossel.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Kossel]] || 170 || 240 || June 30, 2013 || 19<br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Kiwi remix]] || 170 || 170 || March 18, 2014 || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:UDelta.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Micro Delta]] || 120 || 190 || August 12, 2014 || ?? <br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Special ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"<br />
! Image !! Link to Source !! X and Y Sizes (mm) !! Z Size (mm) !! Release Date !! Printed Parts<br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:R-360.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[R_360|R-360]] || ?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg| center | 200px]]<br />
| [[RepRap Morgan]] || ?? || ?? || May 14, 2013 || ?? <br />
<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| [[File:Simpson2013.jpg | center | 200px]]<br />
| [[Simpson]] || ?? || ?? || ?? || ?? <br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_Models&diff=182456List of Models2018-05-21T12:19:41Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>=== This page is a '''''Work In Progress''''' ===<br />
{| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%"<br />
! Name<br />
! Release Status<br />
! Description<br />
! Categories<br />
! License<br />
! Based On<br />
! Link<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
| Working<br />
| Prusa Mendel Iteration 2 is a simpler remix of normal [[Mendel]].<br />
| [[:Category:Cartesian-XZ-head|XZ-head]]<br />
| [[GPL]]<br />
| [[Mendel]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[Prusa i3]]<br />
| Working<br />
| Prusa i3 is a redesign by Prusajr.<br />
| [[:Category:Prusa i3|Prusa i3]],<br />
[[:Category:Prusa i3 Development|Prusa i3 Development]],<br />
[[:Category:Prusa Mendel Development|Prusa Mendel Development]],<br />
[[:Category:Prusa Mendel|Prusa Mendel]],<br />
[[:Category:Mendel Variations|Mendel Variations]],<br />
[[:Category:Cartesian-XZ-head|Cartesian-XZ-Head]],<br />
[[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]]<br />
| [[GPL]]<br />
| <br />
| [https://github.com/josefprusa/Prusa3 Github]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[Huxley]]<br />
|Working<br />
|<br />
| [[:Category:Huxley|Huxley]], [[:Category:Cartesian-XZ-head|XZ-head]]<br />
| [[GPL 2.0]]<br />
| Huxley<br />
| [http://blog.reprap.org/2010/02/mini-me.html Original Blog Post]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[Holliger]]<br />
| Working<br />
| A Huxley variant that can represent a much higher proportion of itself and is stiff enough to support limited milling.<br />
| [[:Category:Holliger|Holliger]],<br />
[[:Category:Huxley Variations|Huxley Variations]],<br />
[[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]]<br />
| [[GPL]]<br />
| [[Huxley]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
| Working<br />
| First OpenSource 3Dprinter From China.<br />
| [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]]<br />
| [[GPL]]<br />
| [[Wolfy]]<br />
| [https://github.com/talkingba/3dprinter-WolfWorks Github]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[Mix g1]]<br />
|Working<br />
| Mix G1<br />
| [[:Category:Cartesian-XZ-head|Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
| [[GPL]]<br />
| [[Wallace]]<br />
| [http://www.mixshop.com mixshop.com]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
|Working<br />
|RepRap and interim GADA prize winner<br />
|[[:Category:Scara|SCARA]]<br />
|[[GPL]]<br />
| Everything / Nothing<br />
| http://reprap.harleystudio.co.za<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[THOR Simpson]]<br />
|style="background:grey; color:white;" | Obsolete<br />
|Grounded Delta Printer<br />
|[[:Category:Delta|Delta]],[[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap Machines]]<br />
|[[GPL]]<br />
|[[RepRap Morgan]], [[Rostock]], [[Delta]]<br />
| [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:104117 Thingiverse]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[GUS Simpson]]<br />
|style= "background:blue; color:white;" | Experimental<br />
|Grounded Delta Printer<br />
|[[:Category:Delta|Delta]],[[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap Machines]]<br />
|[[GPL]]<br />
|[[RepRap Morgan]], [[Rostock]], [[Delta]]<br />
|[http://conceptforge.org/ ConceptForge.org]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[LISA Simpson]]<br />
|style= "background:blue; color:white;" | Experimental<br />
|Delta Printer<br />
|[[:Category:Delta|Delta]],[[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap Machines]]<br />
|[[GPL]]<br />
|[[RepRap Morgan]], [[Rostock]], [[Delta]]<br />
|[http://conceptforge.org/ ConceptForge.org]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[3DPrintMi]]<br />
|Working<br />
|Open Frame Reprap<br />
|<br />
|[[GPL]]<br />
|[[Printrbot]] [[Wallace]]<br />
|[http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:95339 Thingiverse]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
!Printrbot<br />
|Working<br />
|The simplest, cheapest, RepRap 3D printer in the world.<br />
|[[:Category:Printrbot|Printrbot]], [[:Category:Foldable RepRap|Foldable RepRap]], [[:Category:Cartesian-XZ-head|XZ-head]]<br />
|[[Wikipedia:Creative_Commons_license|CC-BY-NC-SA]]<br />
|???<br />
|[http://printrbot.com/ printrbot.com]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[Wallace]]<br />
|style= "background:blue; color:white;" | Experimental<br />
|Wallace is a parametric version of the [[Printrbot]] design.<br />
|[[:Category:Printrbot|Printrbot]]<br />
|[[GPL]]<br />
|[[Printrbot]]<br />
|[http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:14208 Thingiverse]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[Tantillus]]<br />
|Working<br />
|The portable self replicating mini printer<br />
| [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]], [[:Category:Cartesian-XY-head|XY-head]]<br />
|[[GPLv3]]<br />
|[[Sui Generis]]<br />
|[http://www.Tantillus.org/ Tantillus.org]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[Tantillus R]]<br />
|Working<br />
|A tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
| [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]], [[:Category:Cartesian-XY-head|XY-head]]<br />
|[[GPL]]<br />
|[[Tantillus]]<br />
|[http://www.scheuten.me/ Toolson's blog]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[Cartesio]]<br />
|Working<br />
|Printed CNC machine<br />
|[[:Category:Cartesio|Cartesio]] [[:Category:Cartesian-XY-head|XY-head]]<br />
|Attribution - Non Comercial - ShareAlike<br />
| <br />
|[http://www.mauk.cc MaukCC]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
![[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
|style="background:grey; color:white;" | Obsolete<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|[[GPL]]<br />
|[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
|[https://reprappro.com/shop/reprap-kits/mendel-full-kit/ reprappro.com]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
!RepRapPro Huxley<br />
|Working<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|[[GPL]]<br />
|<br />
|http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRapPro_Huxley<br />
<br />
<br />
!<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Machines/az&diff=182455RepRap Machines/az2018-05-21T12:09:13Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap Machines}}<br />
{{Portal Header AZ}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Bu səhifə redaktə mərhələsindədir və müəyyən məlumatlar silinmiş və ya dəyişdirilmiş ola bilər.<br />
<br />
== 3D Printerlər ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:P3Steel_Render.jpg|[[P3Steel]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wolfy.jpg|[[Wolfy]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Morgan_Pro2.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:snowden.jpg|[[Prusa Snowden]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[Prusa XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Ei3.jpg |[[Prusa EI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HE3D-K200.jpg |[[K200]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HardyGrav1.png |[[HardyGraph]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:LabRap_1.0_Perspective.jpg|[[LabRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Sigma3D.jpg|[[Sigma3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:Garpom.jpg|[[Garpom]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:Tripteron_Full.png|[[Tripteron]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:maxresdefault.jpg|[[Blocks zero]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Valentia_3D_v0_3_open_with_spool.jpg|[[Valentia]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Millinq/Router Avadanlıqları ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:MaduixaCNCpic01.jpg|[[MaduixaCNC]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Robotlaşdırılmış Qol ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:RepArm_mk1.jpg |[[RepArm mk1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap modelləri| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Machines/ja&diff=182454RepRap Machines/ja2018-05-21T12:08:50Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{Portal Header/ja}}<br />
<br />
<br />
このページは未完成であり、削除される可能性のあるコンテンツを含んでいます。<br />
<br />
== 3Dプリンター ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:P3Steel_Render.jpg|[[P3Steel]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wolfy.jpg|[[Wolfy]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Morgan_Pro2.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''ライセンス: [[http://www.gnu.org/ライセンスs/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:snowden.jpg|[[Prusa Snowden]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[Prusa XI3]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Ei3.jpg |[[Prusa EI3]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HE3D-K200.jpg |[[K200]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HardyGrav1.png |[[HardyGraph]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:LabRap_1.0_Perspective.jpg|[[LabRap]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Sigma3D.jpg|[[Sigma3D]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:Garpom.jpg|[[Garpom]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:Tripteron_Full.png|[[Tripteron]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:maxresdefault.jpg|[[Blocks zero]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Valentia_3D_v0_3_open_with_spool.jpg|[[Valentia]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Chimera.jpg|[[Chimera]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== ミリング/ルーターマシン ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''ライセンス: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:MaduixaCNCpic01.jpg|[[MaduixaCNC]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== ロボットプラットフォーム ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:RepArm_mk1.jpg |[[RepArm mk1]] (''ライセンス: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Machines/fr&diff=182453RepRap Machines/fr2018-05-21T12:08:27Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:RepRap machines/fr]]<br />
<br />
== Imprimantes 3D ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wolfy.jpg|[[Wolfy]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Morgan_Pro.png|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:snowden.jpg|[[Prusa Snowden]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
<br />
</gallery></div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Machines/es&diff=182452RepRap Machines/es2018-05-21T12:08:12Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{Portal Header/es}}<br />
<br />
== Impresoras 3D ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wolfy.jpg|[[Wolfy]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Morgan_Pro.png|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:snowden.jpg|[[Prusa Snowden]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[Prusa XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HardyGrav1.png |[[HardyGraph]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:LabRap_1.0_Perspective.jpg|[[LabRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Máquinas de Fresado/Routers ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:MaduixaCNCpic01.jpg|[[MaduixaCNC]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Fabricantes de filamento ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Machines/de&diff=182451RepRap Machines/de2018-05-21T12:07:55Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{Portal Header/de}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Diese Seite unterliegt ständigen Änderungen, da es immer wieder Fortschritte gibt und Informationen enthält die vielleicht entfernt werden.<br />
<br />
== 3D Drucker ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3/de|Prusa i3]] (''Lizenz: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel/de]] (''Lizenz: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:P3Steel_Render.jpg|[[P3Steel]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wolfy.jpg|[[Wolfy]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Morgan_Pro2.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction/de|Prusa i3 Rework]] (''Lizenz: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos/de|Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''Lizenz: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:snowden.jpg|[[Prusa Snowden]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[Prusa XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Ei3.jpg |[[Prusa EI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HE3D-K200.jpg |[[K200]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HardyGrav1.png |[[HardyGraph]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:LabRap_1.0_Perspective.jpg|[[LabRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Sigma3D.jpg|[[Sigma3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:Garpom.jpg|[[Garpom]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:Tripteron_Full.png|[[Tripteron]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:maxresdefault.jpg|[[Blocks zero]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Valentia_3D_v0_3_open_with_spool.jpg|[[Valentia]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Chimera.jpg|[[Chimera]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:q3d_2.jpg|[[Q3d]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== CNC Router Maschinen ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:MaduixaCNCpic01.jpg|[[MaduixaCNC]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Roboterplattformen ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:RepArm_mk1.jpg |[[RepArm mk1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]] [[Category:Categories/de| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Machines/bg&diff=182450RepRap Machines/bg2018-05-21T12:07:36Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{Portal Header BG}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Тази страница е в процес на разработка и съдържа информация, която може да бъде премахната.<br />
<br />
== 3D Принтери ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3/bg|Prusa i3]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wolfy.jpg|[[Wolfy]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Morgan_Pro.png|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax/bg|MendelMax]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''лиценз: [[http://www.gnu.org/лицензs/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:snowden.jpg|[[Prusa Snowden]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[Prusa XI3]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HardyGrav1.png |[[HardyGraph]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:LabRap_1.0_Perspective.jpg|[[LabRap]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Sigma3D.jpg|[[Sigma3D]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== CNC Фрези ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''лиценз: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:MaduixaCNCpic01.jpg|[[MaduixaCNC]] (''лиценз: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Екструдери за нишка ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Machines&diff=182449RepRap Machines2018-05-21T12:07:17Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{Portal Header}}<br />
<br />
<br />
This page is a work in progress and contains information that might be removed<br />
<br />
== 3D Printers ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:P3Steel_Render.jpg|[[P3Steel]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wolfy.jpg|[[Wolfy]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Morgan_Pro2.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:snowden.jpg|[[Prusa Snowden]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[Prusa XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Ei3.jpg |[[Prusa EI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HE3D-K200.jpg |[[K200]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HardyGrav1.png |[[HardyGraph]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:LabRap_1.0_Perspective.jpg|[[LabRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Sigma3D.jpg|[[Sigma3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:Garpom.jpg|[[Garpom]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:Tripteron_Full.png|[[Tripteron]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:maxresdefault.jpg|[[Blocks zero]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Valentia_3D_v0_3_open_with_spool.jpg|[[Valentia]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Chimera.jpg|[[Chimera]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:q3d_2.jpg|[[Q3d]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Milling/Router Machines ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:MaduixaCNCpic01.jpg|[[MaduixaCNC]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Robotic Platforms ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:RepArm_mk1.jpg |[[RepArm mk1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/he&diff=182448RepRap Options/he2018-05-21T12:06:23Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap_Options}}<br />
<br />
דף זה מנסה לעשות קצת סדר, באופן כללי, של איך כל החלקים משתלבים יחד כדי ליצור RepRap.<br />
<br />
<div dir="rtl"><br />
דף זה מנסה לעשות קצת סדר, באופן כללי, של איך כל החלקים משתלבים יחד כדי ליצור RepRap.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
This page attempts to make some sense, in general, of how all the pieces fit together to create a RepRap.<br />
<br />
However, if you want to skip all this stuff and get straight to getting your hands dirty then your best bet is to take a look at [[The incomplete reprap beginner's guide]] and the [[build instructions]] category. In addition to those guides, you may also want to take a look at the links under the [[RepRap Options#Models|Models]] section below.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRap Component Structure.]]<br />
<br />
That being said, to get a higher-level overview, we must start with discussing the different models of repraps, then go on to the four main components of a reprap: <br />
* The software toolchain.<br />
* The electronics.<br />
* The mechanical body.<br />
* The extruder.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Models ==<br />
<br />
These days there are a growing number of many great and detailed [[build instructions]]<br />
for repraps! Click on the name below the pictures to see more about each design.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel|Prusa]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson.JPG|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:Cartesios.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90-front.JPG|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]], [[Creative Commons]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg|[[I3xl printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Foldarap_NB_409x453.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Software Toolchain ==<br />
<br />
The software toolchain can be roughly broken down into 3 parts:<br />
# CAD tools.<br />
# CAM tools.<br />
# Firmware for electronics.<br />
<br />
=== CAD Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Design, or CAD, tools are used to design 3D parts for printing.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:Computer-aided_design|CAD tools]] in the truest sense are designed to allow you to easily change and manipulate parts based on parameters. Sometimes CAD files are referred to as ''parametric'' files. They usually represent parts or assemblies in terms of [[Wikipedia:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry]], or CSG. Using CSG, parts can be represented as a tree of boolean operations performed on primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, etc. <br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|Free/Libre/Open Source Software]] (''[[Wikipedia:Alternative_terms_for_free_software|FLOSS]]'') applications that fall into this category would be [[OpenSCAD]], [[FreeCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]]. Examples of [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|proprietary]] and fully parametric CAD tools are [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (formerly PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]].<br />
<br />
Typically in such programs the geometry is stored in a feature tree where the dimensions can be modified numerically, and the geometry is then regenerated with great precision. The geometry is a mathematical representation where, for example, a circle is generated from its center, radius and plane parameters (hence, "parametric"). No matter how much you zoom in, a circle is still curved, and the CAD program has no problem finding its center when you click on it. This can be quite beneficial when making drawings with dimensions between the circle and sections that need to be concentrically removed.<br />
<br />
Another looser category of CAD tool would be apps that represent parts as a 3D [[Wikipedia:Polygon mesh|Polygon mesh]]. These applications are meant to be used more for special effects and artistic applications. They also seem to be a little more user-friendly. [[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|FLOSS]]-apps in this category would be [[Wikipedia:Blender_(software)|Blender]] and [[Wikipedia:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|Proprietary]] tools are [[Wikipedia:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:Google_Sketchup|Google Sketchup]] and more.<br />
<br />
Further, you can create forms with just a web-browser at certain websites, such as [http://tinkercad.com TinkerCAD.com] (easy) or [http://3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (more sophisticated), those permit you to download the resulting geometry.<br />
<br />
Some of the tools mentioned above also use parametric data to generate the geometries, but a lot just register the positions of the vertices of the polygons making up the models. Some use parameters to generate the geometry but then drops that data once the vertices are placed. A curve is thus actually an approximation, generated from a number of straight lines between points. As such, those tools are better suited for design where the precision of dimensions are less important than looks and ease of use.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
Most of the time 3D software apps save their files in an application-specific format, which in the case of proprietary CAD tools usually are frequently changed and heavily guarded trade secrets.<br />
<br />
There are very few interchangeable CAD [[File Formats|file formats]]. The two most widely used interchangeable CSG file formats are [[File Formats|STEP]] and [[File Formats|IGES]]. Both strip the geometries from parametric data and offer only "dead" solids. Features can be added and removed, but the base shape is locked. ''There is to date no industry-wide interchangeable file format that retain parametric data''.<br />
<br />
The most widely used interchangeable mesh file format is [[File Formats|STL]]. STL files are important because, as we will see below, they are used by CAM tools.<br />
<br />
Mesh files cannot be converted into CSG file formats because they contain no parametric data - only the coordinates of the polygon vertices that make up the solid volume. However, CSG file formats ''can'' be converted into mesh file formats. <br />
<br />
Thus, if you're designing a part, it's a good idea to design it using a CSG CAD application and save and distribute its original parametric file along with generated STL files.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Parametric file format<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP export format<br />
File:STL.png|STL mesh format<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, or CAM, tools handle the intermediate step of translating CAD files into a machine-friendly format used by the RepRap's electronics. More info is on the [[CAM Toolchains]] page.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
<br />
===== Slicing Software =====<br />
In order to turn a 3D part into a machine friendly format, CAM software needs an [[File Formats|STL]] file. The machine friendly format that is used for printing is called [[G-code]]. Early versions of RepRaps used a protocol called [[SNAPComms|SNAP]] but industry standard G-codes are now used. To Convert STL files to G-code, you can use one of the following programs: <br />
<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Still one of the best and highly recommended for accurate prints<br />
# [[Cura]] (Also includes G-Code sender)(Extremely fast and accurate)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Popular solution for most RepRappers)(Lots of bugs in every release)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Fast and accurate with very few bugs)(Closed source)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Online Slic3r solution)<br />
<br />
The STL to G-code conversion slices the part like salami, then looks at the cross section of each slice and figures out the path that the print head must travel in order to squirt out plastic, and calculates the amount of filament to feed through the extruder for the distance covered.<br />
<br />
(Normally you don't need to repair, edit or manipulate STL files directly, but if you do, you might find the software at [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files]] useful).<br />
<br />
===== G-code interpreter =====<br />
After you have your G-code file, you have to run it through a G-code interpreter. This reads each line of the file and sends the actual electronic signals to the motors to tell the RepRap how to move. There are two main G-code interpreter options:<br />
<br />
# A workstation program called [[EMC]] (or other CAM software) which controls the hardware directly or<br />
# The firmware on a RepRap's electronics platform with an integrated hardware interface that has a G-code interpreter <br />
<br />
===== G-code sender =====<br />
To send the G-code files to an integrated hardware interpreter, you need to either to:<br />
<br />
# Load the G-code file on an memory card (typically SD card) if supported.<br />
# Drip-feed the G-codes (usually a line at a time) over a serial port (RS-232 or TTL level, often used with a USB converter) or a direct USB connection using one of the following programs on your workstation:<br />
<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Printrun]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
<br />
Some of the options are cross platform while others will only work with certain operating systems or prefer specific integrated firmware interpreters.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
The main files use by CAM tools are [[File Formats|STL]] and [[File Formats|G-code]] files. CAM tools convert STL files into G-code files. The official STL files for [[Mendel]] are stored in the reprap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] repository. To get a copy of these files, run the following commands in ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://reprap.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/reprap/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
This will create a directory full of STL files that you can then give to your neighbor that already has a reprap and they can print out the parts for you. You will also notice that this directory contains [[File Types|AoI files]]. These files are for [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. It is the CAD application that was used to design the parts and then save them as STL files.<br />
<br />
=== Firmware ===<br />
Reprap electronics are controlled by an inexpensive CPU such as the Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what Arduino-based microcontrollers use. These processors are very wimpy compared to even the average 10 to 15 year old PC you find in the dump nowadays. However, these ''are'' CPUs so they do run primitive software. This primitive software they run is the Reprap's ''firmware''.<br />
<br />
Of the entire software chain that makes the Reprap work, the firmware portion of it is the closest you get to actual programming. Technically, the term for what you are doing with firmware is called [[Wikipedia:Cross compiler|cross compiling]]. <br />
<br />
This process more or less consists of the following steps:<br />
# Install the [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] on your PC.<br />
# Download some firmware source code from a website.<br />
# Make some minor changes to the source code to specify what hardware you have.<br />
# Compile the firmware using the Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]].<br />
# Connect the controller to your PC via a USB cable.<br />
# Upload the firmware to your controller's CPU.<br />
<br />
==== G-codes ====<br />
After your microcontroller has its firmware loaded, it is ready to accept [[G-code]]s via the software-emulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port RS-232 serial port] (aka COM port). This port shows up when you plug in your arduino to the PC via USB. You can either use a program to send these G-codes over the serial port or you can type them in by hand if you fire up a plain-old terminal application like hyperterm or minicom. If you use a program, they generally take files in [[File Formats|gcode]] format.<br />
<br />
For all available firmwares see ''[[List of Firmware]]''. The following is a brief list of the most popular firmware:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
To compile and upload firmware to your arduino-based electronics, you use the arduino IDE that you can download from the arduino website.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
The firmware files are usually packaged as source code for an Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] project. Arduino source code consists of a bunch of [[File Formats|PDE]] (or as of Arduino ver 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) files along with some extra <tt>.cpp</tt> and <tt>.h</tt> files thrown in. The Arduino IDE compiles the source code into a single <tt>.hex</tt>file. When you click on the upload icon in the Arduino IDE, it uploades the .hex file to the electronics.<br />
<br />
<br />
== More Info ==<br />
In a nutshell, here's a short summary of everything above except CAD software:<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== Electronics ==<br />
<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
In general, all reprap electronics are broken down into 5 different areas:<br />
<br />
==== The controller ==== <br />
The controller is the brains of the reprap. Almost all reprap controllers are based on the work of the [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] microcontroller. While a lot of variations exist, they are exchangeable and basically all do the same thing. Sometimes the controller is a stand-alone circuit board with chips on it, sometimes the controller is an [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] with an add-on board (called a 'shield'). Find more at [[List of electronics]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Motors ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor]] is a type of electric motor that can be accurately controlled with the controller. Most repraps use 4 to 5 stepper motors. 3 to 4 motors control the x/y/z axis movement (sometimes the z axis is controlled by 2 motors) and 1 motor is used per [[extruder]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Drivers ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|stepper driver]] is a chip that acts as a kind of middle-man between a stepper motor and the controller. It simplifies the signals that need to be sent to the stepper motor in order to get it to move. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on separate circuit boards that are linked to the controller via cables. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on small circuit boards that plug directly into the controller itself. In this case, the controller will have space for at least 4 of these small circuit boards (one for each stepper motor). <br />
<br />
Finally, sometimes the stepper drivers are soldered right onto the controller itself.<br />
<br />
==== End stops ==== <br />
An [[end stop]] is a very small and simple circuit board with a switch of some sort on it that tells the reprap when it has moved too far in one direction. Thus, there's normally 6 of these: 2 for each axis. A single end stop connects via wires to either: <br />
# The controller. <br />
# A stepper driver board.<br />
<br />
==== Heated Bed ==== <br />
The print bed is what the RepRap extrudes plastic onto, where the plastic parts are built up.<br />
<br />
While a [[heated bed]] is considered to an optional component of a reprap, it often becomes a necessary and integral part of operating a RepRap over the long-term because, without a heated bed, parts have a tendency to cool down too quickly. This results in warping of corners (as the plastic shrinks while cooling) or the part physically detaching from the print bed too early, ruining the print. <br />
<br />
Heated beds operate on the same principle as a kitchen toaster. They're just giant resistors with a temperature sensor. See also:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]<br />
<br />
=== More Info ===<br />
To see more details about reprap electronics, take a look at the [[List of electronics]] page.<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== X/Y/Z Axis Motion ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a reprap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is genearally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most repraps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== Belts and Pulleys ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your reprap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stand for "mini extra-light". Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08". You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. They are a proprietary technology and unlike the MXL and T5 belts, GT2 belts have round teeth with very low backlash. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fibre braided fishing line is quickly becoming a polular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implemendotation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most repraps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original reprap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most repraps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== Extruder ==<br />
The extruder is responsible for feeding [[filament]] through a nozzle and melting it as it's deposited onto the bed where the part is made.<br />
<br />
The extruder consists of two parts:<br />
# The cold end<br />
# The hot end<br />
<br />
Normally, the "Cold End" is connected to the "Hot End" across a thermal break or insulator. This has to be rigid and accurate enough to reliably pass the filament from one side to the other, but still prevent much of the heat transfer. The materials of choice are usually PEEK plastic with PTFE liners or PTFE with stainless steel mechanical supports or a combination of all three. <br />
<br />
However, there also exist [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Bowden Extruders]] which separate the hot end from the cold end by a long tube. Bowden extruders are much faster because they are much lighter.<br />
<br />
==== Cold End ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also. In reality, it's only half of the entire extruder mechanism. The cold end is the part that mechanically feeds material to the hot end, which in turn melts it. <br />
<br />
Popular cold ends are:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
<br />
==== Hot End ====<br />
The hot end is the part of the extruder that melts the extruded material (usually PLA or ABS). In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor that heats up like crazy so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] which measures the temperature of the metal tube<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of juice that goes through the resistor.<br />
<br />
Popular hot ends are:<br />
* [[J-head]]<br />
* [[LulzBot/Budaschnozzle|Budaschnozzle]]<br />
<br />
==== Filament ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS stinks and warps but is pretty strong like legos and PLA smells like waffles and is biodegradable (supposedly - I've heard that you'll have to put it in the middle of a super hot compost pile before it even tries to degrade)<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a feedback algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It's basically an equation for evening out something that tends to oscillate. <br />
<br />
For example, if you're driving your car down the highway, you're doing PID because you're constantly adjusting the steering wheel a little bit at a time so your car maintains a straight line. If you do it a little bit at a time, it goes pretty straight. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You'll still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/he]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/ja&diff=182447RepRap Options/ja2018-05-21T12:05:55Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
このページではRepRapの造り方について記述します。<br />
<br />
ただ、この内容をとばして造り出したいのであれば、[[The incomplete reprap beginner's guide]]と[[build instructions]] に行きましょう。 [[RepRap Options#Models|Models]]の下部を見るのもおすすめです。<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRapの構造]]<br />
<br />
よく理解するためにRepRapの様々な型を知ることから始めて、それからRepRap四大テーマについて記述します。<br />
* ソフト関連<br />
* 電装系<br />
* 本体<br />
* 射出機構<br />
<br />
<br />
==型の例==<br />
<br />
最近はRepRapの設計例が多数公開されています[[build instructions]]。それぞれについては各画像をクリック。<br />
<br />
販売キットを避けるなら[[RepStrap]]と言うのもあります。<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==ソフト関連==<br />
<br />
ソフトは大きく分けて3種類<br />
# CAD<br />
# CAM<br />
# 電装系プログラム<br />
<br />
=== CAD ===<br />
CAD(Computer Aided Design)とは3Dプリンタで印刷するための設計図を作るソフト。<br />
<br />
==== ソフト ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:ja:CAD|CAD]] in the truest sense are designed to allow you to easily change and manipulate parts based on parameters. Sometimes CAD files are referred to as ''parametric'' files. They usually represent parts or assemblies in terms of [[Wikipedia:ja:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry]], or CSG. Using CSG, parts can be represented as a tree of boolean operations performed on primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, etc. <br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:ja:FLOSS|Free/Libre/Open Source Software]] (''[[Wikipedia:ja:FLOSS|FLOSS]]'') applications that fall into this category would be [[OpenSCAD|OpenSCAD(en)]], [[FreeCAD|FreeCAD(en)]] and [[Wikipedia:ja:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more(en)]]. Examples of [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|proprietary]] and fully parametric CAD tools are [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (formerly PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]].<br />
<br />
Typically in such programs the geometry is stored in a feature tree where the dimensions can be modified numerically, and the geometry is then regenerated with great precision. The geometry is a mathematical representation where, for example, a circle is generated from its center, radius and plane parameters (hence, "parametric"). No matter how much you zoom in, a circle is still curved, and the CAD program has no problem finding its center when you click on it. This can be quite beneficial when making drawings with dimensions between the circle and sections that need to be concentrically removed.<br />
<br />
Another looser category of CAD tool would be apps that represent parts as a 3D [[Wikipedia:Polygon mesh|Polygon mesh]]. These applications are meant to be used more for special effects and artistic applications. They also seem to be a little more user-friendly. [[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|FLOSS]]-apps in this category would be [[Wikipedia:Blender_(software)|Blender]] and [[Wikipedia:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|Proprietary]] tools are [[Wikipedia:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:Google_Sketchup|Google Sketchup]] and more.<br />
<br />
Further, you can create forms with just a web-browser at certain websites, such as [http://tinkercad.com TinkerCAD.com] (easy) or [http://3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (more sophisticated), those permit you to download the resulting geometry.<br />
<br />
Some of the tools mentioned above also use parametric data to generate the geometries, but a lot just register the positions of the vertices of the polygons making up the models. Some use parameters to generate the geometry but then drops that data once the vertices are placed. A curve is thus actually an approximation, generated from a number of straight lines between points. As such, those tools are better suited for design where the precision of dimensions are less important than looks and ease of use.<br />
<br />
==== ファイル形式 ====<br />
Most of the time 3D software apps save their files in an application-specific format, which in the case of proprietary CAD tools usually are frequently changed and heavily guarded trade secrets.<br />
<br />
There are very few interchangeable CAD [[File Formats|file formats]]. The two most widely used interchangeable CSG file formats are [[File Formats|STEP]] and [[File Formats|IGES]]. Both strip the geometries from parametric data and offer only "dead" solids. Features can be added and removed, but the base shape is locked. ''There is to date no industry-wide interchangeable file format that retain parametric data''.<br />
<br />
The most widely used interchangeable mesh file format is [[File Formats|STL]]. STL files are important because, as we will see below, they are used by CAM tools.<br />
<br />
Mesh files cannot be converted into CSG file formats because they contain no parametric data - only the coordinates of the polygon vertices that make up the solid volume. However, CSG file formats ''can'' be converted into mesh file formats. <br />
<br />
Thus, if you're designing a part, it's a good idea to design it using a CSG CAD application and save and distribute its original parametric file along with generated STL files.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Parametric file format<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP export format<br />
File:STL.png|STL mesh format<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, or CAM, tools handle the intermediate step of translating CAD files into a machine-friendly format used by the RepRap's electronics. More info is on the [[CAM Toolchains]] page.<br />
<br />
==== ソフト ====<br />
<br />
===== スライス作成ソフト =====<br />
In order to turn a 3D part into a machine friendly format, CAM software needs an [[File Formats|STL]] file. The machine friendly format that is used for printing is called [[G-code]]. Early versions of RepRaps used a protocol called [[SNAPComms|SNAP]] but industry standard G-codes are now used. To Convert STL files to G-code, you can use one of the following programs: <br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Fast and full featured - works with [[MatterControl]])(open source)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Still one of the best and highly recommended for accurate prints<br />
# [[Cura]] (Also includes G-Code sender)(Extremely fast and accurate)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Popular solution for most RepRappers)(Lots of bugs in every release)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Fast and accurate with very few bugs)(Closed source)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Online Slic3r solution)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (All-In-One Paid Suite)<br />
<br />
The STL to G-code conversion slices the part like salami, then looks at the cross section of each slice and figures out the path that the print head must travel in order to squirt out plastic, and calculates the amount of filament to feed through the extruder for the distance covered.<br />
<br />
(Normally you don't need to repair, edit or manipulate STL files directly, but if you do, you might find the software at [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files]] useful).<br />
<br />
===== G-codeインタプリタ =====<br />
After you have your G-code file, you have to run it through a G-code interpreter. This reads each line of the file and sends the actual electronic signals to the motors to tell the RepRap how to move. There are two main G-code interpreter options:<br />
<br />
# A workstation program called [[EMC]] (or other CAM software) which controls the hardware directly or<br />
# The firmware on a RepRap's electronics platform with an integrated hardware interface that has a G-code interpreter <br />
<br />
===== G-codeの送信 =====<br />
To send the G-code files to an integrated hardware interpreter, you need to either to:<br />
<br />
# Load the G-code file on an memory card (typically SD card) if supported.<br />
# Drip-feed the G-codes (usually a line at a time) over a serial port (RS-232 or TTL level, often used with a USB converter) or a direct USB connection using one of the following programs on your workstation:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
Some of the options are cross platform while others will only work with certain operating systems or prefer specific integrated firmware interpreters.<br />
<br />
==== パーツファイル ====<br />
The main files use by CAM tools are [[File Formats|STL]] and [[File Formats|G-code]] files. CAM tools convert STL files into G-code files. The official STL files for [[Mendel]] are stored in the reprap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] repository. To get a copy of these files, run the following commands in ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
This will create a directory full of STL files that you can then give to your neighbor that already has a reprap and they can print out the parts for you. You will also notice that this directory contains [[File Types|AoI files]]. These files are for [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. It is the CAD application that was used to design the parts and then save them as STL files.<br />
<br />
=== ファームウエア ===<br />
Reprap electronics are controlled by an inexpensive CPU such as the Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what Arduino-based microcontrollers use. These processors are very wimpy compared to even the average 10 to 15 year old PC you find in the dump nowadays. However, these ''are'' CPUs so they do run primitive software. This primitive software they run is the Reprap's ''firmware''.<br />
<br />
Of the entire software chain that makes the Reprap work, the firmware portion of it is the closest you get to actual programming. Technically, the term for what you are doing with firmware is called [[Wikipedia:Cross compiler|cross compiling]]. <br />
<br />
This process more or less consists of the following steps:<br />
# Install the [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] on your PC.<br />
# Download some firmware source code from a website.<br />
# Make some minor changes to the source code to specify what hardware you have.<br />
# Compile the firmware using the Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]].<br />
# Connect the controller to your PC via a USB cable.<br />
# Upload the firmware to your controller's CPU.<br />
<br />
==== G-code ====<br />
After your microcontroller has its firmware loaded, it is ready to accept [[G-code]]s via the software-emulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port RS-232 serial port] (aka COM port). This port shows up when you plug in your arduino to the PC via USB. You can either use a program to send these G-codes over the serial port or you can type them in by hand if you fire up a plain-old terminal application like hyperterm or minicom. If you use a program, they generally take files in [[File Formats|gcode]] format.<br />
<br />
For all available firmwares see ''[[List of Firmware]]''. The following is a brief list of the most popular firmware:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
<br />
==== ソフト ====<br />
To compile and upload firmware to your arduino-based electronics, you use the arduino IDE that you can download from the arduino website.<br />
<br />
==== ファイル形式 ====<br />
The firmware files are usually packaged as source code for an Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] project. Arduino source code consists of a bunch of [[File Formats|PDE]] (or as of Arduino ver 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) files along with some extra <tt>.cpp</tt> and <tt>.h</tt> files thrown in. The Arduino IDE compiles the source code into a single <tt>.hex</tt>file. When you click on the upload icon in the Arduino IDE, it uploades the .hex file to the electronics.<br />
<br />
<br />
== 追加情報 ==<br />
CAD以外の要約は下記<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== 電装系 ==<br />
<br />
=== 概論 ===<br />
In general, all reprap electronics are broken down into 5 different areas:<br />
<br />
==== コントローラ ==== <br />
The controller is the brains of the reprap. Almost all reprap controllers are based on the work of the [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] microcontroller. While a lot of variations exist, they are exchangeable and basically all do the same thing. Sometimes the controller is a stand-alone circuit board with chips on it, sometimes the controller is an [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] with an add-on board (called a 'shield'). Find more at [[List of electronics]].<br />
<br />
==== ステップモータ ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor]] is a type of electric motor that can be accurately controlled with the controller. Most repraps use 4 to 5 stepper motors. 3 to 4 motors control the x/y/z axis movement (sometimes the z axis is controlled by 2 motors) and 1 motor is used per [[extruder]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Drivers ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|stepper driver]] is a chip that acts as a kind of middle-man between a stepper motor and the controller. It simplifies the signals that need to be sent to the stepper motor in order to get it to move. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on separate circuit boards that are linked to the controller via cables. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on small circuit boards that plug directly into the controller itself. In this case, the controller will have space for at least 4 of these small circuit boards (one for each stepper motor). <br />
<br />
Finally, sometimes the stepper drivers are soldered right onto the controller itself.<br />
<br />
==== End stops ==== <br />
An [[end stop]] is a very small and simple circuit board with a switch of some sort on it that tells the reprap when it has moved too far in one direction. Thus, there's normally 6 of these: 2 for each axis (Most firmware include software settings for max position, which allows for only the min position endstops to be required). A single end stop connects via wires to either: <br />
# The controller. <br />
# A stepper driver board.<br />
<br />
==== ヒートベッド ==== <br />
The print bed is what the RepRap extrudes plastic onto, where the plastic parts are built up.<br />
<br />
While a [[heated bed]] is considered to an optional component of a reprap, it often becomes a necessary and integral part of operating a RepRap over the long-term because, without a heated bed, parts have a tendency to cool down too quickly. This results in warping of corners (as the plastic shrinks while cooling) or the part physically detaching from the print bed too early, ruining the print. <br />
<br />
Heated beds operate on the same principle as a kitchen toaster. They're just giant resistors with a temperature sensor. See also:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]<br />
<br />
=== 追加情報 ===<br />
RepRapの電装系についてもっと知りたいときは[[List of electronics]]を参照。<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== 3次元の挙動 ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a reprap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most repraps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== ベルトとプリー ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your reprap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most repraps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original reprap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most repraps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== 射出機 ==<br />
The extruder is responsible for feeding [[filament]] through a nozzle and melting it as it's deposited onto the bed where the part is made.<br />
<br />
The extruder consists of two parts:<br />
# The cold end<br />
# The hot end<br />
<br />
Normally, the "Cold End" is connected to the "Hot End" across a thermal break or insulator. This has to be rigid and accurate enough to reliably pass the filament from one side to the other, but still prevent much of the heat transfer. The materials of choice are usually PEEK plastic with PTFE liners or PTFE with stainless steel mechanical supports or a combination of all three. <br />
<br />
However, there also exist [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Bowden Extruders]] which separate the hot end from the cold end by a long tube. Bowden extruders are much faster because they are much lighter.<br />
<br />
==== 冷端 ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also. In reality, it's only half of the entire extruder mechanism. The cold end is the part that mechanically feeds material to the hot end, which in turn melts it. <br />
<br />
Popular cold ends are:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== 温端 ====<br />
: See also [[Hot End Design Theory]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== フィラメント ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS stinks and warps but is pretty strong like legos and PLA smells like waffles and is biodegradable (supposedly - I've heard that you'll have to put it in the middle of a super hot compost pile before it even tries to degrade). ABS fumes are also not good for your health. ABS will bend before it breaks and PLA is tougher but when it goes, it breaks. So, if you need a gear for instance, use PLA because it will keep it's shape better.<br />
<br />
=== PIDについて ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/ja]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/it&diff=182446RepRap Options/it2018-05-21T12:05:20Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
== Vista complessiva di una RepRap ==<br />
(****28/03/2015 IN COSTRUZIONE ****)<br />
<br />
Questa pagina offre una visione generale delle parti che compongono una RepRap.<br />
<br />
Tuttavia se si desidera passare immediatamente alla costruzione si possono visitare, per maggiori informazioni, le pagine "[[The incomplete RepRap beginner's guide]]" e "[[Build_instructions]]". Per ulteriori informazioni si possono anche visitare le pagine accessibili attraverso i link riportati nella sezione [[RepRap Options/it#Modelli|Modelli]] presente in questa pagina.<br />
<br />
[[File:Struttura RepRap.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|Moduli di una RepRap.]]<br />
<br />
Per avere una visione generale di una stampante RepRap è utile dare uno sguardo ai vari modelli riportati più avanti nella pagina per poi esaminare più in dettaglio i quattro moduli principali.<br />
<br />
* Gli strumenti software.<br />
* I componenti elettronici.<br />
* Le parti meccaniche.<br />
* L'estrusore.<br />
<br />
== Modelli ==<br />
<br />
L'universo RepRap è in costante espansione, di seguito sono riportati alcuni modelli. <br />
Fate click sul nome del modello scelto, riportato sotto l'immagine, per aprire una pagina dove è viene descritto in modo approfondito.<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:Towersimple.jpg|[[TowerSimple]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimple]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''licenza:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''licenza: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:KunPrinter-K86.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas 3D Printer]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== '''Strumenti software''' ==<br />
<br />
I software necessari all'uso di una RepRap possono essere suddivisi in tre gruppi:<br />
<br />
# Strumenti CAD<br />
# Strumenti CAM<br />
# Firmware di controllo per i componenti elettronici<br />
<br />
<br />
'''== Strumenti CAD =='''<br />
<br />
Con l'acronimo C.A.D. (Computer Aided Design) si identificano tutti quei programmi che mettono a disposizione gli strumenti necessari alla realizzare dei disegni tecnici degli oggetti da stampare.<br />
<br />
== Software ==<br />
Per [[Wikipedia:Computer-aided_design|Strumenti CAD]] si intendono tutti quei programmi che permettono di creare o modificare il progetto di un oggetto, o parti di esso, per mezzo di strumenti grafici definiti all'interno dei programmi stessi. Il metodo di rappresentazione più comunemente usato è il C.S.G. o [[Wikipedia:Constructive solid geometry|Geometria Solida Costruttiva]]. Utilizzando questo metodo gli oggetti possono essere rappresentati come una sequenza di operazioni booleane eseguite su forme geometriche semplici, dette primitive, come cubi, sfere, cilindri, piramidi, etc...<br />
<br />
I programmi CAD si dividono in due principali categorie:<br />
<br />
Free/Libre/Open Source Software (F.L.O.S.S Software).<br />
Tra i programmi che ricadono in questa categoria possiamo citare OpenSCAD, FreeCAD, HeeksCAD e molti altri.<br />
<br />
Proprietari e totalmente parametrici. <br />
In questa categoria possiamo citare PTC Creo (precedentemente chiamato PTC Pro/Engineer), Dassault Solidworks, Autodesk Inventor e molti altri.<br />
<br />
Normalmente in questi programmi le caratteristiche geometriche di un'oggetto sono memorizzate in una struttura ad albero dove i valori numerici delle singole proprietà possono essere modificate dall'operatore: una volta modificate l'oggetto è ridisegnato nuovamente dal programma mantenendo sempre la massima precisione. Per rappresentazione geometrica si intende un modo di rappresentare l'oggetto in modo matematico, per esempio di un disco vengono memorizzate le coordinate del centro, la dimensione del raggio, il tipo di linea, lo spessore ed il colore della linea che deliminta la circonferenza ecc. ecc. Da questo modo di descrivere gli oggetti deriva l'aggettivo "parametrico". Non importa quanto ingrandiamo o riduciamo le dimensioni dell'oggetto perchè il programma lo rappresenterà sempre con la massima pecisione, il cerchio creato dai parametri descrittivi avrà le stesse caratteristiche del cerchio originale ed il programma CAD non avrà problemi a trovare il suo centro quando si fa click su di esso. Questa caratteristica risulta molto utile per esempio quando si devono rimuovere delle sezioni concentriche da un cerchio disegnato.<br />
Un'altra ampia categoria di strumenti CAD sono tutti quei programmi che permettono di rappresentare in 3D gli oggetti disegnati. Queste applicazioni tipicamente sono usate per rappresentare in 3D oggetti non ancora esistenti, per esempio per vedere come verrà il progetto di una casa o di un'auto o per realizzare effetti speciali e opere artistiche. Tra i programmi che appartengono alla categoria "F.L.O.S.S." possiamo citare Blender e Art of Illusion, mentre della categoria "proprietari" possiamo citare Autodesk 3D Studio Max, Autodesk Alias, Google SketchUP e molti altri.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/it]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/fr&diff=182445RepRap Options/fr2018-05-21T12:04:52Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap_Options}}<br />
<br />
''' /!\ Page en cours de traduction /!\ <br />
'''<br />
----<br />
<br />
Cette page a pour but de présenter la manière dont tous les éléments nécessaires pour créer une RepRap s'articulent les uns avec les autres.<br />
<br />
Cette étape est facultative, et si vous souhaitez passer immédiatement à la pratique, alors le mieux est d'aller directement consulter le [[The incomplete reprap beginner's guide/fr|guide incomplet du débutant RepRap]] et la catégorie concernant les [[build instructions|instructions de montage]]. Par ailleurs, vous pouvez également consulter les liens de la section [[#Modèles|Modèles]] ci-dessous.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap Component Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|Structure des composants d'une RepRap]]<br />
<br />
Cela étant dit, pour obtenir une vue plus globale, nous commençons ici par présenter les différents modèles de RepRaps, ainsi que les quatre composants principaux d'une RepRap :<br />
* La chaîne d'outils logiciel,<br />
* L'électronique,<br />
* La structure mécanique,<br />
* L'extrudeur.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Modèles ==<br />
<br />
Le nombre d'[[build instructions|instructions de montage]] détaillées et de qualité pour les RepRaps va grandissant. Cliquez sur les noms sous les images pour en savoir plus sur chaque modèle.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel|Prusa]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:Share-alike|CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:Cartesios.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:Share-alike|CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:Share-alike|CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:Share-alike|CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90-front.JPG|[[Mendel90]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:GNU General Public License|GPL]], [http://www.creativecommons.org/ Creative Commons]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:Share-alike|CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Chaine d'outils logiciels ==<br />
<br />
La chaine d'outils logiciels peut être grossièrement découpé en 3 parties :<br />
# Logiciels de CAO,<br />
# Logiciels de FAO,<br />
# Firmware pour l'électronique embarqué.<br />
<br />
=== Outils de CAO ===<br />
Les logiciels de Conception Assisté par Ordinateur, ou CAO (CAD en anglais), sont utilisés pour dessiner les pièces en 3D.<br />
''Voir l'article sur Wikipédia : [[Wikipedia:fr:Conception assistée par ordinateur|Conception assisté par ordinateur]]''<br />
<br />
==== Logiciels de CAO ====<br />
Les outils de CAO sont destinés à manipuler facilement des pièces en 3D décrites par un ensemble de paramètres. C'est pour cela que l'on parle parfois de fichiers ''paramétriques''. Les pièces sont généralement représentées par un ensemble de paramètres de [[Wikipedia:fr:Géométrie de construction de solides|géométrie de construction de solides]] (GCS). Les paramètres GCS permettent de représenter les pièces sous la forme d'un graphe d'opérations booléennes appliquées à des formes primitives telles des cubes, des sphères, des cylindres, etc.<br />
<br />
Les applications [[Wikipedia:fr:Free/Libre Open Source Software|free/libre/open-source software (FLOSS)]] appartenant à cette catégorie sont par exemple [[OpenSCAD]] ou [[FreeCAD]]. Concernant les logiciels propriétaires, il existe notamment [[Wikipedia:fr:SolidWorks|SolidWorks]] ou [[Wikipedia:fr:Autodesk Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]]. Voir une liste plus complète de ces logiciels [[Wikipedia:fr:Liste des logiciels CAO pour l'architecture, l'ingénierie et la construction|ici]].<br />
<br />
En général, dans ces logiciels, la géométrie est stockée sous la forme d'un graphe dont les dimensions peuvent être modifiées de manière chiffrée, permettant de générer les formes géométriques avec la plus grande précision. Les formes géométriques sont des représentations mathématiques dans lesquelles, par exemple, un cercle sera représenté par les paramètres que sont son centre et son rayon. Peu importe le niveau de zoome, le cercle restera un cercle.<br />
<br />
Il existe une autre catégorie de programmes de CAO, qui représentent les pièces sous la forme de [[Wikipedia:fr:Mesh (Objet)|mailles de polygones]]. Ces applications sont en général plus utilisées pour les effets spéciaux ou dans les arts. Cette catégorie d'application regroupe notamment [[Wikipedia:fr:Blender|Blender]] ou [[Wikipedia:fr:Art of Illusion|Art of Illusion]] pour les applications libres, ou encore [[Wikipedia:fr:Autodesk 3ds Max|Autodesk]] et [[Wikipedia:fr:SketchU|SketchUp]] pour les applications propriétaires.<br />
<br />
Par ailleurs, il est également possible de créer des pièces directement sur Internet, en via des sites web tels [tinkercad.com tinkerCAD.com] (approche aisée) ou [3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (plus sophistiqué), qui permettent de télécharger la géométrie générée immédiatement.<br />
<br />
Certains des outils mentionnés plus haut utilisent des données paramétriques pour générer les formes géométriques, mais la plupart d'entre eux se contentent d'enregistrer la position des vertex des polygones composant les modèles. Certains utilisent des paramètres pour générer la géométrie, mais oublient ces données une fois la géométrie générée, se contentant de se souvenir des vertex produits. Les courbes sont donc approximées par un ensemble de lignes droites reliant des points. Dans ces conditions, ces outils sont mieux adaptés aux usages pour lesquels la facilité d'utilisation prime sur la précision.<br />
<br />
==== Formats de fichier ====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
=== Outils de FAO ===<br />
Les logiciels de Fabrication Assisté par Ordinateur, ou FAO (CAM en anglais), ont pour but de traduire les fichiers CAO en language machine utilisé par l'électronique des RepRap.<br />
<br />
==== Logiciel de FAO ====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
===== Logiciel de découpe en tranche =====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
===== Interpréteur de G-code =====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
===== Envoyeur de G-code =====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
==== Format de fichier ====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
=== Firmware ===<br />
L'électronique d'une RepRap est piloté par un processeur bon marché comme le processeur [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmel_AVR AVR d'Atmel]. Les processeurs Atmel sont ceux qu'utilisent les cartes Arduino. Ces processeurs sont un peu poussifs, même comparé aux vieux PC de 10 ou 15 ans qu'on trouve dans les poubelles maintenant. Peu importe, ce ''sont'' des processeurs, donc ils savent faire tourner des programmes basiques. Ce programme basique qu'ils font tourner est le ''firmware'' de la RepRap. <br />
<br />
De toute la chaîne de programmes qui fait fonctionner une RepRap, la portion qu'est le firmware est la plus proche de la programmation au sens propre. Techniquement, le terme pour ce que vous faites avec le firmware est appelé [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilateur#Compilation_crois.C3.A9e compilation croisée].<br />
<br />
Ce processus se déroule plus ou moins suivant ces étapes :<br />
# Installé l'[http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software IDE Arduino] sur votre PC.<br />
# Télécharger des codes sources de firmware d'un site web.<br />
# Faites des modifications mineurs au code source pour spécifier quel matériel vous avez.<br />
# Compilez le firmware en utilisant l'[[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] d'Arduino.<br />
# Connectez le contrôleur à votre PC avec un câble USB.<br />
# Charger le firmware dans le processeur de votre contrôleur.<br />
<br />
==== G-codes ====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
==== Logiciel du firmware ====<br />
Pour compiler et charger le firmware sur votre électronique à base d'Arduino, il faut utiliser l'IDE Arduino que vous pouvez télécharger sur le site web Arduino.<br />
<br />
==== Fichiers du firmware ====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
== Electronique ==<br />
=== Vue générale ===<br />
En général, tous les électroniques de RepRap sont divisés en 5 différentes parties :<br />
<br />
==== Le contrôleur ====<br />
Le contrôleur est le cerveau de la RepRap. A peu près tous les contrôleurs de RepRap sont basés sur le micro-contrôleur [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]]. Bien que de nombreuses variations existes, elles sont interchangeable et basiquement font la même chose. Parfois, le contrôleur est un circuit autonome avec des puces dessus, parfois le contrôleur est un [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] avec une carte ajouté dessus appelé 'shield'. Pour en voir plus sur le sujet, consultez la [[List of electronics|liste des électroniques]].<br />
<br />
==== Moteurs pas à pas ====<br />
Un [[stepper motor|moteur pas à pas]] est un type de moteur électrique qui peut être contrôlé avec précision à l'aide d'un contrôleur. La plus part des RepRaps utilisent 4 à 5 moteurs pas à pas. 3 à 4 moteurs contrôlent les mouvement des axes x/y/z (parfois l'axe z est contrôlé par 2 moteurs) et 1 moteur pour contrôle l'[[extruder|extrudeur]].<br />
<br />
==== Contrôleur de moteur pas à pas ====<br />
Un [[Stepper_motor_driver|contrôleur de moteur pas à pas]] est un circuit qui a le rôle d'interface entre le contrôleur et le moteur pas à pas. Il permet de simplifier le signal envoyé par le contrôleur pour ensuite le convertir en un signal qui donne les ordres de mouvement adapté au moteur.<br />
<br />
On peut voir les contrôleurs de moteur pas à pas parfois :<br />
* sur des cartes séparés qui sont liés au contrôleur par des câbles.<br />
* sur de petites cartes que l'ont branche directement sur le contrôleur lui-même. Dans ce cas, le contrôleur aura la place pour au moins 4 de ces petites circuits (un pour chaque moteur pas à pas).<br />
* soudés directement sur la carte du contrôleur lui-même. Cette option ne sera pas à privilégier pour une RepRap à stade expérimental.<br />
<br />
==== Fins de courses ====<br />
Un [[end stop|fin de course]] est un circuit très petit et simple avec une sorte d'interrupteur dessus qui signalera à l'imprimante si elle se déplace trop loin dans une direction. Il y en a normalement 6 : 2 sur chaque axe. Une fin de course est connecté par des fils soit :<br />
* au contrôleur.<br />
* au contrôleur de moteur pas à pas.<br />
<br />
==== Le plateau d'impression ====<br />
Le plateau d'impression est sur quoi la RepRap extrude le plastique, où la pièce plastique est construite.<br />
<br />
Bien qu'un [[heated bed|lit chauffant]] est considéré comme optionnel sur une RepRap, il devient souvent nécessaire voir partie intégrante d'une RepRap opérationnel sur le long terme. Sans lit chauffant, les pièces ont tendance à refroidir trop vite. Cela a pour effet de déformer les coins (comme le plastique se rétracte en se refroidissant) ou les pièces se détachent trop tôt du plateau d'impression durant l'impression.<br />
<br />
Le lit chauffant fonctionne suivant le même principe qu'une grille pain. C'est juste une grande résistance avec un capteur de température. voir également :<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed|Lit chauffant PCB]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg Schéma de cablage d'une RAMPS 1.2].<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly|Article sur l'assemblage du lit chauffant d'une Prusa Mendel]]<br />
* [http://reprappro.com/documentation/RepRapPro_Tricolour_heatbed_assembly Article plus récent sur la RepRap pro Tricolor]<br />
<br />
==== Les ventilateurs ====<br />
... à écrire ...<br />
<br />
=== Plus d'info ===<br />
Pour plus d'information sur l'électronique des RepRap, consultez la [[List of electronics|liste des électroniques]].<br />
<br />
== Partie Mécanique ==<br />
Quand on parle de la partie mécanique, cela peut généralement être séparé en 2 parties :<br />
# Entrainement des axes X,Y et Z<br />
# Le plateau d'impression<br />
<br />
=== Axes de déplacement X/Y/Z ===<br />
Quand on fait face à la RepRap :<br />
* L'axe X est le déplacement de la gauche vers la droite.<br />
* L'axe Y est le déplacement du fond vers l'avant.<br />
* L'axe Z est le déplacement du bas vers le haut.<br />
<br />
Les mouvements linéaires sont généralement accomplies en utilisant une des 2 méthodes suivant :<br />
# Poulies et courroie cranté.<br />
# Tige fileté ou vis d'entrainement.<br />
<br />
Poulies et courroies sont bons pour les déplacements rapides avec de faibles masses en mouvement. Alors que la vis sans fin est plus destiné aux mouvements lents transmettant de la force. La plupart des RepRap utilisent une combinaison de courroies pour X/Y et des tiges filetés pour Z.<br />
<br />
==== Courroies et Poulies ====<br />
Quand on parle de précision, le plus important dans votre RepRap est l'ensemble poulie/courroie. L'état actuel de l'art est la courroie GT2, combiné avec une poulie usinée qui correspond parfaitement au diamètre de l'arbre moteur (normalement 5 mm).<br />
<br />
Voici plusieurs ensembles poulie/courroie actuellement (mars 2012) les plus utilisés :<br />
;T5: Ce sont des courroies métrique ''asynchrone''. Elles ont des dents trapézoîdales avec un jeu volontairement pour réduire l'usure et le bruit. Elles sont appropriées pour les applications ''uni-directionnels''. Elles sont difficiles à trouver en Amérique du Nord. Les poulies peuvent être imprimés. En utilisant une poulie imprimé, vous optiendrez une précision équivalente à un ensemble poulie/courroie MXL avec un mauvais diamètre d'alésage.<br />
;T2.5: Comme la T5, ce sont des courroies métrique ''asynchrone''. Elles ont des pas de 2,5 mm (0,098") et les poulies sont imprimables. Avec le même diamètre de poulie, elles ont une meilleur adhérence comparé à la T5 et donneront de meilleurs résultats. Les meilleurs résultats sont avec des poulies métalliques grâce à un profile de denture plus fin.<br />
;MXL: Cela signifie "Mini eXtra-Light". Comme la T5 et la T2.5, ce sont aussi des courroies ''asynchrone'' mais elles sont communes en Amérique du Nord car elles suivent des dimensions impériales. La distance entre dent est 0,08" (2,032 mm). Vous *devriez* être capable de trouvez des poulies qui ont un alésage de 5 mm mais ça n'est pas facile. La plus part des moteurs pas à pas ont des arbres de sortie de 5 mm de diamètre.<br />
;GT2: Ce sont des courroies crantés Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industriel ''synchrone''. Elles ont de bonne caracteristiques technique et à la différence des courroies MXL et T5, la courroie GT2 a des dents rondes avec peu de jeu. Elles sont difficiles à trouver où que ce soit.<br />
<br />
Pour plus de détails, voir [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys|choisir l'ensemble poulie/courroie]].<br />
<br />
==== Tiges filetés ====<br />
Presque toutes les RepRap utilisent des tiges filetés pour l'axe Z exclusivement. L'axe Z n'a pas besoin de bouger rapidement parce que il va généralement vers le haut que d'une fraction de millimètre à la fois. Les tiges filetés sont bonnes pour la précision et la force. Les RepRap ne requièrent pas de force mais certaines [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine-outil_%C3%A0_commande_num%C3%A9rique machines à commande numérique] utilisent des tiges filetés pour les 3 axes.<br />
<br />
==== Note sur le jeu ====<br />
Une chose importante à propos de toutes les solutions de mise en mouvement est le ''jeu''. Le jeu est ce contre coup que vous sentez dans tous les cas, avec une tige fileté ou une poulie/courroie quand vous ''changez de direction''. Ce jeu affecte la précision.<br />
<br />
La T5 et la MXL avaient été initialement dessiné pour être des courroies crantés. Les courroies crantés normalement ne tournent que dans une direction. Le jeu n'est donc pas un problème. Parce que la courroie GT2 a été conçu pour travailler dans les 2 directions, elle sera plus précise.<br />
<br />
La méthode standard pour compenser le jeu d'une tige fileté est d'utiliser 2 écrous et de les mettre en contrainte à l'aide d'un ressort. Ce genre de montage rend sûr que les écrous sont toujours sur le même appui même quand vous changez de direction, la liaison est ferme.<br />
<br />
=== Le plateau d'impression ===<br />
Le plateau d'impression est sur quoi la pièce est imprimée. Le plateau d'impression peut être fixe comme sur la première RepRap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], ou peut bouger suivant les axes x/y/z. La plus part des RepRap ont le plateau qui se déplace suivant l'axe Y mais certaines l'auront aussi qui bougera suivant l'axe Z.<br />
<br />
Le plateau se compose habituellement de 2 parties : les plateaux supérieure et inférieure.<br />
<br />
==== Plateau supérieur ====<br />
Le plateau supérieur est monté sur le plateau inférieur sur des ressorts. Les ressorts permettent de mettre le plateau d'impression de niveau grâce à des vis de réglages. Cela peut aussi parfois réduire ou éviter des dégats en cas de collision entre la tête d'impression et le plateau.<br />
<br />
Le plateau supérieur peut être chauffant ou non. Cela est courament réalisé avec une carte PCB ou en métal. Si le plateau est chauffé, il y aura souvent dessus un plateau en verre maintenu par des pinces bulldog.<br />
<br />
On applique généralement du ruban adhésif sur le plateau d'impression. Cela aide le plastique extrudé à coller sur le plateau d'impression et cela rend également la pièce plus facile à enlever une fois finie. Les 2 rubans adhésif les plus utilisés sont celui de peintre bleu ou le kapton.<br />
<br />
==== Plateau inférieur ====<br />
Il est parfois appelé le plateau grenouille parce que le plateau de la première Mendel avait la forme d'une grenouille.<br />
<br />
Il fourni une base solide sur laquelle le plateau supérieur pourra être fixé. Si le plateau d'impression se déplace suivant un axe, le plateau inférieur sera directement relié au mécanisme qui le permet. Pour l'axe Y, cela signifie souvent la courroie. Et pour l'axe Z, cela signifie souvent des tiges filetées.<br />
<br />
== Extrudeur ==<br />
L'extrudeur fait fondre un [[filament]] pour le faire passer à travers une buse et le déposer sur le plateau d'impression.<br />
<br />
L'extrudeur est composé de 2 parties :<br />
# La partie froide (cold end)<br />
# La partie chaude (hot end)<br />
<br />
Normalement, la "partie froide" est connecté à la partie chaude par un isolant. Cela doit être rigide et suffisamment précis pour transferrer le filament d'un coté à l'autre, tout en évitant la transmission de chaleur. Les matériaux choisis sont habituellement des plastique PEEK avec sur couche de PTFE ou du PTFE avec un support en acier inoxydable ou une combinaison des trois.<br />
<br />
Il existe aussi [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|des extrudeurs Bowden]] qui séparent la partie chaude de la partie froide avec une gaine. Les extrudeurs Bowden sont plus rapides parce que plus léger sur la tête d'impression.<br />
<br />
=== Partie froide (cold end) ===<br />
Cela peut être un peu perturbant car les gens ont tendance a appeler le partie froide "extrudeur". En faite ce n'est que la moitié de l'extrudeur. La partie froide est le mécanisme qui alimente la partie chaude en matière qui la fera fondre.<br />
<br />
Les parties froide (cold ends) populaires sont :<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* Greg's hinged extruder<br />
<br />
=== Partie chaude (hot end) ===<br />
La partie chaude est ce qui fait fondre la matière (couramment PLA ou ABS). En général, la partie chaude est basiquement un tube métallique avec :<br />
# Une résistance qui va chauffer suffisamment fort pour faire fondre le plastique (couramment 180°C ou plus)<br />
# Une [[thermistor|thermistance]] qui mesure la température du tube métallique<br />
L'électronique gère la température grâce à la thermistance, fait monter ou descendre la température en faisant varier la tension qui traverse la résistance.<br />
<br />
Les parties chaude (hot ends) populaires sont :<br />
* [[J-head]]<br />
* [[LulzBot/Budaschnozzle|Budaschnozzle]]<br />
<br />
=== Filament ===<br />
Généralement, on utilise 1 ou 2 types de filament : ABS ou PLA. L'ABS sent mauvais et il n'est pas bon d'en respirer les émanations, mais il est solide comme les lego. Le PLA sent comme les gauffres et est biodégradable (supposé, il semble qu'il faille le mettre au milieu d'une pile de composte super chaude pour qu'il y est un début de dégradation).<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Parfois vous allez entendre parler de [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gulateur_PID PID] à propos des extrudeurs. Un PID est un algorithme en boucle fermé que les ingénieurs utilisent depuis des années. C'est basiquement une équation pour stabiliser un système qui tendrait à osciller.<br />
<br />
Par exemple, quand vous conduisez votre voiture sur la route, vous fonctionnez suivant un principe similaire au PID en ajustant en permanence avec le volant pour que votre voiture suive la route. Si vous le faites petit à petit, la trajectoire est fluide. Mais si vous attendez de toucher les lignes pour corriger, vous allez faire des zig zag sur la route. La trajectoire ne sera pas aussi optimisé.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/fr]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/es&diff=182444RepRap Options/es2018-05-21T12:04:19Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/es]]<br />
<br />
Esta página intenta explicar, en general, como se ensamblan todas las piezas para crear una RepRap.<br />
<br />
Sin embargo, si quieres dejar a un lado todo esto y poner manos a la obra directamente entonces tu mejor apuesta será echarle un vistaso a La guía incompleta para principiantes de reprap y a la categoría de instrucciones de construcción. Adicionalmente a estas guías, también querrás visitar los links en la sección de modelos más abajo.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|Componente de la estructura de una RepRap.]]<br />
<br />
Habiendo dicho lo anterior, para obtener una perspectiva de alto nivel, debemos empezar discutiendo los diferentes modelos de repraps, para posteriormente abordar los cuatro componentes principales de una reprap:<br />
<br />
*Las herramientas de software.<br />
*La electrónica.<br />
*El cuerpo mecánico.<br />
*El extrusor.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Modelos ==<br />
<br />
¡Estos días hay un número creciente de distintos modelos de impresoras 3d, por suerte existen detalladas guías de construcción para las RepRaps! <br />
Haga clic sobre el nombre debajo de los cuadros para ver más sobre cada diseño. <br />
<br />
Si usted es cyberpunk puede armarse una de las [[RepStrap]].<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:kunprinter_pro.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:SimpleXL.jpg|[[TowerSimpleXL]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimpleXL]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''license:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Lui.png |[[case-rap 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas 3D Printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:AdaptoFlex.jpg|[[Adapto Flex]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto Flex]]<br />
File:0Z3M2ab.jpg|[[E1x]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[E1x]]<br />
File:nelu_Delta_robot_v2.png|[[Nelu]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3d_printer_nelu]]<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Molestock]]<br />
File:2015-08-02_ToyREP-Final.jpg |[[ToyREP]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[ToyREP]]<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[XI3]]<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[ITopie]]<br />
File:magikisfabrikis.png|[[Magikis Fabrikis]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Magikis_Fabrikis]]<br />
File:Snappy_small.png|[[Snappy]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Snappy]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
File:3DoneP5.jpg|[[3Done]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[3Done]]<br />
File:Prusa i3 ION.PNG|[[Prusa i3 ION]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 ION/es]]<br />
</gallery></div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/ar&diff=182443RepRap Options/ar2018-05-21T12:03:56Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{merge from | Resources }}<br />
<br />
هذه الصفحة تعطي رؤية عامة عن جميع الاجزاء و المكونات و طريقة ربطها للحصول علي الريب راب .<br />
<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRap Component Structure.]]<br />
<br />
في البداية يجب معرفة انة للحصول علي نظرة عامة ذات مستوي عالي يجب الاطلاع علي عدد من نمازج الريب راب <br />
بعد ذلك الزهاب الي المكونات الاربعة الاساسية للريب راب :<br />
1- الادوات البرمجية .<br />
2- المكونات الالكترونية .<br />
3- الهيكل الميكانيكي .<br />
4- الطارد extruder .<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== النماذج ==<br />
<br />
في هذه الايام هناك عدد متزايد من النماذج الممتازة و بصورة مفصلة للوصول التفاصيل لكل نموزج اضغط الاسم اسفل الصور ادناه للحصول علي مذيد من التفاصيل لكل نموزج.<br />
إذا وجدت صعوبة في فهم التفاصيل للنماذج ادناه و اردت الحصول علي نموزجك الخاص يمكنك الحصول علية جاهز حيث تتوفر نماذج جاهزة بصورة تجارية.<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:kunprinter_pro.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:SimpleXL.jpg|[[TowerSimpleXL]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimpleXL]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''license:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Lui.png |[[case-rap 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPL|GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA|CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Atomxfirst.jpg|[[AtomX]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[AtomX]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:AdaptoFlex.jpg|[[Adapto Flex]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto Flex]]<br />
File:0Z3M2ab.jpg|[[E1x]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[E1x]]<br />
File:nelu_Delta_robot_v2.png|[[Nelu]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3d_printer_nelu]]<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Molestock]]<br />
File:2015-08-02_ToyREP-Final.jpg |[[ToyREP]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[ToyREP]]<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[XI3]]<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[ITopie]]<br />
File:magikisfabrikis.png|[[Magikis Fabrikis]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Magikis_Fabrikis]]<br />
File:Snappy_small.png|[[Snappy]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Snappy]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
File:3DoneP5.jpg|[[3Done]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[3Done]]<br />
File:JennyPrinter_minimalist.jpg|[[JennyPrinter minimalist]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[JennyPrinter_minimalist]]<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[SpatialOne]]<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')|link=[[RepRap Intro]]<br />
File:Prusa i3 ION.PNG|[[Prusa i3 ION]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 ION]]<br />
File:I3-2xz.jpg|[[i3 2Xz+]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[2xz+]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Build_a_RepRap&diff=182442Build a RepRap2018-05-21T12:03:26Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{merge from | Resources }}<br />
<br />
This page attempts to make some sense, in general, of how all the pieces fit together to create a RepRap.<br />
<br />
However, if you want to skip all this stuff and get straight to getting your hands dirty then your best bet is to take a look at [[The incomplete RepRap beginner's guide]] and the [[build instructions]] category. In addition to those guides, you may also want to take a look at the links under the [[RepRap Options#Models|Models]] section below.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRap Component Structure.]]<br />
<br />
That being said, to get a higher-level overview, we must start with discussing the different models of RepRaps, then go on to the four main components of a RepRap: <br />
* The software toolchain.<br />
* The electronics.<br />
* The mechanical body.<br />
* The extruder.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Models ==<br />
<br />
These days there are a growing number of many great and detailed [[build instructions]]<br />
for RepRaps! Click on the name below the pictures to see more about each design.<br />
<br />
If you're steampunk or just like to get away without commercial kits, there are also [[RepStrap]]s.<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Fisher]]<br />
File:kunprinter_pro.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:SimpleXL.jpg|[[TowerSimpleXL]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimpleXL]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''license:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Lui.png |[[case-rap 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPL|GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA|CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Atomxfirst.jpg|[[AtomX]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[AtomX]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:AdaptoFlex.jpg|[[Adapto Flex]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto Flex]]<br />
File:0Z3M2ab.jpg|[[E1x]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[E1x]]<br />
File:nelu_Delta_robot_v2.png|[[Nelu]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3d_printer_nelu]]<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Molestock]]<br />
File:2015-08-02_ToyREP-Final.jpg |[[ToyREP]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[ToyREP]]<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[XI3]]<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[ITopie]]<br />
File:magikisfabrikis.png|[[Magikis Fabrikis]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Magikis_Fabrikis]]<br />
File:Snappy_small_v3.0.png|[[Snappy 3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Snappy 3]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
File:3DoneP5.jpg|[[3Done]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[3Done]]<br />
File:JennyPrinter_minimalist.jpg|[[JennyPrinter minimalist]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[JennyPrinter_minimalist]]<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[SpatialOne]]<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')|link=[[RepRap Intro]]<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 ION.PNG|[[Prusa i3 ION]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 ION]]<br />
File:se1x_rrp.jpg.png|[[sE1X]] (''license: [[gpl]]'')|link=[[sE1x]]<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro_(Light).PNG|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]]<br />
File:reprap_pyramid_1.jpg|[[Reprap Pyramid]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Reprap Pyramid]]<br />
File:reprap_next_01.jpg|[[Reprap Next]] |link=[[ReprapNext]]<br />
File:I3-2xz.jpg|[[2Xz]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[2xz]]<br />
File:Chimera-Steel.jpg|[[Chimera]] |link=[[Chimera]]<br />
File:Kit_web.jpg |[[Egyptian RepRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Egyptian RepRap]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Software Toolchain ==<br />
<br />
The software toolchain can be roughly broken down into 3 parts:<br />
# CAD tools.<br />
# CAM tools.<br />
# Firmware for electronics.<br />
<br />
=== CAD Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Design, or CAD, tools are used to design 3D parts for printing.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:Computer-aided_design|CAD tools]] in the truest sense are designed to allow you to easily change and manipulate parts based on parameters. Sometimes CAD files are referred to as ''parametric'' files. They usually represent parts or assemblies in terms of [[Wikipedia:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry]], or CSG. Using CSG, parts can be represented as a tree of boolean operations performed on primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, etc. <br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|Free/Libre/Open Source Software]] (''[[Wikipedia:Alternative_terms_for_free_software|FLOSS]]'') applications that fall into this category would be [[OpenSCAD]], [[FreeCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]]. Examples of [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|proprietary]] and fully parametric CAD tools are [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (formerly PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]].<br />
<br />
Typically in such programs the geometry is stored in a feature tree where the dimensions can be modified numerically, and the geometry is then regenerated with great precision. The geometry is a mathematical representation where, for example, a circle is generated from its center, radius and plane parameters (hence, "parametric"). No matter how much you zoom in, a circle is still curved, and the CAD program has no problem finding its center when you click on it. This can be quite beneficial when making drawings with dimensions between the circle and sections that need to be concentrically removed.<br />
<br />
Another looser category of CAD tool would be apps that represent parts as a 3D [[Wikipedia:Polygon mesh|Polygon mesh]]. These applications are meant to be used more for special effects and artistic applications. They also seem to be a little more user-friendly. [[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|FLOSS]]-apps in this category would be [[Wikipedia:Blender_(software)|Blender]] and [[Wikipedia:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|Proprietary]] tools are [[Wikipedia:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:Google_Sketchup|SketchUp]] and more.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, you can create forms with just a web-browser at certain websites, such as [http://tinkercad.com TinkerCAD.com] (easy) or [http://3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (more sophisticated), those permit you to download the resulting geometry.<br />
<br />
Some of the tools mentioned above also use parametric data to generate the geometries, but a lot just register the positions of the vertices of the polygons making up the models. Some use parameters to generate the geometry but then drops that data once the vertices are placed. A curve is thus actually an approximation, generated from a number of straight lines between points. As such, those tools are better suited for design where the precision of dimensions are less important than looks and ease of use.<br />
<br />
If you want to print as less possible material as possible; design parts optimised by volume in function of strains, you may use topology optimization through non-commercial-use-only software such as Topostruct (see sawapan.eu website), BESO, or free-open-source-use such as Topy, a topology optimization software written in Python by the brilliant William Hunter (see google code topy page).<br />
<br />
It might be useful to have a lattice engineering software, that will create a support of your part or fill the part to save material. One of the most used is Materialize Magics, but there is also Netfabb. Both are proprietary software's, not free.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
Most of the time 3D software apps save their files in an application-specific format, which in the case of proprietary CAD tools usually are frequently changed and heavily guarded trade secrets.<br />
<br />
There are very few interchangeable CAD [[File Formats|file formats]]. The two most widely used interchangeable CSG file formats are [[File Formats|STEP]] and [[File Formats|IGES]]. Both strip the geometries from parametric data and offer only "dead" solids. Features can be added and removed, but the base shape is locked. ''There is to date no industry-wide interchangeable file format that retain parametric data''.<br />
<br />
The most widely used interchangeable mesh file format is [[File Formats|STL]]. STL files are important because, as we will see below, they are used by CAM tools.<br />
<br />
Mesh files cannot be converted into CSG file formats because they contain no parametric data - only the coordinates of the polygon vertices that make up the solid volume. However, CSG file formats ''can'' be converted into mesh file formats. <br />
<br />
Thus, if you're designing a part, it's a good idea to design it using a CSG CAD application and save and distribute its original parametric file along with generated STL files.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Parametric file format<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP export format<br />
File:STL.png|STL mesh format<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, or CAM, tools handle the intermediate step of translating CAD files into a machine-friendly format used by the RepRap's electronics. More info is on the [[CAM Toolchains]] page.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
<br />
===== Slicing Software =====<br />
In order to turn a 3D part into a machine friendly format, CAM software needs an [[File Formats|STL]] file. The machine friendly format that is used for printing is called [[G-code]]. Early versions of RepRaps used a protocol called [[SNAPComms|SNAP]] but industry standard G-codes are now used. To Convert STL files to G-code, you can use one of the following programs: <br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Fast and full featured - works with [[MatterControl]])(open source)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Still one of the best and highly recommended for accurate prints<br />
# [[Cura]] (Also includes G-Code sender)(Extremely fast and accurate)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Popular solution for most RepRappers)(Lots of bugs in every release)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Fast and accurate with very few bugs)(Closed source)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Online Slic3r solution)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (All-In-One Paid Suite)<br />
<br />
The STL to G-code conversion slices the part like salami, then looks at the cross section of each slice and figures out the path that the print head must travel in order to squirt out plastic, and calculates the amount of filament to feed through the extruder for the distance covered.<br />
<br />
(Normally you don't need to repair, edit or manipulate STL files directly, but if you do, you might find the software at [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files]] useful).<br />
<br />
<br />
===== G-code interpreter =====<br />
After you have your G-code file, you have to run it through a G-code interpreter. This reads each line of the file and sends the actual electronic signals to the motors to tell the RepRap how to move. There are two main ways to run a G-code interpreter:<br />
<br />
<br />
1) The most common way is to interpret G-code in the firmware of a microcontroller. Typically, the microcontroller is [[wikipedia:Atmel AVR|AVR]]-based which is what's used in the [[wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]]. In order to transfer the g-codes to the microcontroller, you need a way to send the g-code to the microcontroller. See below for more details.<br />
<br />
<br />
2) The alternate way is to interpret G-code using software that runs on a multi-purpose O/S such as linux. Two examples are [[EMC]] and [[Redeem]]. With these types of interpreters, THERE IS NO GCODE SENDER. The operating system communicates directly with special hardware that controls the motor signals. For EMC, it typically uses the computer's parallel port. For Redeem, it uses the [http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_PRU_Notes PRU] built into the Texas Instruments ARM CPU on the [[wikipedia:BeagleBoard|Beaglebone Black]].<br />
<br />
<br />
===== G-code sender =====<br />
To send the G-code files to a microcontroller's g-code interpreter, you need to either to:<br />
<br />
# Load the G-code file on an memory card (typically SD card) if supported.<br />
# Drip-feed the G-codes (usually a line at a time) over a serial port (RS-232 or TTL level, often used with a USB converter) or a direct USB connection using one of the following programs on your workstation:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[RepRaptor]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
:* [https://github.com/minad/3delta 3Delta]<br />
Some of the options are cross platform while others will only work with certain operating systems or prefer specific integrated firmware interpreters.<br />
<br />
==== Part Files ====<br />
The main files use by CAM tools are [[File Formats|STL]] and [[File Formats|G-code]] files. CAM tools convert STL files into G-code files. The official STL files for [[Mendel]] are stored in the RepRap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] repository. To get a copy of these files, run the following commands in ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
This will create a directory full of STL files that you can then give to your neighbor that already has a RepRap and they can print out the parts for you. You will also notice that this directory contains [[File Types|AoI files]]. These files are for [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. It is the CAD application that was used to design the parts and then save them as STL files.<br />
<br />
=== Firmware ===<br />
Reprap electronics are controlled by an inexpensive CPU such as the Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what Arduino-based microcontrollers use. These processors are very wimpy compared to even the average 10 to 15 year old PC you find in the dump nowadays. However, these ''are'' CPUs so they do run primitive software. This primitive software they run is the Reprap's ''firmware''.<br />
<br />
Of the entire software chain that makes the Reprap work, the firmware portion of it is the closest you get to actual programming. Technically, the term for what you are doing with firmware is called [[Wikipedia:Cross compiler|cross compiling]]. <br />
<br />
This process more or less consists of the following steps:<br />
# Install the [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] on your PC.<br />
# Download some firmware source code from a website.<br />
# Make some minor changes to the source code to specify what hardware you have.<br />
# Compile the firmware using the Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]].<br />
# Connect the controller to your PC via a USB cable.<br />
# Upload the firmware to your controller's CPU.<br />
<br />
Some electronics like [[Smoothieboard]] require a custom firmware. <br />
<br />
<br />
==== G-codes ====<br />
After your microcontroller has its firmware loaded, it is ready to accept [[G-code]]s via the software-emulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port RS-232 serial port] (aka COM port). This port shows up when you plug in your arduino to the PC via USB. You can either use a program to send these G-codes over the serial port or you can type them in by hand if you fire up a plain-old terminal application like hyperterm or minicom. If you use a program, they generally take files in [[File Formats|gcode]] format.<br />
<br />
For all available firmwares see ''[[List of Firmware]]''. The following is a brief list of the most popular firmware:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
* [[Smoothie]]<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
To compile and upload firmware to your arduino-based electronics, you use the arduino IDE that you can download from the arduino website.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
The firmware files are usually packaged as source code for an Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] project. Arduino source code consists of a bunch of [[File Formats|PDE]] (or as of Arduino ver 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) files along with some extra <tt>.cpp</tt> and <tt>.h</tt> files thrown in. The Arduino IDE compiles the source code into a single <tt>.hex</tt>file. When you click on the upload icon in the Arduino IDE, it uploades the .hex file to the electronics.<br />
<br />
== More Info ==<br />
In a nutshell, here's a short summary of everything above except CAD software:<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== Electronics ==<br />
<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
In general, all RepRap electronics are broken down into five different areas:<br />
<br />
==== The controller ==== <br />
The controller is the brains of the RepRap. Almost all RepRap controllers are based on the work of the [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] microcontroller. While a lot of variations exist, they are exchangeable and basically all do the same thing. Sometimes the controller is a stand-alone circuit board with chips on it, sometimes the controller is an [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] with an add-on board (called a 'shield'). Find more at [[List of electronics]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Motors ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor]] is a type of electric motor that can be accurately controlled with the controller. Most RepRaps use four or five stepper motors. Three or four motors control the x/y/z axis movement (sometimes the z axis is controlled by two motors) and one motor is used per [[extruder]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Drivers ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|stepper driver]] is a chip that acts as a kind of middle-man between a stepper motor and the controller. It simplifies the signals that need to be sent to the stepper motor in order to get it to move. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on separate circuit boards that are linked to the controller via cables. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on small circuit boards that plug directly into the controller itself. In this case, the controller will have space for at least 4 of these small circuit boards (one for each stepper motor). <br />
<br />
Finally, sometimes the stepper drivers are soldered right onto the controller itself.<br />
<br />
==== End stops ==== <br />
An [[end stop]] is a very small and simple circuit board with a switch of some sort on it that tells the RepRap when it has moved too far in one direction. Thus, there's normally six of these: two for each axis (most firmware include software settings for max position, which allows for only the minimum position end stops to be required). A single end stop connects via wires to either:<br />
# The controller.<br />
# A stepper driver board.<br />
<br />
==== Heated Bed ==== <br />
The print bed is what the RepRap extrudes plastic onto, where the plastic parts are built up.<br />
<br />
While a [[heated bed]] is considered to be an optional component of a RepRap, it often becomes a necessary and integral part of operating a RepRap over the long-term because, without a heated bed, parts have a tendency to cool down too quickly. This results in warping of corners (as the plastic shrinks while cooling) or the part physically detaching from the print bed too early, ruining the print. <br />
<br />
Heated beds operate on the same principle as a kitchen toaster. They're just giant resistors with a temperature sensor. See also:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly|The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]]<br />
<br />
=== More Information ===<br />
To see more details about RepRap electronics, take a look at the [[List of electronics]] page.<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== X/Y/Z Axis Motion ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a RepRap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most RepRaps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== Belts and Pulleys ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your RepRap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5&nbsp;mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most RepRaps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original RepRap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most RepRaps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== Extruder ==<br />
: main article: [[:Category:Extruders]]<br />
<br />
The extruder is responsible for feeding [[filament]] through a nozzle and melting it as it's deposited onto the bed where the part is made.<br />
<br />
The extruder consists of two parts:<br />
# The cold end<br />
# The hot end<br />
<br />
Normally, the "Cold End" is connected to the "Hot End" across a thermal break or insulator. This has to be rigid and accurate enough to reliably pass the filament from one side to the other, but still prevent much of the heat transfer. The materials of choice are usually PEEK plastic with PTFE liners or PTFE with stainless steel mechanical supports or a combination of all three. <br />
<br />
However, there also exist [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Bowden Extruders]] which separate the hot end from the cold end by a long tube. Bowden extruders are much faster because they are much lighter.<br />
<br />
==== Cold End ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also. In reality, it's only half of the entire extruder mechanism. The cold end is the part that mechanically feeds material to the hot end, which in turn melts it. <br />
<br />
Popular cold ends are:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== Hot End ====<br />
: See also [[Hot End Design Theory]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== Filament ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS is strongly scented when melted and warps but is relatively strong whereas PLA is said to smell like waffles and is biodegradable. ABS fumes are detrimental to one's health. ABS will bend before it breaks whereas PLA is relatively brittle. Consequently, for delicate structural roles, PLA should be used, however, for other purposes, ABS can be ideal.<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/ru&diff=182441RepRap Options/ru2018-05-21T12:02:43Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap_Options}}<br />
<br />
{{notice|Это не законченный перевод статьи. Пожалуйста, сделайте свой вклад в перевод документации.}}<br />
<br />
На этой странице изложено общее представление, из каких частей создаётся RepRap.<br />
<br />
Если же вы хотите пропустить всю эту чепуху и сразу присупить к изготовлению, то вам лучше всего взглянуть на [[The incomplete reprap beginner's guide|Неполное руководство для начинаюших по RepRap]] и [[build instructions|Инструкция по сборке]]. В дополнение к этим руководствам вы так же можете взглянуть на ссылки ниже в разделе [[RepRap Options/ru#Модели|Модели]].<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure_Ru.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|Составляющие устройства RepRap.]]<br />
<br />
Чтобы плолучить более полный обзор мы должны начать с обсуждения различных моделий RepRap, а затем перейти к основным четырём составляющим частям RepRap:<br />
* Набор програмных инструментов.<br />
* Электроника.<br />
* Механика.<br />
* Экструдер.<br />
<br />
== Модели ==<br />
В настоящее время есть много замечательных и детальных [[build instructions|инструкций по сборке]] для RepRap! Нажимайте на названия фотографий, представленных ниже, чтобы узнать больше о каждой конструкции.<br />
<br />
Если же вы стимпанк или просто любите обходиться без коммерческих сборов, для вас также есть [[RepStrap]].<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=4><br />
File:Планета.png|[[Планета/ru|Планета]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Планета]]<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''лицензия:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''лицензия: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[WoodMAX_i3]]<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[i3xl printer]]<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[i3a]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Graberi3.jpg|[[Graber_i3|Graber i3]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Graber_i3]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:3dmaker-lcxl-800.jpg|[[3DMaker_LCXL|3DMaker LCXL]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DMaker LCXL]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:KunPrinter-K86.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:8 12 Perspective.jpg|[[Boxd]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Boxd]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Набор програмных инструментов ==<br />
<br />
Набор програмных инструментов можно условно разделить на три части:<br />
# CAD (САПР) инструменты.<br />
# CAM инструменты.<br />
# Прошивки для электроники.<br />
<br />
=== CAD (САПР) инструменты ===<br />
Система автоматизированного проектирования, или САПР, инструмент используемый разработчиками детали в 3D для печати.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Програмное обеспечение ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:ru:Система_автоматизированного_проектирования|САПР]] как инсртумент в прямом смысле разработан, чтобы позволить вам легко вносить изменения в разрабатываемые детали действуя с их основными параметрами. Иногда САПР файлы называют ''параметрическими'' файлами. Они, как правило, представляют собой детали или сборки с точки зрения [[Wikipedia:ru:Конструктивная_сплошная_геометрия|Конструктивной Сплошной Геометрии]], или КСГ. Используя КСГ, детали могут быть представлены в виде дерева логических операций и выполнены из основных форм, таких как кубы, сферы, цилиндры, пирамиды и т.п.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:ru:Свободное_и_открытое_программное_обеспечение|Free/libre/open-source software (FLOSS)]] (Свободное программное обеспечение с общедоступными (открытыми) исходными кодами) приложения подпадающие в эту категорию [[OpenSCAD]], [[FreeCAD]], [[Wikipedia:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] и [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|другие]]. Примерами [[Wikipedia:ru:Проприетарное_программное_обеспечение|проприетарных]] и полностью параметрических САПР являются [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (ранее известный как PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:ru:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:ru:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] и [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|другие]].<br />
<br />
Как правило, в таких программах геометрия детали хранится в деревообразном виде, где любой размер может численно изменён, после чего последует пересчёт геометрии детали с большой точностью. Геометрия имеет математическое представление в котором, например, круг строиться по значениям центра, радиуса и плоскости (следовательно, "параметрически"). Не важно на сколько вы увеличите масштаб, окружность всё равно останется изогнутой и программа САПР не имеет проблем с поиском центра когда вы щёлкаете по нему. Это может быть весьма полезно при создании чертежей с размерами между кругом и секциями, которые должны быть удалены от него концентрически.<br />
<br />
Другой более слабой категорией САПР являются приложения, которые представляют деталь как [[Wikipedia:ru:Полигональная сетка|полигональную сетку]]. Эти приложения больше подходят для создания спецэффектов и художественных произведений. Они также кажутся немного более удобными. [[Wikipedia:ru:Свободное_и_открытое_программное_обеспечение|FLOSS]] приложения этой категории будут [[Wikipedia:ru:Blender|Blender]] и [[Wikipedia:ru:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:ru:Проприетарное_программное_обеспечение|Проприетарными]] инструментами являются [[Wikipedia:ru:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:ru:Sketchup|Sketchup]] и другие.<br />
<br />
Кроме того, вы можете создавать формы с помощью веб-браузера на следующих веб-сайтах: [https://www.tinkercad.com/ TinkerCAD.com] (легкий) или [https://www.3dtin.com/ 3DTin.com] (более изощренный) они позволяют скачивать плоды ваших геометрическх трудов.<br />
<br />
Некоторые из, упомянутых выше, инструментов используют параметрические данные для генерации геометрии, но многие просто регистрируют позиции вершин многоугольников, составляющих деталь. Некоторые используют параметры для генерации геометрии но потом сбрасывают эти данные после размещения вершин. Кривая таким образом в действительности является приблизительной, обазованная из множества прямых линий между точками. Получается, эти инструменты лучше всего подходит для дизайна, где точность размеров менее важны, чем внешний вид и простота использования.<br />
<br />
Если вы хотите печатать из менее возможного материала из возможных, спроектировать деталь оптимизированную по значению в функции деформации, вы можете использовать топологическую оптимизацию через non-commercial-use-only програмное обеспечение такое как Topostruct (смотри сайт [http://sawapan.eu/ sawapan.eu]), BESO, или free-open-source-use такое как Topy, программа топологической оптимизации написаная на Python William Hunter ([https://code.google.com/p/topy/ смотри страницу topy на google code]).<br />
<br />
Это может быть полезным обладать решётчатым инженерным програмным обеспечением (lattice engineering software), которое может создать поддержку для вашей детали или заполнить деталь с сохранением маитериала. Одно из наиболее часто используемых является Materialise Magics, но есть также Netfabb. Оба являются проприетарным програмным обеспечением, не бесплатным.<br />
<br />
==== Файлы ====<br />
Большую часть времени существования 3D програмного обеспечения приложения сохраняют файлы в специфичном для себя формате, которые в случае с проприетарными САПР инструментами зачастую находятся под усиленной охраной коммерческой тайны.<br />
<br />
Существует очень мало взаимозаменяемых САПР [[File Formats|форматов файлов]]. Два наиболее широко используемых взаимозаменяемых формата файлов КСГ являются [[File Formats|STEP]] и [[File Formats|IGES]]. Оба снимают геометрию с параметрическими данными и предлагают только "мертвые" сплошные тела. Характеристики могут быть добавлены и удалены, но основа формы осанется замкнутой. ''В настоящее вемя не существует общеиндустриального взаимозаменяего формата файла который сохраняет параметрические данные''.<br />
<br />
Наиболее широко используется взаимозаменяемый сеточный формат [[File Formats|STL]]. STL файлы важны, потому, как мы увидим далее, они используются CAM инструментами.<br />
<br />
Сеточные фалы не могут быть преобразованными в КСГ файлы потому что они не содержат параметрические данные а только координаты вершин многоугольников (полигональной сетки), которые и образуют сплошной объём. Однако, файлы КСГ формата ''могут'' быть преобразованы в сеточный формат файла.<br />
<br />
Поэтому, если вы разрабатываете деталь, будет хорошей идеей проектировать её в КСГ САПР приложении и сохранять, и распространять свои оригинальные параметрические файлы вместе с сгенерированными STL файлами<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Параметрический формат<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP экспортируемый формат<br />
File:STL.png|STL сеточный формат<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM Инструменты ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, или CAM, это инструменты обработки в промежуточном шаге перевода CAD файлов в машино-приемлемый формат используемый в электронике RepRap. Больше информации на странице [[CAM Toolchains]].<br />
<br />
==== Программное обеспечение ====<br />
<br />
===== Програмное обеспечение для слайсинга =====<br />
(Slicing - переводится как расслаиватель).<br />
Обычно для того чтобы превратить 3D деталь в дружественный машине формат, CAM програмному обеспечению нужен [[File Formats|STL]] файл. Дружественный машине формат, который используется для печати называется [[G-code]]. Ранние версии RepRaps использовали протокол под названием [[SNAPComms|SNAP]], но в настоящее время используется промышленный стандарт G-код. Для преобразования STL файлов в G-код, вы можете использовать следующие программы:<br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Быстрая и полнофункциональная - работает с [[MatterControl]])(Открытый код)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Тем не менее одна из лучших и часто рекомендуется для аккуратной печати<br />
# [[Cura]] (Также включает в себя отправитель G-кода)(Очень быстрая и аккуратная)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Прославленное решение для большинства RepRap)(Множество ошибок в каждом выпуске)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Быстрая и точная с очень редкими ошибками)(Закрытый код)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Онлайновое Slic3r решение)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (Всё-В-Одном платный набор)<br />
<br />
Для преобразования STL в G-код деталь нарезается на слои как салями, затем рассматрииваются слои в поперечном сечении, затем вычисляется путь по которому печатная головка должна пройти чтобы нанести пластик, и вычисляется колличество нити, которой нужно питать экструдер для пройденного растояния.<br />
<br />
(Обычно вам не нужно ремонтировать, редактировать или воздействовать на STL файлами непосредственно, но если вы воздействуете, то тогда могли бы поискать програмное обеспечение здесь: [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files|Программное обеспечение для работы с STL файлами]]).<br />
<br />
===== Интерпретатор G-кода =====<br />
После того как вы получили G-код файл, вы должны запустить его в G-код интерпретаторе (рус. переводчике). Который считывает каждую строку файла и отправляет определённые электрические сигналы на двигатели, которые говорят RepRap как двигаться. Есть два основных варианта G-код интерпретатора:<br />
<br />
# Программа рабочая станция называемая [[EMC]] (или другое CAM програмное обеспечение) которая управляет оборудованием напрямую или<br />
# Прошивка на электронной платформе RepRap с интегрированным аппаратным интерфейсом, который имеет интерпретатор G-кода<br />
<br />
===== Отправитель G-кода =====<br />
Для отправки файлов G-кода на интегрированный аппаратный интерпретатор вам необлодимо либо:<br />
<br />
# Загрузить G-код файл через карту памяти (как правило SD карту) если это поддерживается.<br />
# Залить G-код (обычно по одной строке за раз) через серийный порт (RS-232 или TTL level, часто используется с преобразователем USB) или прямое подключение USB, используя одну из следующих программ на вашем рабочем месте:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
Некоторые из вариантов являются кросс-платформенными, а другие желают работать только с определёнными операционными системами или предпочитают определённые интерированные прошивки интерпретаторов.<br />
<br />
==== Файлы частей ====<br />
Основными файлами используемыми CAM инструментами являются [[File Formats|STL]] и [[File Formats|G-код]] файлы. Инструменты CAM преобразуют STL файлы в G-код файлы. Оффициальные STL файлы для [[Mendel]] хранятся в RepRap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] репозитории. Для получения копий этих файлов запустите следующие команды в ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
Это создаст директорию с STL файлами, которые вы сможете отдать вашему соседу, который уже имеет reprap и который сможет распечатать детали для вас. Вы так же заметите, что эта директория содержит [[File Types|AoI]] файлы. Эти файлы принадлежат [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. Это САПР приложение которое ипользовалось для разработки деталей и которое сохранило их в виде STL файлов.<br />
<br />
=== Встроенное программное обеспечение (Прошивка) ===<br />
Reprap электроника управляется недорогим процессором таким как Atmel AVR. Atmel процессор использует микроконтроллеры на базе Arduino. Эти процессоры очень слабые даже по сравнению средними персональными компьютерами 10 или 15 летней давности которые в настоящее время вы найдёте лишь на свалке. Однако, они ''являются'' процессорами настолько что могут запускать простое програмное обеспечение. Это примитивное програмное обеспечение запускаемое в Reprap является ''прошивкой''.<br />
<br />
Из всей цепочки програмного обеспечения, что заставляет Reprap работать, раздел прошивки наиболее близок вам тогда раздобудьте полезные программы. Технический термин того чем мы занимаемся с прошивкой называется [[Wikipedia:ru:Кросс-компилятор|кросс-компиляцией]]. <br />
<br />
Этот процесс состоит из следующих шагов:<br />
# Установить [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] на ваш PC.<br />
# Скачать некий исходный код прошивки с вэб сайта.<br />
# Сделать небольшие изменения в исходном коде дабы указать какие аппаратные средства у вас имеются.<br />
# Скомпилировать прошивку используя Arduino [[Wikipedia:ru:Интегрированная_среда_разработки|IDE]].<br />
# Подключить контроллер к твоему PC через USB кабель.<br />
# Загрузить прошивку в твои контроллеры ЦПУ.<br />
<br />
Некоторая электроника такая как [[Smoothieboard]]требует кастомную прошивку. <br />
<br />
<br />
==== G-коды ====<br />
После загрузки прошивки на ваш микроконтроллер, он готов к приёму [[G-code|G-кода]] с помощью програмного эмулятора [[Wikipedia:ru:RS-232|серийного порта RS-232]] (он же COM порт). Этот порт появится когда вы подключите ваш arduino к PC через USB. Вы можете использовать либо программу для отправки G-кода через серийный порт либо вы можете ввести его вручную если вы запустите обыкновенное терменальное приложение например hyperterm или minicom. Если вы используете программы, они как правило воспринимают файлы в [[File Formats|gcode]] формате.<br />
<br />
Обо всех поддерживаемых прошивках смотри ''[[List of Firmware|Список прошивок]]''. Ниже приведён краткий перечень самых популярных прошивок:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
* [[Smoothie]]<br />
<br />
==== Програмное обеспечение ====<br />
Для компиляции и загрузки прошивки в электронику основываной на Arduino, используйте arduino IDE которую вы можете скачать с сайта arduino [http://www.arduino.cc/ сайта arduino].<br />
<br />
==== Файлы ====<br />
Файлы прошивки обычно упакованы в виде проекта исходного кода для Arduino [[Wikipedia:ru:Интегрированная_среда_разработки|IDE]]. Arduino исходный код состоит из связки [[File Formats|PDE]] (или для Arduino версии 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) файлов вместе с некоторыми дополнительными<br />
<tt>.cpp</tt> и <tt>.h</tt> файлами находящихся вместе. Arduino IDE компилирует исходный код в один <tt>.hex</tt> файл. Когда вы кликните по иконке обновления в Arduino IDE, произойдёт ззагрузка <tt>.hex</tt> файла в электронику.<br />
<br />
== More Info ==<br />
In a nutshell, here's a short summary of everything above except CAD software:<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== Электроника ==<br />
<br />
=== Обзор ===<br />
В общем, вся reprap электроника подразделяется на 5 областей:<br />
<br />
==== Контроллер ==== <br />
Контроллер — это мозги reprap. Почти все reprap контроллеры основываются на работе с [[Wikipedia:ru:Arduino|Arduino]] микроконроллером. Существует много вариаций микроконтроллеров, но они взаимозаменяемы, и в основном все делают одно и то же. Иногда контроллер это одельно стоящая печатная плата с чипом на ней, иногда контроллер это [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] с платами расширения (так называемые 'shield'). Узнайте больше в [[List of electronics|списке электроники]].<br />
<br />
==== Шаговые двигатели ==== <br />
[[stepper motor|Шаговый двигатель]] — это тип электрических двигателей который может быть точно управляемым контроллером. Большинство reprap используют от 4 до 5 шаговых двигателей. От 3 до 4 двигателей управляют передвижением x/y/z осей (иногда ось z управляется 2 двигателями) и 1 двигатель используется в [[extruder|экструдере]].<br />
<br />
==== Шаговые драйверы ==== <br />
[[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|Шаговый драйвер]] — этот чип играет роль посредника между шаговым двигателем и контроллером. Это упрощает сигналы которые необходимо отправлять на шаговый двигатель чтобы привести его в движение.<br />
<br />
Иногда шаговые драйверы находятся на отдельных печатных платах которые соедены с контроллером через провода.<br />
<br />
Иногда шаговые драйверы находятся на небольших печатных платах, которые подключаются непосредственно к самому контроллеру. В нашем случае контроллер должен иметь место, по меньшей мере, для 4 этих маленьких плат (по оной на каждый двигатель).<br />
<br />
Наконец, иногда шаговые драйверы впаиваются прямо в сам контроллер.<br />
<br />
==== Концевой выключатель ==== <br />
[[end stop|Концевой выключатель]] — это очень маленькая и простая печатная плата с неким выключателем на ней, которая сообщает reprap, что он переместился слишком далеко в одном из направлений. Таким образом, их обычно 6 по 2 на каждую ось (большинство прошивок включают програмные настройки для максимальных позиций которые подразумевают и минимальные позиции концевых выключателей которые обязательны). Каждый концевой выключатель подключается через провода либо: <br />
# Контроллер. <br />
# Плату шаговых драйверов.<br />
<br />
==== Нагревательная платформа ==== <br />
Платформа для печати — это то на что RepRap экструдирует (выдавливает) пластик, где строятся пластиковая деталь.<br />
<br />
Хотя [[heated bed|нагревательная платформа]] (англ. heated bed) считается дополнительным компонентом в RepRap, но она часто становится необходимой и неотъемлемой частью эксплуатации RepRap после долгих взаимоотношений, потому как без нагревательной платформы, детали имеют тенденцию остывать слишком быстро. Это приводит к деформации углов (так как пластик сжимается при охлаждении) или напечатанная деталь при слишком раннем физическом снятии с платформы печати разрушается.<br />
<br />
Нагревательная платформа действуют по тому же принципу, что и кухнный тостер. Это просто большой резистор с датчиком температуры. Смотрите также:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]<br />
<br />
=== Больше информации ===<br />
Чтобы посмотреть более подробную информацию о RepRap электронике загляните на страницу: [[List of electronics|Список электроники]].<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== X/Y/Z Axis Motion ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a reprap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most repraps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== Belts and Pulleys ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your reprap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most repraps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original reprap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most repraps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== Экструдер ==<br />
Экструдер отвечает за подачу [[filament|нити]] через сопло и её наплавлением на платформу где создаётся деталь.<br />
<br />
Экструдер состоит из двух частей:<br />
# Холодный наконечник (англ. cold end)<br />
# Горячий наконечник (англ. hot end)<br />
<br />
Как правило "холодный наконечник" подключён к "горячему наконечнику" через тепловой прерыватель или изолятор. Это должно быть досаточно жёстким и достаточно акуратным чтобы надежно передавать нить с одной стороны на другую, но также в значительной мере предотвращать передачу тепла. Материаллы обычно применяемые это PEEK пластик с вкладышами из PTFE или PTFE с механическими опорами из нержавеющей стали или комбинации всех трех.<br />
<br />
Однако, существуют также [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Боуден экструдеры]] которые разделяют горячий и холодный наконечники длинной трубкой. Боуден экструдеры очень быстрые, потому как они очень легкие.<br />
<br />
==== Холодный наконечник ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also здесь люди имеют склонность приписывать холодный наконечник к вышеупомянутому "экструдеру". В действительности, это только половина механизма экструдера. Холодный наконечник — это часть которая механически питает материалом горячий наконечник, который, в свою очередь плавит его.<br />
<br />
Широко изветные холодные наконечники:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== Горячий наконечник ====<br />
: Смотрите также: [[Hot End Design Theory|Теория проектирования горячего наконечника]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== Filament ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS is strongly scented when melted and warps but is relatively strong whereas PLA is said to smell like waffles and is biodegradable. ABS fumes are detrimental to one's health. ABS will bend before it breaks whereas PLA is relatively brittle. Consequently, for delicate structural roles, PLA should be used, however, for other purposes, ABS can be ideal.<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/ru| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/ru&diff=182440RepRap Options/ru2018-05-21T12:01:46Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap_Options}}<br />
<br />
{{notice|Это не законченный перевод статьи. Пожалуйста, сделайте свой вклад в перевод документации.}}<br />
<br />
На этой странице изложено общее представление, из каких частей создаётся RepRap.<br />
<br />
Если же вы хотите пропустить всю эту чепуху и сразу присупить к изготовлению, то вам лучше всего взглянуть на [[The incomplete reprap beginner's guide|Неполное руководство для начинаюших по RepRap]] и [[build instructions|Инструкция по сборке]]. В дополнение к этим руководствам вы так же можете взглянуть на ссылки ниже в разделе [[RepRap Options/ru#Модели|Модели]].<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure_Ru.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|Составляющие устройства RepRap.]]<br />
<br />
Чтобы плолучить более полный обзор мы должны начать с обсуждения различных моделий RepRap, а затем перейти к основным четырём составляющим частям RepRap:<br />
* Набор програмных инструментов.<br />
* Электроника.<br />
* Механика.<br />
* Экструдер.<br />
<br />
== Модели ==<br />
В настоящее время есть много замечательных и детальных [[build instructions|инструкций по сборке]] для RepRap! Нажимайте на названия фотографий, представленных ниже, чтобы узнать больше о каждой конструкции.<br />
<br />
Если же вы стимпанк или просто любите обходиться без коммерческих сборов, для вас также есть [[RepStrap]].<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=4><br />
File:Планета.png|[[Планета/ru|Планета]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Планета]]<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''лицензия:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''лицензия: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[WoodMAX_i3]]<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[i3xl printer]]<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[i3a]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Graberi3.jpg|[[Graber_i3|Graber i3]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Graber_i3]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:3dmaker-lcxl-800.jpg|[[3DMaker_LCXL|3DMaker LCXL]] (''лицензия: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DMaker LCXL]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:KunPrinter-K86.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:8 12 Perspective.jpg|[[Boxd]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Boxd]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''лицензия: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Набор програмных инструментов ==<br />
<br />
Набор програмных инструментов можно условно разделить на три части:<br />
# CAD (САПР) инструменты.<br />
# CAM инструменты.<br />
# Прошивки для электроники.<br />
<br />
=== CAD (САПР) инструменты ===<br />
Система автоматизированного проектирования, или САПР, инструмент используемый разработчиками детали в 3D для печати.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Програмное обеспечение ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:ru:Система_автоматизированного_проектирования|САПР]] как инсртумент в прямом смысле разработан, чтобы позволить вам легко вносить изменения в разрабатываемые детали действуя с их основными параметрами. Иногда САПР файлы называют ''параметрическими'' файлами. Они, как правило, представляют собой детали или сборки с точки зрения [[Wikipedia:ru:Конструктивная_сплошная_геометрия|Конструктивной Сплошной Геометрии]], или КСГ. Используя КСГ, детали могут быть представлены в виде дерева логических операций и выполнены из основных форм, таких как кубы, сферы, цилиндры, пирамиды и т.п.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:ru:Свободное_и_открытое_программное_обеспечение|Free/libre/open-source software (FLOSS)]] (Свободное программное обеспечение с общедоступными (открытыми) исходными кодами) приложения подпадающие в эту категорию [[OpenSCAD]], [[FreeCAD]], [[Wikipedia:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] и [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|другие]]. Примерами [[Wikipedia:ru:Проприетарное_программное_обеспечение|проприетарных]] и полностью параметрических САПР являются [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (ранее известный как PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:ru:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:ru:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] и [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|другие]].<br />
<br />
Как правило, в таких программах геометрия детали хранится в деревообразном виде, где любой размер может численно изменён, после чего последует пересчёт геометрии детали с большой точностью. Геометрия имеет математическое представление в котором, например, круг строиться по значениям центра, радиуса и плоскости (следовательно, "параметрически"). Не важно на сколько вы увеличите масштаб, окружность всё равно останется изогнутой и программа САПР не имеет проблем с поиском центра когда вы щёлкаете по нему. Это может быть весьма полезно при создании чертежей с размерами между кругом и секциями, которые должны быть удалены от него концентрически.<br />
<br />
Другой более слабой категорией САПР являются приложения, которые представляют деталь как [[Wikipedia:ru:Полигональная сетка|полигональную сетку]]. Эти приложения больше подходят для создания спецэффектов и художественных произведений. Они также кажутся немного более удобными. [[Wikipedia:ru:Свободное_и_открытое_программное_обеспечение|FLOSS]] приложения этой категории будут [[Wikipedia:ru:Blender|Blender]] и [[Wikipedia:ru:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:ru:Проприетарное_программное_обеспечение|Проприетарными]] инструментами являются [[Wikipedia:ru:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:ru:Sketchup|Sketchup]] и другие.<br />
<br />
Кроме того, вы можете создавать формы с помощью веб-браузера на следующих веб-сайтах: [https://www.tinkercad.com/ TinkerCAD.com] (легкий) или [https://www.3dtin.com/ 3DTin.com] (более изощренный) они позволяют скачивать плоды ваших геометрическх трудов.<br />
<br />
Некоторые из, упомянутых выше, инструментов используют параметрические данные для генерации геометрии, но многие просто регистрируют позиции вершин многоугольников, составляющих деталь. Некоторые используют параметры для генерации геометрии но потом сбрасывают эти данные после размещения вершин. Кривая таким образом в действительности является приблизительной, обазованная из множества прямых линий между точками. Получается, эти инструменты лучше всего подходит для дизайна, где точность размеров менее важны, чем внешний вид и простота использования.<br />
<br />
Если вы хотите печатать из менее возможного материала из возможных, спроектировать деталь оптимизированную по значению в функции деформации, вы можете использовать топологическую оптимизацию через non-commercial-use-only програмное обеспечение такое как Topostruct (смотри сайт [http://sawapan.eu/ sawapan.eu]), BESO, или free-open-source-use такое как Topy, программа топологической оптимизации написаная на Python William Hunter ([https://code.google.com/p/topy/ смотри страницу topy на google code]).<br />
<br />
Это может быть полезным обладать решётчатым инженерным програмным обеспечением (lattice engineering software), которое может создать поддержку для вашей детали или заполнить деталь с сохранением маитериала. Одно из наиболее часто используемых является Materialise Magics, но есть также Netfabb. Оба являются проприетарным програмным обеспечением, не бесплатным.<br />
<br />
==== Файлы ====<br />
Большую часть времени существования 3D програмного обеспечения приложения сохраняют файлы в специфичном для себя формате, которые в случае с проприетарными САПР инструментами зачастую находятся под усиленной охраной коммерческой тайны.<br />
<br />
Существует очень мало взаимозаменяемых САПР [[File Formats|форматов файлов]]. Два наиболее широко используемых взаимозаменяемых формата файлов КСГ являются [[File Formats|STEP]] и [[File Formats|IGES]]. Оба снимают геометрию с параметрическими данными и предлагают только "мертвые" сплошные тела. Характеристики могут быть добавлены и удалены, но основа формы осанется замкнутой. ''В настоящее вемя не существует общеиндустриального взаимозаменяего формата файла который сохраняет параметрические данные''.<br />
<br />
Наиболее широко используется взаимозаменяемый сеточный формат [[File Formats|STL]]. STL файлы важны, потому, как мы увидим далее, они используются CAM инструментами.<br />
<br />
Сеточные фалы не могут быть преобразованными в КСГ файлы потому что они не содержат параметрические данные а только координаты вершин многоугольников (полигональной сетки), которые и образуют сплошной объём. Однако, файлы КСГ формата ''могут'' быть преобразованы в сеточный формат файла.<br />
<br />
Поэтому, если вы разрабатываете деталь, будет хорошей идеей проектировать её в КСГ САПР приложении и сохранять, и распространять свои оригинальные параметрические файлы вместе с сгенерированными STL файлами<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Параметрический формат<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP экспортируемый формат<br />
File:STL.png|STL сеточный формат<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM Инструменты ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, или CAM, это инструменты обработки в промежуточном шаге перевода CAD файлов в машино-приемлемый формат используемый в электронике RepRap. Больше информации на странице [[CAM Toolchains]].<br />
<br />
==== Программное обеспечение ====<br />
<br />
===== Програмное обеспечение для слайсинга =====<br />
(Slicing - переводится как расслаиватель).<br />
Обычно для того чтобы превратить 3D деталь в дружественный машине формат, CAM програмному обеспечению нужен [[File Formats|STL]] файл. Дружественный машине формат, который используется для печати называется [[G-code]]. Ранние версии RepRaps использовали протокол под названием [[SNAPComms|SNAP]], но в настоящее время используется промышленный стандарт G-код. Для преобразования STL файлов в G-код, вы можете использовать следующие программы:<br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Быстрая и полнофункциональная - работает с [[MatterControl]])(Открытый код)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Тем не менее одна из лучших и часто рекомендуется для аккуратной печати<br />
# [[Cura]] (Также включает в себя отправитель G-кода)(Очень быстрая и аккуратная)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Прославленное решение для большинства RepRap)(Множество ошибок в каждом выпуске)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Быстрая и точная с очень редкими ошибками)(Закрытый код)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Онлайновое Slic3r решение)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (Всё-В-Одном платный набор)<br />
<br />
Для преобразования STL в G-код деталь нарезается на слои как салями, затем рассматрииваются слои в поперечном сечении, затем вычисляется путь по которому печатная головка должна пройти чтобы нанести пластик, и вычисляется колличество нити, которой нужно питать экструдер для пройденного растояния.<br />
<br />
(Обычно вам не нужно ремонтировать, редактировать или воздействовать на STL файлами непосредственно, но если вы воздействуете, то тогда могли бы поискать програмное обеспечение здесь: [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files|Программное обеспечение для работы с STL файлами]]).<br />
<br />
===== Интерпретатор G-кода =====<br />
После того как вы получили G-код файл, вы должны запустить его в G-код интерпретаторе (рус. переводчике). Который считывает каждую строку файла и отправляет определённые электрические сигналы на двигатели, которые говорят RepRap как двигаться. Есть два основных варианта G-код интерпретатора:<br />
<br />
# Программа рабочая станция называемая [[EMC]] (или другое CAM програмное обеспечение) которая управляет оборудованием напрямую или<br />
# Прошивка на электронной платформе RepRap с интегрированным аппаратным интерфейсом, который имеет интерпретатор G-кода<br />
<br />
===== Отправитель G-кода =====<br />
Для отправки файлов G-кода на интегрированный аппаратный интерпретатор вам необлодимо либо:<br />
<br />
# Загрузить G-код файл через карту памяти (как правило SD карту) если это поддерживается.<br />
# Залить G-код (обычно по одной строке за раз) через серийный порт (RS-232 или TTL level, часто используется с преобразователем USB) или прямое подключение USB, используя одну из следующих программ на вашем рабочем месте:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
Некоторые из вариантов являются кросс-платформенными, а другие желают работать только с определёнными операционными системами или предпочитают определённые интерированные прошивки интерпретаторов.<br />
<br />
==== Файлы частей ====<br />
Основными файлами используемыми CAM инструментами являются [[File Formats|STL]] и [[File Formats|G-код]] файлы. Инструменты CAM преобразуют STL файлы в G-код файлы. Оффициальные STL файлы для [[Mendel]] хранятся в RepRap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] репозитории. Для получения копий этих файлов запустите следующие команды в ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
Это создаст директорию с STL файлами, которые вы сможете отдать вашему соседу, который уже имеет reprap и который сможет распечатать детали для вас. Вы так же заметите, что эта директория содержит [[File Types|AoI]] файлы. Эти файлы принадлежат [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. Это САПР приложение которое ипользовалось для разработки деталей и которое сохранило их в виде STL файлов.<br />
<br />
=== Встроенное программное обеспечение (Прошивка) ===<br />
Reprap электроника управляется недорогим процессором таким как Atmel AVR. Atmel процессор использует микроконтроллеры на базе Arduino. Эти процессоры очень слабые даже по сравнению средними персональными компьютерами 10 или 15 летней давности которые в настоящее время вы найдёте лишь на свалке. Однако, они ''являются'' процессорами настолько что могут запускать простое програмное обеспечение. Это примитивное програмное обеспечение запускаемое в Reprap является ''прошивкой''.<br />
<br />
Из всей цепочки програмного обеспечения, что заставляет Reprap работать, раздел прошивки наиболее близок вам тогда раздобудьте полезные программы. Технический термин того чем мы занимаемся с прошивкой называется [[Wikipedia:ru:Кросс-компилятор|кросс-компиляцией]]. <br />
<br />
Этот процесс состоит из следующих шагов:<br />
# Установить [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] на ваш PC.<br />
# Скачать некий исходный код прошивки с вэб сайта.<br />
# Сделать небольшие изменения в исходном коде дабы указать какие аппаратные средства у вас имеются.<br />
# Скомпилировать прошивку используя Arduino [[Wikipedia:ru:Интегрированная_среда_разработки|IDE]].<br />
# Подключить контроллер к твоему PC через USB кабель.<br />
# Загрузить прошивку в твои контроллеры ЦПУ.<br />
<br />
Некоторая электроника такая как [[Smoothieboard]]требует кастомную прошивку. <br />
<br />
<br />
==== G-коды ====<br />
После загрузки прошивки на ваш микроконтроллер, он готов к приёму [[G-code|G-кода]] с помощью програмного эмулятора [[Wikipedia:ru:RS-232|серийного порта RS-232]] (он же COM порт). Этот порт появится когда вы подключите ваш arduino к PC через USB. Вы можете использовать либо программу для отправки G-кода через серийный порт либо вы можете ввести его вручную если вы запустите обыкновенное терменальное приложение например hyperterm или minicom. Если вы используете программы, они как правило воспринимают файлы в [[File Formats|gcode]] формате.<br />
<br />
Обо всех поддерживаемых прошивках смотри ''[[List of Firmware|Список прошивок]]''. Ниже приведён краткий перечень самых популярных прошивок:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
* [[Smoothie]]<br />
<br />
==== Програмное обеспечение ====<br />
Для компиляции и загрузки прошивки в электронику основываной на Arduino, используйте arduino IDE которую вы можете скачать с сайта arduino [http://www.arduino.cc/ сайта arduino].<br />
<br />
==== Файлы ====<br />
Файлы прошивки обычно упакованы в виде проекта исходного кода для Arduino [[Wikipedia:ru:Интегрированная_среда_разработки|IDE]]. Arduino исходный код состоит из связки [[File Formats|PDE]] (или для Arduino версии 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) файлов вместе с некоторыми дополнительными<br />
<tt>.cpp</tt> и <tt>.h</tt> файлами находящихся вместе. Arduino IDE компилирует исходный код в один <tt>.hex</tt> файл. Когда вы кликните по иконке обновления в Arduino IDE, произойдёт ззагрузка <tt>.hex</tt> файла в электронику.<br />
<br />
== More Info ==<br />
In a nutshell, here's a short summary of everything above except CAD software:<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== Электроника ==<br />
<br />
=== Обзор ===<br />
В общем, вся reprap электроника подразделяется на 5 областей:<br />
<br />
==== Контроллер ==== <br />
Контроллер — это мозги reprap. Почти все reprap контроллеры основываются на работе с [[Wikipedia:ru:Arduino|Arduino]] микроконроллером. Существует много вариаций микроконтроллеров, но они взаимозаменяемы, и в основном все делают одно и то же. Иногда контроллер это одельно стоящая печатная плата с чипом на ней, иногда контроллер это [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] с платами расширения (так называемые 'shield'). Узнайте больше в [[List of electronics|списке электроники]].<br />
<br />
==== Шаговые двигатели ==== <br />
[[stepper motor|Шаговый двигатель]] — это тип электрических двигателей который может быть точно управляемым контроллером. Большинство reprap используют от 4 до 5 шаговых двигателей. От 3 до 4 двигателей управляют передвижением x/y/z осей (иногда ось z управляется 2 двигателями) и 1 двигатель используется в [[extruder|экструдере]].<br />
<br />
==== Шаговые драйверы ==== <br />
[[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|Шаговый драйвер]] — этот чип играет роль посредника между шаговым двигателем и контроллером. Это упрощает сигналы которые необходимо отправлять на шаговый двигатель чтобы привести его в движение.<br />
<br />
Иногда шаговые драйверы находятся на отдельных печатных платах которые соедены с контроллером через провода.<br />
<br />
Иногда шаговые драйверы находятся на небольших печатных платах, которые подключаются непосредственно к самому контроллеру. В нашем случае контроллер должен иметь место, по меньшей мере, для 4 этих маленьких плат (по оной на каждый двигатель).<br />
<br />
Наконец, иногда шаговые драйверы впаиваются прямо в сам контроллер.<br />
<br />
==== Концевой выключатель ==== <br />
[[end stop|Концевой выключатель]] — это очень маленькая и простая печатная плата с неким выключателем на ней, которая сообщает reprap, что он переместился слишком далеко в одном из направлений. Таким образом, их обычно 6 по 2 на каждую ось (большинство прошивок включают програмные настройки для максимальных позиций которые подразумевают и минимальные позиции концевых выключателей которые обязательны). Каждый концевой выключатель подключается через провода либо: <br />
# Контроллер. <br />
# Плату шаговых драйверов.<br />
<br />
==== Нагревательная платформа ==== <br />
Платформа для печати — это то на что RepRap экструдирует (выдавливает) пластик, где строятся пластиковая деталь.<br />
<br />
Хотя [[heated bed|нагревательная платформа]] (англ. heated bed) считается дополнительным компонентом в RepRap, но она часто становится необходимой и неотъемлемой частью эксплуатации RepRap после долгих взаимоотношений, потому как без нагревательной платформы, детали имеют тенденцию остывать слишком быстро. Это приводит к деформации углов (так как пластик сжимается при охлаждении) или напечатанная деталь при слишком раннем физическом снятии с платформы печати разрушается.<br />
<br />
Нагревательная платформа действуют по тому же принципу, что и кухнный тостер. Это просто большой резистор с датчиком температуры. Смотрите также:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]<br />
<br />
=== Больше информации ===<br />
Чтобы посмотреть более подробную информацию о RepRap электронике загляните на страницу: [[List of electronics|Список электроники]].<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== X/Y/Z Axis Motion ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a reprap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most repraps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== Belts and Pulleys ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your reprap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most repraps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original reprap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most repraps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== Экструдер ==<br />
Экструдер отвечает за подачу [[filament|нити]] через сопло и её наплавлением на платформу где создаётся деталь.<br />
<br />
Экструдер состоит из двух частей:<br />
# Холодный наконечник (англ. cold end)<br />
# Горячий наконечник (англ. hot end)<br />
<br />
Как правило "холодный наконечник" подключён к "горячему наконечнику" через тепловой прерыватель или изолятор. Это должно быть досаточно жёстким и достаточно акуратным чтобы надежно передавать нить с одной стороны на другую, но также в значительной мере предотвращать передачу тепла. Материаллы обычно применяемые это PEEK пластик с вкладышами из PTFE или PTFE с механическими опорами из нержавеющей стали или комбинации всех трех.<br />
<br />
Однако, существуют также [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Боуден экструдеры]] которые разделяют горячий и холодный наконечники длинной трубкой. Боуден экструдеры очень быстрые, потому как они очень легкие.<br />
<br />
==== Холодный наконечник ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also здесь люди имеют склонность приписывать холодный наконечник к вышеупомянутому "экструдеру". В действительности, это только половина механизма экструдера. Холодный наконечник — это часть которая механически питает материалом горячий наконечник, который, в свою очередь плавит его.<br />
<br />
Широко изветные холодные наконечники:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== Горячий наконечник ====<br />
: Смотрите также: [[Hot End Design Theory|Теория проектирования горячего наконечника]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== Filament ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS is strongly scented when melted and warps but is relatively strong whereas PLA is said to smell like waffles and is biodegradable. ABS fumes are detrimental to one's health. ABS will bend before it breaks whereas PLA is relatively brittle. Consequently, for delicate structural roles, PLA should be used, however, for other purposes, ABS can be ideal.<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/ru| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/ja&diff=182439RepRap Options/ja2018-05-21T12:01:14Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
このページではRepRapの造り方について記述します。<br />
<br />
ただ、この内容をとばして造り出したいのであれば、[[The incomplete reprap beginner's guide]]と[[build instructions]] に行きましょう。 [[RepRap Options#Models|Models]]の下部を見るのもおすすめです。<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRapの構造]]<br />
<br />
よく理解するためにRepRapの様々な型を知ることから始めて、それからRepRap四大テーマについて記述します。<br />
* ソフト関連<br />
* 電装系<br />
* 本体<br />
* 射出機構<br />
<br />
<br />
==型の例==<br />
<br />
最近はRepRapの設計例が多数公開されています[[build instructions]]。それぞれについては各画像をクリック。<br />
<br />
販売キットを避けるなら[[RepStrap]]と言うのもあります。<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==ソフト関連==<br />
<br />
ソフトは大きく分けて3種類<br />
# CAD<br />
# CAM<br />
# 電装系プログラム<br />
<br />
=== CAD ===<br />
CAD(Computer Aided Design)とは3Dプリンタで印刷するための設計図を作るソフト。<br />
<br />
==== ソフト ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:ja:CAD|CAD]] in the truest sense are designed to allow you to easily change and manipulate parts based on parameters. Sometimes CAD files are referred to as ''parametric'' files. They usually represent parts or assemblies in terms of [[Wikipedia:ja:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry]], or CSG. Using CSG, parts can be represented as a tree of boolean operations performed on primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, etc. <br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:ja:FLOSS|Free/Libre/Open Source Software]] (''[[Wikipedia:ja:FLOSS|FLOSS]]'') applications that fall into this category would be [[OpenSCAD|OpenSCAD(en)]], [[FreeCAD|FreeCAD(en)]] and [[Wikipedia:ja:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more(en)]]. Examples of [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|proprietary]] and fully parametric CAD tools are [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (formerly PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]].<br />
<br />
Typically in such programs the geometry is stored in a feature tree where the dimensions can be modified numerically, and the geometry is then regenerated with great precision. The geometry is a mathematical representation where, for example, a circle is generated from its center, radius and plane parameters (hence, "parametric"). No matter how much you zoom in, a circle is still curved, and the CAD program has no problem finding its center when you click on it. This can be quite beneficial when making drawings with dimensions between the circle and sections that need to be concentrically removed.<br />
<br />
Another looser category of CAD tool would be apps that represent parts as a 3D [[Wikipedia:Polygon mesh|Polygon mesh]]. These applications are meant to be used more for special effects and artistic applications. They also seem to be a little more user-friendly. [[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|FLOSS]]-apps in this category would be [[Wikipedia:Blender_(software)|Blender]] and [[Wikipedia:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|Proprietary]] tools are [[Wikipedia:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:Google_Sketchup|Google Sketchup]] and more.<br />
<br />
Further, you can create forms with just a web-browser at certain websites, such as [http://tinkercad.com TinkerCAD.com] (easy) or [http://3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (more sophisticated), those permit you to download the resulting geometry.<br />
<br />
Some of the tools mentioned above also use parametric data to generate the geometries, but a lot just register the positions of the vertices of the polygons making up the models. Some use parameters to generate the geometry but then drops that data once the vertices are placed. A curve is thus actually an approximation, generated from a number of straight lines between points. As such, those tools are better suited for design where the precision of dimensions are less important than looks and ease of use.<br />
<br />
==== ファイル形式 ====<br />
Most of the time 3D software apps save their files in an application-specific format, which in the case of proprietary CAD tools usually are frequently changed and heavily guarded trade secrets.<br />
<br />
There are very few interchangeable CAD [[File Formats|file formats]]. The two most widely used interchangeable CSG file formats are [[File Formats|STEP]] and [[File Formats|IGES]]. Both strip the geometries from parametric data and offer only "dead" solids. Features can be added and removed, but the base shape is locked. ''There is to date no industry-wide interchangeable file format that retain parametric data''.<br />
<br />
The most widely used interchangeable mesh file format is [[File Formats|STL]]. STL files are important because, as we will see below, they are used by CAM tools.<br />
<br />
Mesh files cannot be converted into CSG file formats because they contain no parametric data - only the coordinates of the polygon vertices that make up the solid volume. However, CSG file formats ''can'' be converted into mesh file formats. <br />
<br />
Thus, if you're designing a part, it's a good idea to design it using a CSG CAD application and save and distribute its original parametric file along with generated STL files.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Parametric file format<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP export format<br />
File:STL.png|STL mesh format<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, or CAM, tools handle the intermediate step of translating CAD files into a machine-friendly format used by the RepRap's electronics. More info is on the [[CAM Toolchains]] page.<br />
<br />
==== ソフト ====<br />
<br />
===== スライス作成ソフト =====<br />
In order to turn a 3D part into a machine friendly format, CAM software needs an [[File Formats|STL]] file. The machine friendly format that is used for printing is called [[G-code]]. Early versions of RepRaps used a protocol called [[SNAPComms|SNAP]] but industry standard G-codes are now used. To Convert STL files to G-code, you can use one of the following programs: <br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Fast and full featured - works with [[MatterControl]])(open source)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Still one of the best and highly recommended for accurate prints<br />
# [[Cura]] (Also includes G-Code sender)(Extremely fast and accurate)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Popular solution for most RepRappers)(Lots of bugs in every release)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Fast and accurate with very few bugs)(Closed source)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Online Slic3r solution)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (All-In-One Paid Suite)<br />
<br />
The STL to G-code conversion slices the part like salami, then looks at the cross section of each slice and figures out the path that the print head must travel in order to squirt out plastic, and calculates the amount of filament to feed through the extruder for the distance covered.<br />
<br />
(Normally you don't need to repair, edit or manipulate STL files directly, but if you do, you might find the software at [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files]] useful).<br />
<br />
===== G-codeインタプリタ =====<br />
After you have your G-code file, you have to run it through a G-code interpreter. This reads each line of the file and sends the actual electronic signals to the motors to tell the RepRap how to move. There are two main G-code interpreter options:<br />
<br />
# A workstation program called [[EMC]] (or other CAM software) which controls the hardware directly or<br />
# The firmware on a RepRap's electronics platform with an integrated hardware interface that has a G-code interpreter <br />
<br />
===== G-codeの送信 =====<br />
To send the G-code files to an integrated hardware interpreter, you need to either to:<br />
<br />
# Load the G-code file on an memory card (typically SD card) if supported.<br />
# Drip-feed the G-codes (usually a line at a time) over a serial port (RS-232 or TTL level, often used with a USB converter) or a direct USB connection using one of the following programs on your workstation:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
Some of the options are cross platform while others will only work with certain operating systems or prefer specific integrated firmware interpreters.<br />
<br />
==== パーツファイル ====<br />
The main files use by CAM tools are [[File Formats|STL]] and [[File Formats|G-code]] files. CAM tools convert STL files into G-code files. The official STL files for [[Mendel]] are stored in the reprap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] repository. To get a copy of these files, run the following commands in ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
This will create a directory full of STL files that you can then give to your neighbor that already has a reprap and they can print out the parts for you. You will also notice that this directory contains [[File Types|AoI files]]. These files are for [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. It is the CAD application that was used to design the parts and then save them as STL files.<br />
<br />
=== ファームウエア ===<br />
Reprap electronics are controlled by an inexpensive CPU such as the Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what Arduino-based microcontrollers use. These processors are very wimpy compared to even the average 10 to 15 year old PC you find in the dump nowadays. However, these ''are'' CPUs so they do run primitive software. This primitive software they run is the Reprap's ''firmware''.<br />
<br />
Of the entire software chain that makes the Reprap work, the firmware portion of it is the closest you get to actual programming. Technically, the term for what you are doing with firmware is called [[Wikipedia:Cross compiler|cross compiling]]. <br />
<br />
This process more or less consists of the following steps:<br />
# Install the [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] on your PC.<br />
# Download some firmware source code from a website.<br />
# Make some minor changes to the source code to specify what hardware you have.<br />
# Compile the firmware using the Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]].<br />
# Connect the controller to your PC via a USB cable.<br />
# Upload the firmware to your controller's CPU.<br />
<br />
==== G-code ====<br />
After your microcontroller has its firmware loaded, it is ready to accept [[G-code]]s via the software-emulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port RS-232 serial port] (aka COM port). This port shows up when you plug in your arduino to the PC via USB. You can either use a program to send these G-codes over the serial port or you can type them in by hand if you fire up a plain-old terminal application like hyperterm or minicom. If you use a program, they generally take files in [[File Formats|gcode]] format.<br />
<br />
For all available firmwares see ''[[List of Firmware]]''. The following is a brief list of the most popular firmware:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
<br />
==== ソフト ====<br />
To compile and upload firmware to your arduino-based electronics, you use the arduino IDE that you can download from the arduino website.<br />
<br />
==== ファイル形式 ====<br />
The firmware files are usually packaged as source code for an Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] project. Arduino source code consists of a bunch of [[File Formats|PDE]] (or as of Arduino ver 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) files along with some extra <tt>.cpp</tt> and <tt>.h</tt> files thrown in. The Arduino IDE compiles the source code into a single <tt>.hex</tt>file. When you click on the upload icon in the Arduino IDE, it uploades the .hex file to the electronics.<br />
<br />
<br />
== 追加情報 ==<br />
CAD以外の要約は下記<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== 電装系 ==<br />
<br />
=== 概論 ===<br />
In general, all reprap electronics are broken down into 5 different areas:<br />
<br />
==== コントローラ ==== <br />
The controller is the brains of the reprap. Almost all reprap controllers are based on the work of the [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] microcontroller. While a lot of variations exist, they are exchangeable and basically all do the same thing. Sometimes the controller is a stand-alone circuit board with chips on it, sometimes the controller is an [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] with an add-on board (called a 'shield'). Find more at [[List of electronics]].<br />
<br />
==== ステップモータ ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor]] is a type of electric motor that can be accurately controlled with the controller. Most repraps use 4 to 5 stepper motors. 3 to 4 motors control the x/y/z axis movement (sometimes the z axis is controlled by 2 motors) and 1 motor is used per [[extruder]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Drivers ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|stepper driver]] is a chip that acts as a kind of middle-man between a stepper motor and the controller. It simplifies the signals that need to be sent to the stepper motor in order to get it to move. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on separate circuit boards that are linked to the controller via cables. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on small circuit boards that plug directly into the controller itself. In this case, the controller will have space for at least 4 of these small circuit boards (one for each stepper motor). <br />
<br />
Finally, sometimes the stepper drivers are soldered right onto the controller itself.<br />
<br />
==== End stops ==== <br />
An [[end stop]] is a very small and simple circuit board with a switch of some sort on it that tells the reprap when it has moved too far in one direction. Thus, there's normally 6 of these: 2 for each axis (Most firmware include software settings for max position, which allows for only the min position endstops to be required). A single end stop connects via wires to either: <br />
# The controller. <br />
# A stepper driver board.<br />
<br />
==== ヒートベッド ==== <br />
The print bed is what the RepRap extrudes plastic onto, where the plastic parts are built up.<br />
<br />
While a [[heated bed]] is considered to an optional component of a reprap, it often becomes a necessary and integral part of operating a RepRap over the long-term because, without a heated bed, parts have a tendency to cool down too quickly. This results in warping of corners (as the plastic shrinks while cooling) or the part physically detaching from the print bed too early, ruining the print. <br />
<br />
Heated beds operate on the same principle as a kitchen toaster. They're just giant resistors with a temperature sensor. See also:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]<br />
<br />
=== 追加情報 ===<br />
RepRapの電装系についてもっと知りたいときは[[List of electronics]]を参照。<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== 3次元の挙動 ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a reprap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most repraps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== ベルトとプリー ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your reprap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most repraps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original reprap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most repraps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== 射出機 ==<br />
The extruder is responsible for feeding [[filament]] through a nozzle and melting it as it's deposited onto the bed where the part is made.<br />
<br />
The extruder consists of two parts:<br />
# The cold end<br />
# The hot end<br />
<br />
Normally, the "Cold End" is connected to the "Hot End" across a thermal break or insulator. This has to be rigid and accurate enough to reliably pass the filament from one side to the other, but still prevent much of the heat transfer. The materials of choice are usually PEEK plastic with PTFE liners or PTFE with stainless steel mechanical supports or a combination of all three. <br />
<br />
However, there also exist [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Bowden Extruders]] which separate the hot end from the cold end by a long tube. Bowden extruders are much faster because they are much lighter.<br />
<br />
==== 冷端 ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also. In reality, it's only half of the entire extruder mechanism. The cold end is the part that mechanically feeds material to the hot end, which in turn melts it. <br />
<br />
Popular cold ends are:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== 温端 ====<br />
: See also [[Hot End Design Theory]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== フィラメント ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS stinks and warps but is pretty strong like legos and PLA smells like waffles and is biodegradable (supposedly - I've heard that you'll have to put it in the middle of a super hot compost pile before it even tries to degrade). ABS fumes are also not good for your health. ABS will bend before it breaks and PLA is tougher but when it goes, it breaks. So, if you need a gear for instance, use PLA because it will keep it's shape better.<br />
<br />
=== PIDについて ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/ja]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/fr&diff=182438RepRap Options/fr2018-05-21T12:00:44Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap_Options}}<br />
<br />
''' /!\ Page en cours de traduction /!\ <br />
'''<br />
----<br />
<br />
Cette page a pour but de présenter la manière dont tous les éléments nécessaires pour créer une RepRap s'articulent les uns avec les autres.<br />
<br />
Cette étape est facultative, et si vous souhaitez passer immédiatement à la pratique, alors le mieux est d'aller directement consulter le [[The incomplete reprap beginner's guide/fr|guide incomplet du débutant RepRap]] et la catégorie concernant les [[build instructions|instructions de montage]]. Par ailleurs, vous pouvez également consulter les liens de la section [[#Modèles|Modèles]] ci-dessous.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap Component Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|Structure des composants d'une RepRap]]<br />
<br />
Cela étant dit, pour obtenir une vue plus globale, nous commençons ici par présenter les différents modèles de RepRaps, ainsi que les quatre composants principaux d'une RepRap :<br />
* La chaîne d'outils logiciel,<br />
* L'électronique,<br />
* La structure mécanique,<br />
* L'extrudeur.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Modèles ==<br />
<br />
Le nombre d'[[build instructions|instructions de montage]] détaillées et de qualité pour les RepRaps va grandissant. Cliquez sur les noms sous les images pour en savoir plus sur chaque modèle.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel|Prusa]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:Share-alike|CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Cartesios.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:Share-alike|CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:Share-alike|CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:Share-alike|CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:fr:Licence publique générale GNU|GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90-front.JPG|[[Mendel90]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:GNU General Public License|GPL]], [http://www.creativecommons.org/ Creative Commons]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''licence: [[Wikipedia:Share-alike|CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Chaine d'outils logiciels ==<br />
<br />
La chaine d'outils logiciels peut être grossièrement découpé en 3 parties :<br />
# Logiciels de CAO,<br />
# Logiciels de FAO,<br />
# Firmware pour l'électronique embarqué.<br />
<br />
=== Outils de CAO ===<br />
Les logiciels de Conception Assisté par Ordinateur, ou CAO (CAD en anglais), sont utilisés pour dessiner les pièces en 3D.<br />
''Voir l'article sur Wikipédia : [[Wikipedia:fr:Conception assistée par ordinateur|Conception assisté par ordinateur]]''<br />
<br />
==== Logiciels de CAO ====<br />
Les outils de CAO sont destinés à manipuler facilement des pièces en 3D décrites par un ensemble de paramètres. C'est pour cela que l'on parle parfois de fichiers ''paramétriques''. Les pièces sont généralement représentées par un ensemble de paramètres de [[Wikipedia:fr:Géométrie de construction de solides|géométrie de construction de solides]] (GCS). Les paramètres GCS permettent de représenter les pièces sous la forme d'un graphe d'opérations booléennes appliquées à des formes primitives telles des cubes, des sphères, des cylindres, etc.<br />
<br />
Les applications [[Wikipedia:fr:Free/Libre Open Source Software|free/libre/open-source software (FLOSS)]] appartenant à cette catégorie sont par exemple [[OpenSCAD]] ou [[FreeCAD]]. Concernant les logiciels propriétaires, il existe notamment [[Wikipedia:fr:SolidWorks|SolidWorks]] ou [[Wikipedia:fr:Autodesk Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]]. Voir une liste plus complète de ces logiciels [[Wikipedia:fr:Liste des logiciels CAO pour l'architecture, l'ingénierie et la construction|ici]].<br />
<br />
En général, dans ces logiciels, la géométrie est stockée sous la forme d'un graphe dont les dimensions peuvent être modifiées de manière chiffrée, permettant de générer les formes géométriques avec la plus grande précision. Les formes géométriques sont des représentations mathématiques dans lesquelles, par exemple, un cercle sera représenté par les paramètres que sont son centre et son rayon. Peu importe le niveau de zoome, le cercle restera un cercle.<br />
<br />
Il existe une autre catégorie de programmes de CAO, qui représentent les pièces sous la forme de [[Wikipedia:fr:Mesh (Objet)|mailles de polygones]]. Ces applications sont en général plus utilisées pour les effets spéciaux ou dans les arts. Cette catégorie d'application regroupe notamment [[Wikipedia:fr:Blender|Blender]] ou [[Wikipedia:fr:Art of Illusion|Art of Illusion]] pour les applications libres, ou encore [[Wikipedia:fr:Autodesk 3ds Max|Autodesk]] et [[Wikipedia:fr:SketchU|SketchUp]] pour les applications propriétaires.<br />
<br />
Par ailleurs, il est également possible de créer des pièces directement sur Internet, en via des sites web tels [tinkercad.com tinkerCAD.com] (approche aisée) ou [3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (plus sophistiqué), qui permettent de télécharger la géométrie générée immédiatement.<br />
<br />
Certains des outils mentionnés plus haut utilisent des données paramétriques pour générer les formes géométriques, mais la plupart d'entre eux se contentent d'enregistrer la position des vertex des polygones composant les modèles. Certains utilisent des paramètres pour générer la géométrie, mais oublient ces données une fois la géométrie générée, se contentant de se souvenir des vertex produits. Les courbes sont donc approximées par un ensemble de lignes droites reliant des points. Dans ces conditions, ces outils sont mieux adaptés aux usages pour lesquels la facilité d'utilisation prime sur la précision.<br />
<br />
==== Formats de fichier ====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
=== Outils de FAO ===<br />
Les logiciels de Fabrication Assisté par Ordinateur, ou FAO (CAM en anglais), ont pour but de traduire les fichiers CAO en language machine utilisé par l'électronique des RepRap.<br />
<br />
==== Logiciel de FAO ====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
===== Logiciel de découpe en tranche =====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
===== Interpréteur de G-code =====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
===== Envoyeur de G-code =====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
==== Format de fichier ====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
=== Firmware ===<br />
L'électronique d'une RepRap est piloté par un processeur bon marché comme le processeur [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmel_AVR AVR d'Atmel]. Les processeurs Atmel sont ceux qu'utilisent les cartes Arduino. Ces processeurs sont un peu poussifs, même comparé aux vieux PC de 10 ou 15 ans qu'on trouve dans les poubelles maintenant. Peu importe, ce ''sont'' des processeurs, donc ils savent faire tourner des programmes basiques. Ce programme basique qu'ils font tourner est le ''firmware'' de la RepRap. <br />
<br />
De toute la chaîne de programmes qui fait fonctionner une RepRap, la portion qu'est le firmware est la plus proche de la programmation au sens propre. Techniquement, le terme pour ce que vous faites avec le firmware est appelé [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilateur#Compilation_crois.C3.A9e compilation croisée].<br />
<br />
Ce processus se déroule plus ou moins suivant ces étapes :<br />
# Installé l'[http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software IDE Arduino] sur votre PC.<br />
# Télécharger des codes sources de firmware d'un site web.<br />
# Faites des modifications mineurs au code source pour spécifier quel matériel vous avez.<br />
# Compilez le firmware en utilisant l'[[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] d'Arduino.<br />
# Connectez le contrôleur à votre PC avec un câble USB.<br />
# Charger le firmware dans le processeur de votre contrôleur.<br />
<br />
==== G-codes ====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
==== Logiciel du firmware ====<br />
Pour compiler et charger le firmware sur votre électronique à base d'Arduino, il faut utiliser l'IDE Arduino que vous pouvez télécharger sur le site web Arduino.<br />
<br />
==== Fichiers du firmware ====<br />
... à traduire ...<br />
<br />
== Electronique ==<br />
=== Vue générale ===<br />
En général, tous les électroniques de RepRap sont divisés en 5 différentes parties :<br />
<br />
==== Le contrôleur ====<br />
Le contrôleur est le cerveau de la RepRap. A peu près tous les contrôleurs de RepRap sont basés sur le micro-contrôleur [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]]. Bien que de nombreuses variations existes, elles sont interchangeable et basiquement font la même chose. Parfois, le contrôleur est un circuit autonome avec des puces dessus, parfois le contrôleur est un [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] avec une carte ajouté dessus appelé 'shield'. Pour en voir plus sur le sujet, consultez la [[List of electronics|liste des électroniques]].<br />
<br />
==== Moteurs pas à pas ====<br />
Un [[stepper motor|moteur pas à pas]] est un type de moteur électrique qui peut être contrôlé avec précision à l'aide d'un contrôleur. La plus part des RepRaps utilisent 4 à 5 moteurs pas à pas. 3 à 4 moteurs contrôlent les mouvement des axes x/y/z (parfois l'axe z est contrôlé par 2 moteurs) et 1 moteur pour contrôle l'[[extruder|extrudeur]].<br />
<br />
==== Contrôleur de moteur pas à pas ====<br />
Un [[Stepper_motor_driver|contrôleur de moteur pas à pas]] est un circuit qui a le rôle d'interface entre le contrôleur et le moteur pas à pas. Il permet de simplifier le signal envoyé par le contrôleur pour ensuite le convertir en un signal qui donne les ordres de mouvement adapté au moteur.<br />
<br />
On peut voir les contrôleurs de moteur pas à pas parfois :<br />
* sur des cartes séparés qui sont liés au contrôleur par des câbles.<br />
* sur de petites cartes que l'ont branche directement sur le contrôleur lui-même. Dans ce cas, le contrôleur aura la place pour au moins 4 de ces petites circuits (un pour chaque moteur pas à pas).<br />
* soudés directement sur la carte du contrôleur lui-même. Cette option ne sera pas à privilégier pour une RepRap à stade expérimental.<br />
<br />
==== Fins de courses ====<br />
Un [[end stop|fin de course]] est un circuit très petit et simple avec une sorte d'interrupteur dessus qui signalera à l'imprimante si elle se déplace trop loin dans une direction. Il y en a normalement 6 : 2 sur chaque axe. Une fin de course est connecté par des fils soit :<br />
* au contrôleur.<br />
* au contrôleur de moteur pas à pas.<br />
<br />
==== Le plateau d'impression ====<br />
Le plateau d'impression est sur quoi la RepRap extrude le plastique, où la pièce plastique est construite.<br />
<br />
Bien qu'un [[heated bed|lit chauffant]] est considéré comme optionnel sur une RepRap, il devient souvent nécessaire voir partie intégrante d'une RepRap opérationnel sur le long terme. Sans lit chauffant, les pièces ont tendance à refroidir trop vite. Cela a pour effet de déformer les coins (comme le plastique se rétracte en se refroidissant) ou les pièces se détachent trop tôt du plateau d'impression durant l'impression.<br />
<br />
Le lit chauffant fonctionne suivant le même principe qu'une grille pain. C'est juste une grande résistance avec un capteur de température. voir également :<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed|Lit chauffant PCB]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg Schéma de cablage d'une RAMPS 1.2].<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly|Article sur l'assemblage du lit chauffant d'une Prusa Mendel]]<br />
* [http://reprappro.com/documentation/RepRapPro_Tricolour_heatbed_assembly Article plus récent sur la RepRap pro Tricolor]<br />
<br />
==== Les ventilateurs ====<br />
... à écrire ...<br />
<br />
=== Plus d'info ===<br />
Pour plus d'information sur l'électronique des RepRap, consultez la [[List of electronics|liste des électroniques]].<br />
<br />
== Partie Mécanique ==<br />
Quand on parle de la partie mécanique, cela peut généralement être séparé en 2 parties :<br />
# Entrainement des axes X,Y et Z<br />
# Le plateau d'impression<br />
<br />
=== Axes de déplacement X/Y/Z ===<br />
Quand on fait face à la RepRap :<br />
* L'axe X est le déplacement de la gauche vers la droite.<br />
* L'axe Y est le déplacement du fond vers l'avant.<br />
* L'axe Z est le déplacement du bas vers le haut.<br />
<br />
Les mouvements linéaires sont généralement accomplies en utilisant une des 2 méthodes suivant :<br />
# Poulies et courroie cranté.<br />
# Tige fileté ou vis d'entrainement.<br />
<br />
Poulies et courroies sont bons pour les déplacements rapides avec de faibles masses en mouvement. Alors que la vis sans fin est plus destiné aux mouvements lents transmettant de la force. La plupart des RepRap utilisent une combinaison de courroies pour X/Y et des tiges filetés pour Z.<br />
<br />
==== Courroies et Poulies ====<br />
Quand on parle de précision, le plus important dans votre RepRap est l'ensemble poulie/courroie. L'état actuel de l'art est la courroie GT2, combiné avec une poulie usinée qui correspond parfaitement au diamètre de l'arbre moteur (normalement 5 mm).<br />
<br />
Voici plusieurs ensembles poulie/courroie actuellement (mars 2012) les plus utilisés :<br />
;T5: Ce sont des courroies métrique ''asynchrone''. Elles ont des dents trapézoîdales avec un jeu volontairement pour réduire l'usure et le bruit. Elles sont appropriées pour les applications ''uni-directionnels''. Elles sont difficiles à trouver en Amérique du Nord. Les poulies peuvent être imprimés. En utilisant une poulie imprimé, vous optiendrez une précision équivalente à un ensemble poulie/courroie MXL avec un mauvais diamètre d'alésage.<br />
;T2.5: Comme la T5, ce sont des courroies métrique ''asynchrone''. Elles ont des pas de 2,5 mm (0,098") et les poulies sont imprimables. Avec le même diamètre de poulie, elles ont une meilleur adhérence comparé à la T5 et donneront de meilleurs résultats. Les meilleurs résultats sont avec des poulies métalliques grâce à un profile de denture plus fin.<br />
;MXL: Cela signifie "Mini eXtra-Light". Comme la T5 et la T2.5, ce sont aussi des courroies ''asynchrone'' mais elles sont communes en Amérique du Nord car elles suivent des dimensions impériales. La distance entre dent est 0,08" (2,032 mm). Vous *devriez* être capable de trouvez des poulies qui ont un alésage de 5 mm mais ça n'est pas facile. La plus part des moteurs pas à pas ont des arbres de sortie de 5 mm de diamètre.<br />
;GT2: Ce sont des courroies crantés Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industriel ''synchrone''. Elles ont de bonne caracteristiques technique et à la différence des courroies MXL et T5, la courroie GT2 a des dents rondes avec peu de jeu. Elles sont difficiles à trouver où que ce soit.<br />
<br />
Pour plus de détails, voir [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys|choisir l'ensemble poulie/courroie]].<br />
<br />
==== Tiges filetés ====<br />
Presque toutes les RepRap utilisent des tiges filetés pour l'axe Z exclusivement. L'axe Z n'a pas besoin de bouger rapidement parce que il va généralement vers le haut que d'une fraction de millimètre à la fois. Les tiges filetés sont bonnes pour la précision et la force. Les RepRap ne requièrent pas de force mais certaines [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine-outil_%C3%A0_commande_num%C3%A9rique machines à commande numérique] utilisent des tiges filetés pour les 3 axes.<br />
<br />
==== Note sur le jeu ====<br />
Une chose importante à propos de toutes les solutions de mise en mouvement est le ''jeu''. Le jeu est ce contre coup que vous sentez dans tous les cas, avec une tige fileté ou une poulie/courroie quand vous ''changez de direction''. Ce jeu affecte la précision.<br />
<br />
La T5 et la MXL avaient été initialement dessiné pour être des courroies crantés. Les courroies crantés normalement ne tournent que dans une direction. Le jeu n'est donc pas un problème. Parce que la courroie GT2 a été conçu pour travailler dans les 2 directions, elle sera plus précise.<br />
<br />
La méthode standard pour compenser le jeu d'une tige fileté est d'utiliser 2 écrous et de les mettre en contrainte à l'aide d'un ressort. Ce genre de montage rend sûr que les écrous sont toujours sur le même appui même quand vous changez de direction, la liaison est ferme.<br />
<br />
=== Le plateau d'impression ===<br />
Le plateau d'impression est sur quoi la pièce est imprimée. Le plateau d'impression peut être fixe comme sur la première RepRap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], ou peut bouger suivant les axes x/y/z. La plus part des RepRap ont le plateau qui se déplace suivant l'axe Y mais certaines l'auront aussi qui bougera suivant l'axe Z.<br />
<br />
Le plateau se compose habituellement de 2 parties : les plateaux supérieure et inférieure.<br />
<br />
==== Plateau supérieur ====<br />
Le plateau supérieur est monté sur le plateau inférieur sur des ressorts. Les ressorts permettent de mettre le plateau d'impression de niveau grâce à des vis de réglages. Cela peut aussi parfois réduire ou éviter des dégats en cas de collision entre la tête d'impression et le plateau.<br />
<br />
Le plateau supérieur peut être chauffant ou non. Cela est courament réalisé avec une carte PCB ou en métal. Si le plateau est chauffé, il y aura souvent dessus un plateau en verre maintenu par des pinces bulldog.<br />
<br />
On applique généralement du ruban adhésif sur le plateau d'impression. Cela aide le plastique extrudé à coller sur le plateau d'impression et cela rend également la pièce plus facile à enlever une fois finie. Les 2 rubans adhésif les plus utilisés sont celui de peintre bleu ou le kapton.<br />
<br />
==== Plateau inférieur ====<br />
Il est parfois appelé le plateau grenouille parce que le plateau de la première Mendel avait la forme d'une grenouille.<br />
<br />
Il fourni une base solide sur laquelle le plateau supérieur pourra être fixé. Si le plateau d'impression se déplace suivant un axe, le plateau inférieur sera directement relié au mécanisme qui le permet. Pour l'axe Y, cela signifie souvent la courroie. Et pour l'axe Z, cela signifie souvent des tiges filetées.<br />
<br />
== Extrudeur ==<br />
L'extrudeur fait fondre un [[filament]] pour le faire passer à travers une buse et le déposer sur le plateau d'impression.<br />
<br />
L'extrudeur est composé de 2 parties :<br />
# La partie froide (cold end)<br />
# La partie chaude (hot end)<br />
<br />
Normalement, la "partie froide" est connecté à la partie chaude par un isolant. Cela doit être rigide et suffisamment précis pour transferrer le filament d'un coté à l'autre, tout en évitant la transmission de chaleur. Les matériaux choisis sont habituellement des plastique PEEK avec sur couche de PTFE ou du PTFE avec un support en acier inoxydable ou une combinaison des trois.<br />
<br />
Il existe aussi [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|des extrudeurs Bowden]] qui séparent la partie chaude de la partie froide avec une gaine. Les extrudeurs Bowden sont plus rapides parce que plus léger sur la tête d'impression.<br />
<br />
=== Partie froide (cold end) ===<br />
Cela peut être un peu perturbant car les gens ont tendance a appeler le partie froide "extrudeur". En faite ce n'est que la moitié de l'extrudeur. La partie froide est le mécanisme qui alimente la partie chaude en matière qui la fera fondre.<br />
<br />
Les parties froide (cold ends) populaires sont :<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* Greg's hinged extruder<br />
<br />
=== Partie chaude (hot end) ===<br />
La partie chaude est ce qui fait fondre la matière (couramment PLA ou ABS). En général, la partie chaude est basiquement un tube métallique avec :<br />
# Une résistance qui va chauffer suffisamment fort pour faire fondre le plastique (couramment 180°C ou plus)<br />
# Une [[thermistor|thermistance]] qui mesure la température du tube métallique<br />
L'électronique gère la température grâce à la thermistance, fait monter ou descendre la température en faisant varier la tension qui traverse la résistance.<br />
<br />
Les parties chaude (hot ends) populaires sont :<br />
* [[J-head]]<br />
* [[LulzBot/Budaschnozzle|Budaschnozzle]]<br />
<br />
=== Filament ===<br />
Généralement, on utilise 1 ou 2 types de filament : ABS ou PLA. L'ABS sent mauvais et il n'est pas bon d'en respirer les émanations, mais il est solide comme les lego. Le PLA sent comme les gauffres et est biodégradable (supposé, il semble qu'il faille le mettre au milieu d'une pile de composte super chaude pour qu'il y est un début de dégradation).<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Parfois vous allez entendre parler de [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gulateur_PID PID] à propos des extrudeurs. Un PID est un algorithme en boucle fermé que les ingénieurs utilisent depuis des années. C'est basiquement une équation pour stabiliser un système qui tendrait à osciller.<br />
<br />
Par exemple, quand vous conduisez votre voiture sur la route, vous fonctionnez suivant un principe similaire au PID en ajustant en permanence avec le volant pour que votre voiture suive la route. Si vous le faites petit à petit, la trajectoire est fluide. Mais si vous attendez de toucher les lignes pour corriger, vous allez faire des zig zag sur la route. La trajectoire ne sera pas aussi optimisé.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/fr]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/it&diff=182437RepRap Options/it2018-05-21T12:00:04Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
== Vista complessiva di una RepRap ==<br />
(****28/03/2015 IN COSTRUZIONE ****)<br />
<br />
Questa pagina offre una visione generale delle parti che compongono una RepRap.<br />
<br />
Tuttavia se si desidera passare immediatamente alla costruzione si possono visitare, per maggiori informazioni, le pagine "[[The incomplete RepRap beginner's guide]]" e "[[Build_instructions]]". Per ulteriori informazioni si possono anche visitare le pagine accessibili attraverso i link riportati nella sezione [[RepRap Options/it#Modelli|Modelli]] presente in questa pagina.<br />
<br />
[[File:Struttura RepRap.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|Moduli di una RepRap.]]<br />
<br />
Per avere una visione generale di una stampante RepRap è utile dare uno sguardo ai vari modelli riportati più avanti nella pagina per poi esaminare più in dettaglio i quattro moduli principali.<br />
<br />
* Gli strumenti software.<br />
* I componenti elettronici.<br />
* Le parti meccaniche.<br />
* L'estrusore.<br />
<br />
== Modelli ==<br />
<br />
L'universo RepRap è in costante espansione, di seguito sono riportati alcuni modelli. <br />
Fate click sul nome del modello scelto, riportato sotto l'immagine, per aprire una pagina dove è viene descritto in modo approfondito.<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:Towersimple.jpg|[[TowerSimple]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimple]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''licenza:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''licenza: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:KunPrinter-K86.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas 3D Printer]] (''licenza: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''licenza: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== '''Strumenti software''' ==<br />
<br />
I software necessari all'uso di una RepRap possono essere suddivisi in tre gruppi:<br />
<br />
# Strumenti CAD<br />
# Strumenti CAM<br />
# Firmware di controllo per i componenti elettronici<br />
<br />
<br />
'''== Strumenti CAD =='''<br />
<br />
Con l'acronimo C.A.D. (Computer Aided Design) si identificano tutti quei programmi che mettono a disposizione gli strumenti necessari alla realizzare dei disegni tecnici degli oggetti da stampare.<br />
<br />
== Software ==<br />
Per [[Wikipedia:Computer-aided_design|Strumenti CAD]] si intendono tutti quei programmi che permettono di creare o modificare il progetto di un oggetto, o parti di esso, per mezzo di strumenti grafici definiti all'interno dei programmi stessi. Il metodo di rappresentazione più comunemente usato è il C.S.G. o [[Wikipedia:Constructive solid geometry|Geometria Solida Costruttiva]]. Utilizzando questo metodo gli oggetti possono essere rappresentati come una sequenza di operazioni booleane eseguite su forme geometriche semplici, dette primitive, come cubi, sfere, cilindri, piramidi, etc...<br />
<br />
I programmi CAD si dividono in due principali categorie:<br />
<br />
Free/Libre/Open Source Software (F.L.O.S.S Software).<br />
Tra i programmi che ricadono in questa categoria possiamo citare OpenSCAD, FreeCAD, HeeksCAD e molti altri.<br />
<br />
Proprietari e totalmente parametrici. <br />
In questa categoria possiamo citare PTC Creo (precedentemente chiamato PTC Pro/Engineer), Dassault Solidworks, Autodesk Inventor e molti altri.<br />
<br />
Normalmente in questi programmi le caratteristiche geometriche di un'oggetto sono memorizzate in una struttura ad albero dove i valori numerici delle singole proprietà possono essere modificate dall'operatore: una volta modificate l'oggetto è ridisegnato nuovamente dal programma mantenendo sempre la massima precisione. Per rappresentazione geometrica si intende un modo di rappresentare l'oggetto in modo matematico, per esempio di un disco vengono memorizzate le coordinate del centro, la dimensione del raggio, il tipo di linea, lo spessore ed il colore della linea che deliminta la circonferenza ecc. ecc. Da questo modo di descrivere gli oggetti deriva l'aggettivo "parametrico". Non importa quanto ingrandiamo o riduciamo le dimensioni dell'oggetto perchè il programma lo rappresenterà sempre con la massima pecisione, il cerchio creato dai parametri descrittivi avrà le stesse caratteristiche del cerchio originale ed il programma CAD non avrà problemi a trovare il suo centro quando si fa click su di esso. Questa caratteristica risulta molto utile per esempio quando si devono rimuovere delle sezioni concentriche da un cerchio disegnato.<br />
Un'altra ampia categoria di strumenti CAD sono tutti quei programmi che permettono di rappresentare in 3D gli oggetti disegnati. Queste applicazioni tipicamente sono usate per rappresentare in 3D oggetti non ancora esistenti, per esempio per vedere come verrà il progetto di una casa o di un'auto o per realizzare effetti speciali e opere artistiche. Tra i programmi che appartengono alla categoria "F.L.O.S.S." possiamo citare Blender e Art of Illusion, mentre della categoria "proprietari" possiamo citare Autodesk 3D Studio Max, Autodesk Alias, Google SketchUP e molti altri.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/it]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Options/es&diff=182436RepRap Options/es2018-05-21T11:59:29Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines/es]]<br />
<br />
Esta página intenta explicar, en general, como se ensamblan todas las piezas para crear una RepRap.<br />
<br />
Sin embargo, si quieres dejar a un lado todo esto y poner manos a la obra directamente entonces tu mejor apuesta será echarle un vistaso a La guía incompleta para principiantes de reprap y a la categoría de instrucciones de construcción. Adicionalmente a estas guías, también querrás visitar los links en la sección de modelos más abajo.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|Componente de la estructura de una RepRap.]]<br />
<br />
Habiendo dicho lo anterior, para obtener una perspectiva de alto nivel, debemos empezar discutiendo los diferentes modelos de repraps, para posteriormente abordar los cuatro componentes principales de una reprap:<br />
<br />
*Las herramientas de software.<br />
*La electrónica.<br />
*El cuerpo mecánico.<br />
*El extrusor.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Modelos ==<br />
<br />
¡Estos días hay un número creciente de distintos modelos de impresoras 3d, por suerte existen detalladas guías de construcción para las RepRaps! <br />
Haga clic sobre el nombre debajo de los cuadros para ver más sobre cada diseño. <br />
<br />
Si usted es cyberpunk puede armarse una de las [[RepStrap]].<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:kunprinter_pro.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:SimpleXL.jpg|[[TowerSimpleXL]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimpleXL]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''license:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Lui.png |[[case-rap 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas 3D Printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:AdaptoFlex.jpg|[[Adapto Flex]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto Flex]]<br />
File:0Z3M2ab.jpg|[[E1x]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[E1x]]<br />
File:nelu_Delta_robot_v2.png|[[Nelu]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3d_printer_nelu]]<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Molestock]]<br />
File:2015-08-02_ToyREP-Final.jpg |[[ToyREP]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[ToyREP]]<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[XI3]]<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[ITopie]]<br />
File:magikisfabrikis.png|[[Magikis Fabrikis]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Magikis_Fabrikis]]<br />
File:Snappy_small.png|[[Snappy]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Snappy]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
File:3DoneP5.jpg|[[3Done]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[3Done]]<br />
File:Prusa i3 ION.PNG|[[Prusa i3 ION]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 ION/es]]<br />
</gallery></div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Build_a_RepRap&diff=182435Build a RepRap2018-05-21T11:59:04Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{merge from | Resources }}<br />
<br />
This page attempts to make some sense, in general, of how all the pieces fit together to create a RepRap.<br />
<br />
However, if you want to skip all this stuff and get straight to getting your hands dirty then your best bet is to take a look at [[The incomplete RepRap beginner's guide]] and the [[build instructions]] category. In addition to those guides, you may also want to take a look at the links under the [[RepRap Options#Models|Models]] section below.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRap Component Structure.]]<br />
<br />
That being said, to get a higher-level overview, we must start with discussing the different models of RepRaps, then go on to the four main components of a RepRap: <br />
* The software toolchain.<br />
* The electronics.<br />
* The mechanical body.<br />
* The extruder.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Models ==<br />
<br />
These days there are a growing number of many great and detailed [[build instructions]]<br />
for RepRaps! Click on the name below the pictures to see more about each design.<br />
<br />
If you're steampunk or just like to get away without commercial kits, there are also [[RepStrap]]s.<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Fisher]]<br />
File:kunprinter_pro.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:SimpleXL.jpg|[[TowerSimpleXL]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimpleXL]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''license:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Lui.png |[[case-rap 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPL|GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA|CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Atomxfirst.jpg|[[AtomX]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[AtomX]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:AdaptoFlex.jpg|[[Adapto Flex]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto Flex]]<br />
File:0Z3M2ab.jpg|[[E1x]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[E1x]]<br />
File:nelu_Delta_robot_v2.png|[[Nelu]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3d_printer_nelu]]<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Molestock]]<br />
File:2015-08-02_ToyREP-Final.jpg |[[ToyREP]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[ToyREP]]<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[XI3]]<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[ITopie]]<br />
File:magikisfabrikis.png|[[Magikis Fabrikis]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Magikis_Fabrikis]]<br />
File:Snappy_small_v3.0.png|[[Snappy 3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Snappy 3]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
File:3DoneP5.jpg|[[3Done]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[3Done]]<br />
File:JennyPrinter_minimalist.jpg|[[JennyPrinter minimalist]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[JennyPrinter_minimalist]]<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[SpatialOne]]<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')|link=[[RepRap Intro]]<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 ION.PNG|[[Prusa i3 ION]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 ION]]<br />
File:se1x_rrp.jpg.png|[[sE1X]] (''license: [[gpl]]'')|link=[[sE1x]]<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro_(Light).PNG|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]]<br />
File:reprap_pyramid_1.jpg|[[Reprap Pyramid]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Reprap Pyramid]]<br />
File:reprap_next_01.jpg|[[Reprap Next]] |link=[[ReprapNext]]<br />
File:I3-2xz.jpg|[[2Xz]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[2xz]]<br />
File:Chimera-Steel.jpg|[[Chimera]] |link=[[Chimera]]<br />
File:Kit_web.jpg |[[Egyptian RepRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Egyptian RepRap]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Software Toolchain ==<br />
<br />
The software toolchain can be roughly broken down into 3 parts:<br />
# CAD tools.<br />
# CAM tools.<br />
# Firmware for electronics.<br />
<br />
=== CAD Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Design, or CAD, tools are used to design 3D parts for printing.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:Computer-aided_design|CAD tools]] in the truest sense are designed to allow you to easily change and manipulate parts based on parameters. Sometimes CAD files are referred to as ''parametric'' files. They usually represent parts or assemblies in terms of [[Wikipedia:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry]], or CSG. Using CSG, parts can be represented as a tree of boolean operations performed on primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, etc. <br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|Free/Libre/Open Source Software]] (''[[Wikipedia:Alternative_terms_for_free_software|FLOSS]]'') applications that fall into this category would be [[OpenSCAD]], [[FreeCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]]. Examples of [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|proprietary]] and fully parametric CAD tools are [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (formerly PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]].<br />
<br />
Typically in such programs the geometry is stored in a feature tree where the dimensions can be modified numerically, and the geometry is then regenerated with great precision. The geometry is a mathematical representation where, for example, a circle is generated from its center, radius and plane parameters (hence, "parametric"). No matter how much you zoom in, a circle is still curved, and the CAD program has no problem finding its center when you click on it. This can be quite beneficial when making drawings with dimensions between the circle and sections that need to be concentrically removed.<br />
<br />
Another looser category of CAD tool would be apps that represent parts as a 3D [[Wikipedia:Polygon mesh|Polygon mesh]]. These applications are meant to be used more for special effects and artistic applications. They also seem to be a little more user-friendly. [[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|FLOSS]]-apps in this category would be [[Wikipedia:Blender_(software)|Blender]] and [[Wikipedia:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|Proprietary]] tools are [[Wikipedia:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:Google_Sketchup|SketchUp]] and more.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, you can create forms with just a web-browser at certain websites, such as [http://tinkercad.com TinkerCAD.com] (easy) or [http://3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (more sophisticated), those permit you to download the resulting geometry.<br />
<br />
Some of the tools mentioned above also use parametric data to generate the geometries, but a lot just register the positions of the vertices of the polygons making up the models. Some use parameters to generate the geometry but then drops that data once the vertices are placed. A curve is thus actually an approximation, generated from a number of straight lines between points. As such, those tools are better suited for design where the precision of dimensions are less important than looks and ease of use.<br />
<br />
If you want to print as less possible material as possible; design parts optimised by volume in function of strains, you may use topology optimization through non-commercial-use-only software such as Topostruct (see sawapan.eu website), BESO, or free-open-source-use such as Topy, a topology optimization software written in Python by the brilliant William Hunter (see google code topy page).<br />
<br />
It might be useful to have a lattice engineering software, that will create a support of your part or fill the part to save material. One of the most used is Materialize Magics, but there is also Netfabb. Both are proprietary software's, not free.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
Most of the time 3D software apps save their files in an application-specific format, which in the case of proprietary CAD tools usually are frequently changed and heavily guarded trade secrets.<br />
<br />
There are very few interchangeable CAD [[File Formats|file formats]]. The two most widely used interchangeable CSG file formats are [[File Formats|STEP]] and [[File Formats|IGES]]. Both strip the geometries from parametric data and offer only "dead" solids. Features can be added and removed, but the base shape is locked. ''There is to date no industry-wide interchangeable file format that retain parametric data''.<br />
<br />
The most widely used interchangeable mesh file format is [[File Formats|STL]]. STL files are important because, as we will see below, they are used by CAM tools.<br />
<br />
Mesh files cannot be converted into CSG file formats because they contain no parametric data - only the coordinates of the polygon vertices that make up the solid volume. However, CSG file formats ''can'' be converted into mesh file formats. <br />
<br />
Thus, if you're designing a part, it's a good idea to design it using a CSG CAD application and save and distribute its original parametric file along with generated STL files.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Parametric file format<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP export format<br />
File:STL.png|STL mesh format<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, or CAM, tools handle the intermediate step of translating CAD files into a machine-friendly format used by the RepRap's electronics. More info is on the [[CAM Toolchains]] page.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
<br />
===== Slicing Software =====<br />
In order to turn a 3D part into a machine friendly format, CAM software needs an [[File Formats|STL]] file. The machine friendly format that is used for printing is called [[G-code]]. Early versions of RepRaps used a protocol called [[SNAPComms|SNAP]] but industry standard G-codes are now used. To Convert STL files to G-code, you can use one of the following programs: <br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Fast and full featured - works with [[MatterControl]])(open source)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Still one of the best and highly recommended for accurate prints<br />
# [[Cura]] (Also includes G-Code sender)(Extremely fast and accurate)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Popular solution for most RepRappers)(Lots of bugs in every release)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Fast and accurate with very few bugs)(Closed source)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Online Slic3r solution)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (All-In-One Paid Suite)<br />
<br />
The STL to G-code conversion slices the part like salami, then looks at the cross section of each slice and figures out the path that the print head must travel in order to squirt out plastic, and calculates the amount of filament to feed through the extruder for the distance covered.<br />
<br />
(Normally you don't need to repair, edit or manipulate STL files directly, but if you do, you might find the software at [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files]] useful).<br />
<br />
<br />
===== G-code interpreter =====<br />
After you have your G-code file, you have to run it through a G-code interpreter. This reads each line of the file and sends the actual electronic signals to the motors to tell the RepRap how to move. There are two main ways to run a G-code interpreter:<br />
<br />
<br />
1) The most common way is to interpret G-code in the firmware of a microcontroller. Typically, the microcontroller is [[wikipedia:Atmel AVR|AVR]]-based which is what's used in the [[wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]]. In order to transfer the g-codes to the microcontroller, you need a way to send the g-code to the microcontroller. See below for more details.<br />
<br />
<br />
2) The alternate way is to interpret G-code using software that runs on a multi-purpose O/S such as linux. Two examples are [[EMC]] and [[Redeem]]. With these types of interpreters, THERE IS NO GCODE SENDER. The operating system communicates directly with special hardware that controls the motor signals. For EMC, it typically uses the computer's parallel port. For Redeem, it uses the [http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_PRU_Notes PRU] built into the Texas Instruments ARM CPU on the [[wikipedia:BeagleBoard|Beaglebone Black]].<br />
<br />
<br />
===== G-code sender =====<br />
To send the G-code files to a microcontroller's g-code interpreter, you need to either to:<br />
<br />
# Load the G-code file on an memory card (typically SD card) if supported.<br />
# Drip-feed the G-codes (usually a line at a time) over a serial port (RS-232 or TTL level, often used with a USB converter) or a direct USB connection using one of the following programs on your workstation:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[RepRaptor]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
:* [https://github.com/minad/3delta 3Delta]<br />
Some of the options are cross platform while others will only work with certain operating systems or prefer specific integrated firmware interpreters.<br />
<br />
==== Part Files ====<br />
The main files use by CAM tools are [[File Formats|STL]] and [[File Formats|G-code]] files. CAM tools convert STL files into G-code files. The official STL files for [[Mendel]] are stored in the RepRap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] repository. To get a copy of these files, run the following commands in ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
This will create a directory full of STL files that you can then give to your neighbor that already has a RepRap and they can print out the parts for you. You will also notice that this directory contains [[File Types|AoI files]]. These files are for [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. It is the CAD application that was used to design the parts and then save them as STL files.<br />
<br />
=== Firmware ===<br />
Reprap electronics are controlled by an inexpensive CPU such as the Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what Arduino-based microcontrollers use. These processors are very wimpy compared to even the average 10 to 15 year old PC you find in the dump nowadays. However, these ''are'' CPUs so they do run primitive software. This primitive software they run is the Reprap's ''firmware''.<br />
<br />
Of the entire software chain that makes the Reprap work, the firmware portion of it is the closest you get to actual programming. Technically, the term for what you are doing with firmware is called [[Wikipedia:Cross compiler|cross compiling]]. <br />
<br />
This process more or less consists of the following steps:<br />
# Install the [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] on your PC.<br />
# Download some firmware source code from a website.<br />
# Make some minor changes to the source code to specify what hardware you have.<br />
# Compile the firmware using the Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]].<br />
# Connect the controller to your PC via a USB cable.<br />
# Upload the firmware to your controller's CPU.<br />
<br />
Some electronics like [[Smoothieboard]] require a custom firmware. <br />
<br />
<br />
==== G-codes ====<br />
After your microcontroller has its firmware loaded, it is ready to accept [[G-code]]s via the software-emulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port RS-232 serial port] (aka COM port). This port shows up when you plug in your arduino to the PC via USB. You can either use a program to send these G-codes over the serial port or you can type them in by hand if you fire up a plain-old terminal application like hyperterm or minicom. If you use a program, they generally take files in [[File Formats|gcode]] format.<br />
<br />
For all available firmwares see ''[[List of Firmware]]''. The following is a brief list of the most popular firmware:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
* [[Smoothie]]<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
To compile and upload firmware to your arduino-based electronics, you use the arduino IDE that you can download from the arduino website.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
The firmware files are usually packaged as source code for an Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] project. Arduino source code consists of a bunch of [[File Formats|PDE]] (or as of Arduino ver 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) files along with some extra <tt>.cpp</tt> and <tt>.h</tt> files thrown in. The Arduino IDE compiles the source code into a single <tt>.hex</tt>file. When you click on the upload icon in the Arduino IDE, it uploades the .hex file to the electronics.<br />
<br />
== More Info ==<br />
In a nutshell, here's a short summary of everything above except CAD software:<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== Electronics ==<br />
<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
In general, all RepRap electronics are broken down into five different areas:<br />
<br />
==== The controller ==== <br />
The controller is the brains of the RepRap. Almost all RepRap controllers are based on the work of the [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] microcontroller. While a lot of variations exist, they are exchangeable and basically all do the same thing. Sometimes the controller is a stand-alone circuit board with chips on it, sometimes the controller is an [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] with an add-on board (called a 'shield'). Find more at [[List of electronics]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Motors ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor]] is a type of electric motor that can be accurately controlled with the controller. Most RepRaps use four or five stepper motors. Three or four motors control the x/y/z axis movement (sometimes the z axis is controlled by two motors) and one motor is used per [[extruder]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Drivers ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|stepper driver]] is a chip that acts as a kind of middle-man between a stepper motor and the controller. It simplifies the signals that need to be sent to the stepper motor in order to get it to move. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on separate circuit boards that are linked to the controller via cables. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on small circuit boards that plug directly into the controller itself. In this case, the controller will have space for at least 4 of these small circuit boards (one for each stepper motor). <br />
<br />
Finally, sometimes the stepper drivers are soldered right onto the controller itself.<br />
<br />
==== End stops ==== <br />
An [[end stop]] is a very small and simple circuit board with a switch of some sort on it that tells the RepRap when it has moved too far in one direction. Thus, there's normally six of these: two for each axis (most firmware include software settings for max position, which allows for only the minimum position end stops to be required). A single end stop connects via wires to either:<br />
# The controller.<br />
# A stepper driver board.<br />
<br />
==== Heated Bed ==== <br />
The print bed is what the RepRap extrudes plastic onto, where the plastic parts are built up.<br />
<br />
While a [[heated bed]] is considered to be an optional component of a RepRap, it often becomes a necessary and integral part of operating a RepRap over the long-term because, without a heated bed, parts have a tendency to cool down too quickly. This results in warping of corners (as the plastic shrinks while cooling) or the part physically detaching from the print bed too early, ruining the print. <br />
<br />
Heated beds operate on the same principle as a kitchen toaster. They're just giant resistors with a temperature sensor. See also:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly|The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]]<br />
<br />
=== More Information ===<br />
To see more details about RepRap electronics, take a look at the [[List of electronics]] page.<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== X/Y/Z Axis Motion ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a RepRap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most RepRaps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== Belts and Pulleys ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your RepRap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5&nbsp;mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most RepRaps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original RepRap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most RepRaps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== Extruder ==<br />
: main article: [[:Category:Extruders]]<br />
<br />
The extruder is responsible for feeding [[filament]] through a nozzle and melting it as it's deposited onto the bed where the part is made.<br />
<br />
The extruder consists of two parts:<br />
# The cold end<br />
# The hot end<br />
<br />
Normally, the "Cold End" is connected to the "Hot End" across a thermal break or insulator. This has to be rigid and accurate enough to reliably pass the filament from one side to the other, but still prevent much of the heat transfer. The materials of choice are usually PEEK plastic with PTFE liners or PTFE with stainless steel mechanical supports or a combination of all three. <br />
<br />
However, there also exist [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Bowden Extruders]] which separate the hot end from the cold end by a long tube. Bowden extruders are much faster because they are much lighter.<br />
<br />
==== Cold End ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also. In reality, it's only half of the entire extruder mechanism. The cold end is the part that mechanically feeds material to the hot end, which in turn melts it. <br />
<br />
Popular cold ends are:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== Hot End ====<br />
: See also [[Hot End Design Theory]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== Filament ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS is strongly scented when melted and warps but is relatively strong whereas PLA is said to smell like waffles and is biodegradable. ABS fumes are detrimental to one's health. ABS will bend before it breaks whereas PLA is relatively brittle. Consequently, for delicate structural roles, PLA should be used, however, for other purposes, ABS can be ideal.<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tantillus_R&diff=182434Tantillus R2018-05-21T11:53:39Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:Tantillus_R_logo_coloured.png | 400px]]</center><br />
<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Development<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Tantillus_R_001.jpg<br />
|name = Tantillus R<br />
|description = tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
|license = [[GPLv3]]<br />
|author = Toolson and Protoprinter<br />
|reprap =Tantillus<br />
|url = https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R<br />
|url = http://scheuten.me/?page_id=1056<br />
|categories = [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]] <br />
{{tag|Traveling RepRap}}<br />
{{tag|Cartesian-XY-head}}<br />
|cadModel = [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
}} <br />
= Tantillus R =<br />
<br />
Introducing Tantillus R. <br />
<br />
A tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
<br />
R = reborn = tribute to Sublime's inspirational work on original Tantillus from 2012<br />
<br />
= Status =<br />
<br />
May 13, 2018<br />
* initial release of the Tantillus R and a full documentation<br />
<br />
= Design goals =<br />
<br />
√ highly portable <br />
√ ultra low moving mass<br />
√ compact design<br />
√ commonly available parts and materials<br />
√ precise but cheap to build<br />
√ easy to build<br />
√ able to print with insane accelarations<br />
√ no ugly aluminium extrusions<br />
√ laser cut acrylic case (5mm)<br />
√ high energy efficiency<br />
√ Belt driven Z axis, now threaded rods<br />
≈ Belt upgrades. (For those of you who just have to have belts)<br />
≈ CNC milled wooden case (6,3mm)<br />
≈ laser cut steel case (3mm)<br />
∅ lets see what happens ;)<br />
<br />
√ Complete | ≈ Current Development | ∅ Future Development<br />
<br />
<br />
= Specifications =<br />
<br />
Outer dimensions:<br />
<br />
Laser cut version<br />
* 220mm x 220mm x 300mm <br />
<br />
Build Area:<br />
* 100mm x 100mm x 100mm<br />
<br />
<br />
= Features =<br />
<br />
* It can print all of its own parts.<br />
* Designed to use Merlin hotend.<br />
* Internally mounted extruder with bowden cable.<br />
* Internal power supply.<br />
* Internal Raspberry Pi with host software.<br />
* Static part cooling, all fans/blowers are fixed<br />
* Uses an interesting drive train: low cost braided fishing line instead of cheap quality belts (It wraps 5 times around the rod and then goes through a hole and wraps an additional 5 times resulting in no slip). This is a roll on roll off system with a fixed anchor in the middle.[[Category:DriveTrains]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|center|800 px|Tantillus R]]<br />
<br />
= Forum thread =<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?279,817116 international]<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,818009 german]<br />
<br />
= External Links =<br />
<br />
* [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R Toolson's blog]<br />
* [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/Tantillus Sublime's original Tantillus from 2012]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Machines/de&diff=182431RepRap Machines/de2018-05-20T17:31:21Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{Portal Header/de}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Diese Seite unterliegt ständigen Änderungen, da es immer wieder Fortschritte gibt und Informationen enthält die vielleicht entfernt werden.<br />
<br />
== 3D Drucker ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3/de|Prusa i3]] (''Lizenz: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel/de]] (''Lizenz: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:P3Steel_Render.jpg|[[P3Steel]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wolfy.jpg|[[Wolfy]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Morgan_Pro2.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework Introduction/de|Prusa i3 Rework]] (''Lizenz: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos/de|Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''Lizenz: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:snowden.jpg|[[Prusa Snowden]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[Prusa XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Ei3.jpg |[[Prusa EI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HE3D-K200.jpg |[[K200]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HardyGrav1.png |[[HardyGraph]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:LabRap_1.0_Perspective.jpg|[[LabRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Sigma3D.jpg|[[Sigma3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:Garpom.jpg|[[Garpom]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:Tripteron_Full.png|[[Tripteron]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:maxresdefault.jpg|[[Blocks zero]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Valentia_3D_v0_3_open_with_spool.jpg|[[Valentia]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Chimera.jpg|[[Chimera]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:q3d_2.jpg|[[Q3d]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== CNC Router Maschinen ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:MaduixaCNCpic01.jpg|[[MaduixaCNC]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Roboterplattformen ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:RepArm_mk1.jpg |[[RepArm mk1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]] [[Category:Categories/de| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tantillus_R&diff=182392Tantillus R2018-05-19T17:40:04Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:Tantillus_R_logo_coloured.png | 400px]]</center><br />
<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Development<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Tantillus_R_001.jpg<br />
|name = Tantillus R<br />
|description = tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
|license = [[GPLv3]]<br />
|author = Toolson and Protoprinter<br />
|reprap =Tantillus<br />
|url = https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R<br />
|url = http://scheuten.me/?page_id=1056<br />
|categories = [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]] [[:Category:Cartesian-XY-head|XY-head]] [[Category:Cartesian-XY-head]] <br />
|cadModel = [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
}} <br />
= Tantillus R =<br />
<br />
Introducing Tantillus R. <br />
<br />
A tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
<br />
R = reborn = tribute to Sublime's inspirational work on original Tantillus from 2012<br />
<br />
= Status =<br />
<br />
May 13, 2018<br />
* initial release of the Tantillus R and a full documentation<br />
<br />
= Design goals =<br />
<br />
√ highly portable <br />
√ ultra low moving mass<br />
√ compact design<br />
√ commonly available parts and materials<br />
√ precise but cheap to build<br />
√ easy to build<br />
√ able to print with insane accelarations<br />
√ no ugly aluminium extrusions<br />
√ laser cut acrylic case (5mm)<br />
√ high energy efficiency<br />
√ Belt driven Z axis, now threaded rods<br />
≈ Belt upgrades. (For those of you who just have to have belts)<br />
≈ CNC milled wooden case (6,3mm)<br />
≈ laser cut steel case (3mm)<br />
∅ lets see what happens ;)<br />
<br />
√ Complete | ≈ Current Development | ∅ Future Development<br />
<br />
<br />
= Specifications =<br />
<br />
Outer dimensions:<br />
<br />
Laser cut version<br />
* 220mm x 220mm x 300mm <br />
<br />
Build Area:<br />
* 100mm x 100mm x 100mm<br />
<br />
<br />
= Features =<br />
<br />
* It can print all of its own parts.<br />
* Designed to use Merlin hotend.<br />
* Internally mounted extruder with bowden cable.<br />
* Internal power supply.<br />
* Internal Raspberry Pi with host software.<br />
* Static part cooling, all fans/blowers are fixed<br />
* Uses an interesting drive train: low cost braided fishing line instead of cheap quality belts (It wraps 5 times around the rod and then goes through a hole and wraps an additional 5 times resulting in no slip). This is a roll on roll off system with a fixed anchor in the middle.[[Category:DriveTrains]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|center|800 px|Tantillus R]]<br />
<br />
= Forum thread =<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?279,817116 international]<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,818009 german]<br />
<br />
= External Links =<br />
<br />
* [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R Toolson's blog]<br />
* [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/Tantillus Sublime's original Tantillus from 2012]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tantillus_R&diff=182391Tantillus R2018-05-19T07:22:01Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:Tantillus_R_logo_coloured.png | 400px]]</center><br />
<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Development<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Tantillus_R_001.jpg<br />
|name = Tantillus R<br />
|description = tiny, highly protable and precise 3D printer<br />
|license = [[GPLv3]]<br />
|author = Toolson and Protoprinter<br />
|reprap =Tantillus<br />
|url = https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R<br />
|url = http://scheuten.me/?page_id=1056<br />
|categories = [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]] [[:Category:Cartesian-XY-head|XY-head]] [[Category:Cartesian-XY-head]] <br />
|cadModel = [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
}} <br />
= Tantillus R =<br />
<br />
Introducing Tantillus R. <br />
<br />
A tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
<br />
R = reborn = tribute to Sublime's inspirational work on original Tantillus from 2012<br />
<br />
= Status =<br />
<br />
May 13, 2018<br />
* initial release of the Tantillus R and a full documentation<br />
<br />
= Design goals =<br />
<br />
√ highly portable <br />
√ ultra low moving mass<br />
√ compact design<br />
√ commonly available parts and materials<br />
√ precise but cheap to build<br />
√ easy to build<br />
√ able to print with insane accelarations<br />
√ no ugly aluminium extrusions<br />
√ laser cut acrylic case (5mm)<br />
√ high energy efficiency<br />
≈ Belt upgrades. (For those of you who just have to have belts)<br />
≈ CNC milled wooden case (6,3mm)<br />
≈ laser cut steel case (3mm)<br />
∅ lets see what happens ;)<br />
<br />
√ Complete | ≈ Current Development | ∅ Future Development<br />
<br />
<br />
= Specifications =<br />
<br />
Outer dimensions:<br />
<br />
Laser cut version<br />
* 220mm x 220mm x 300mm <br />
<br />
Build Area:<br />
* 100mm x 100mm x 100mm<br />
<br />
<br />
= Features =<br />
<br />
* It can print all of its own parts.<br />
* Designed to use Merlin hotend.<br />
* Internally mounted extruder with bowden cable.<br />
* Internal power supply.<br />
* Internal Raspberry Pi with host software.<br />
* Static part cooling, all fans/blowers are fixed<br />
* Uses an interesting drive train: low cost braided fishing line instead of cheap quality belts (It wraps 5 times around the rod and then goes through a hole and wraps an additional 5 times resulting in no slip). This is a roll on roll off system with a fixed anchor in the middle.[[Category:DriveTrains]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|center|800 px|Tantillus R]]<br />
<br />
= Forum thread =<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?279,817116 international]<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,818009 german]<br />
<br />
= External Links =<br />
<br />
*[https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R Toolson's blog)]<br />
*[https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
<br />
<br />
*[http://reprap.org/wiki/Tantillus Sublime's original Tantillus from 2012]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tantillus_R&diff=182390Tantillus R2018-05-19T07:21:02Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:Tantillus_R_logo_coloured.png | 400px]]</center><br />
<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Development<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Tantillus_R_001.jpg<br />
|name = Tantillus R<br />
|description = tiny, highly protable and precise 3D printer<br />
|license = [[GPLv3]]<br />
|author = Toolson and Protoprinter<br />
|reprap =Tantillius<br />
|url = https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R<br />
|url = http://scheuten.me/?page_id=1056<br />
|categories = [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]] [[:Category:Cartesian-XY-head|XY-head]] [[Category:Cartesian-XY-head]] <br />
|cadModel = [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
}} <br />
= Tantillus R =<br />
<br />
Introducing Tantillus R. <br />
<br />
A tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
<br />
R = reborn = tribute to Sublime's inspirational work on original Tantillus from 2012<br />
<br />
= Status =<br />
<br />
May 13, 2018<br />
* initial release of the Tantillus R and a full documentation<br />
<br />
= Design goals =<br />
<br />
√ highly portable <br />
√ ultra low moving mass<br />
√ compact design<br />
√ commonly available parts and materials<br />
√ precise but cheap to build<br />
√ easy to build<br />
√ able to print with insane accelarations<br />
√ no ugly aluminium extrusions<br />
√ laser cut acrylic case (5mm)<br />
√ high energy efficiency<br />
≈ Belt upgrades. (For those of you who just have to have belts)<br />
≈ CNC milled wooden case (6,3mm)<br />
≈ laser cut steel case (3mm)<br />
∅ lets see what happens ;)<br />
<br />
√ Complete | ≈ Current Development | ∅ Future Development<br />
<br />
<br />
= Specifications =<br />
<br />
Outer dimensions:<br />
<br />
Laser cut version<br />
* 220mm x 220mm x 300mm <br />
<br />
Build Area:<br />
* 100mm x 100mm x 100mm<br />
<br />
<br />
= Features =<br />
<br />
* It can print all of its own parts.<br />
* Designed to use Merlin hotend.<br />
* Internally mounted extruder with bowden cable.<br />
* Internal power supply.<br />
* Internal Raspberry Pi with host software.<br />
* Static part cooling, all fans/blowers are fixed<br />
* Uses an interesting drive train: low cost braided fishing line instead of cheap quality belts (It wraps 5 times around the rod and then goes through a hole and wraps an additional 5 times resulting in no slip). This is a roll on roll off system with a fixed anchor in the middle.[[Category:DriveTrains]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|center|800 px|Tantillus R]]<br />
<br />
= Forum thread =<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?279,817116 international]<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,818009 german]<br />
<br />
= External Links =<br />
<br />
*[https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R Toolson's blog)]<br />
*[https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
<br />
<br />
*[http://reprap.org/wiki/Tantillus Sublime's original Tantillus from 2012]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap_Machines&diff=182389RepRap Machines2018-05-18T20:44:50Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{Portal Header}}<br />
<br />
<br />
This page is a work in progress and contains information that might be removed<br />
<br />
== 3D Printers ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:P3Steel_Render.jpg|[[P3Steel]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wolfy.jpg|[[Wolfy]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Morgan_Pro2.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Visuel Prusa i3 Rework.png|[[Prusa i3 Rework]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Foldaslot36.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPLv3]]'')<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 Hephestos.png|[[Prusa i3 Hephestos]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:WoodMAXi3.jpg|[[WoodMAX_i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3xl.jpg |[[i3xl printer]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3a.jpg |[[i3a]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')<br />
File:snowden.jpg|[[Prusa Snowden]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[Prusa XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Ei3.jpg |[[Prusa EI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HE3D-K200.jpg |[[K200]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:HardyGrav1.png |[[HardyGraph]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:LabRap_1.0_Perspective.jpg|[[LabRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Sigma3D.jpg|[[Sigma3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:Garpom.jpg|[[Garpom]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:Tripteron_Full.png|[[Tripteron]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:maxresdefault.jpg|[[Blocks zero]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Valentia_3D_v0_3_open_with_spool.jpg|[[Valentia]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Chimera.jpg|[[Chimera]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:q3d_2.jpg|[[Q3d]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Milling/Router Machines ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')<br />
File:MaduixaCNCpic01.jpg|[[MaduixaCNC]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Robotic Platforms ==<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=3><br />
File:RepArm_mk1.jpg |[[RepArm mk1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tantillus_R&diff=182388Tantillus R2018-05-18T20:40:33Z<p>Toolson: Created page with "<center> 400px</center> {{Languages}} {{Development |status = working |image = Tantillus_R_001.jpg |name = Tantillus R |description ..."</p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:Tantillus_R_logo_coloured.png | 400px]]</center><br />
<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Development<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Tantillus_R_001.jpg<br />
|name = Tantillus R<br />
|description = tiny, highly protable and precise 3D printer<br />
|license = [[GPLv3]]<br />
|author = Toolson and Protoprinter<br />
|reprap =Tantillius<br />
|url = https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R<br />
|url = http://scheuten.me/?page_id=1056<br />
|categories = [[:Category:RepRap machines|RepRap machines]] [[:Category:Cartesian-XY-head|XY-head]] [[Category:Cartesian-XY-head]] <br />
|cadModel = [https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
}} <br />
= Tantillus R =<br />
<br />
Introducing Tantillus R. <br />
<br />
A tiny, highly portable and precise 3D printer<br />
<br />
R = reborn = tribute to Sublime's inspirational work on original Tantillus from 2012<br />
<br />
= Status =<br />
<br />
May 13, 2018<br />
* initial release of the Tantillus R and a full documentation<br />
<br />
= Design goals =<br />
<br />
√ highly portable <br />
√ ultra low moving mass<br />
√ compact design<br />
√ commonly available parts and materials<br />
√ precise but cheap to build<br />
√ easy to build<br />
√ able to print with insane accelarations<br />
√ no ugly aluminium extrusions<br />
√ laser cut acrylic case (5mm)<br />
√ high energy efficiency<br />
≈ Belt upgrades. (For those of you who just have to have belts)<br />
≈ CNC milled wooden case (6,3mm)<br />
≈ laser cut steel case (3mm)<br />
∅ lets see what happens ;)<br />
<br />
√ Complete | ≈ Current Development | ∅ Future Development<br />
<br />
<br />
= Specifications =<br />
<br />
Outer dimensions:<br />
<br />
Laser cut version<br />
* 220mm x 220mm x 300mm <br />
<br />
Build Area:<br />
* 100mm x 100mm x 100mm<br />
<br />
<br />
= Features =<br />
<br />
* Dt can print all of its own parts.<br />
* Designed to use Merlin hotend.<br />
* Internally mounted extruder with bowden cable.<br />
* Internal power supply.<br />
* Internal Raspberry Pi with host software.<br />
* Static part cooling, all fans/blowers are fixed<br />
* Uses an interesting drive train: low cost wire rope (fishing wire) or High test Braided fishing line instead of cheap quality belts (It wraps 5 times around the rod and then goes through a hole and wraps an additional 5 times resulting in no slip). This is a roll on roll off system with a fixed anchor in the middle.[[Category:DriveTrains]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|center|800 px|Tantillus R]]<br />
<br />
= Forum thread =<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?279,817116 international]<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,818009 german]<br />
<br />
= External Links =<br />
<br />
*[https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R Toolson's blog)<br />
*[https://github.com/toolson/Tantillus_R/ GIThub repo]<br />
<br />
<br />
*[http://reprap.org/wiki/Tantillus Sublime's original Tantillus from 2012]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg&diff=182387File:Tantillus R 001.jpg2018-05-18T20:37:24Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Tantillus_R_logo_coloured.png&diff=182386File:Tantillus R logo coloured.png2018-05-18T20:32:56Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Step_rates/de&diff=181769Step rates/de2018-02-25T12:19:03Z<p>Toolson: Change table titles to a more precise version.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
Eins vorweg: bei 300&nbsp;mm/s sind Genauigkeiten im Mikrometerbereich völlig unrealistisch, also machen 0,9°-Motoren und 1/32 Microstepping so gut wie keinen Sinn. Für die dabei auftretenden Kräfte sind die aktuellen Druckkerrahmen und -antriebe nicht annähernd genau genug. Für derartige Präzision muss man mit geringeren Geschwindigkeiten leben.<br />
<br />
== Erreichbare Schrittraten ==<br />
<br />
'''Schrittrate''' bezeichnet die höchste Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine bestimmte Elektronik-Firmware-Kombination Impulse an den Schrittmotor-Treiber abgeben kann. Sie hängt vor Allem von der auf dem Controller verwendeten CPU, dessen Taktfrequenz und dem in der Firmware verwendeten Algorithmus zur Berechnung der Motorbewegungen ab. Da dies bei RepRap-typischen Anwendungen mehrere tausend Impulse pro Sekunde sind, wird sie meist in Kilohertz (kHz) angegeben.<br />
<br />
Die ATmega-basierten Elektroniken sind, abgesehen von der Taktfrequenz, alle gleich schnell. Egal ob der grosse ATmega2560, der kleine ATmega168, oder irgendwas dazwischen. Bei ARM-basierten Elektroniken ist die Sache etwas komplexer.<br />
<br />
<s>Der bisherige Streit</s> Die bisherige Diskussion (Stand Juli 2014) um die erreichbaren Schrittraten geht wie folgt:<br />
<br />
* Marlin/Repetier auf ATmega 16&nbsp;MHz (z.B. RAMPS) im Single Step: <10.000 Schritte/Sekunde (10&nbsp;kHz).<br />
* [[Teacup Firmware]] auf ATmega 20&nbsp;MHz (z.B. [[Generation 7 Electronics | Gen7]]): 53&nbsp;kHz.<br />
* Marlin/Repetier auf ATmega 16&nbsp;MHz im Quadstep-Modus (ungleichmässige Schrittverteilung): <40kHz für Marlin (Repetier ?!?).<br />
* Repetier auf RADDS: 96&nbsp;kHz.<br />
* Marlin4Due auf RADDS: min. 107.7 kHz (Stand 26.April 2015), Quadstepping 293kHz. (Aktuell sollte dieser höher liegen)<br />
<br />
== Schrittrate messen ==<br />
<br />
# Motor (ohne Drucker) an den Controller anschliessen.<br />
# Höchstes Microstepping am Controller jumpern, um die Motordrehzahl gering zu halten.<br />
# Geschwindigkeitbegrenzung in der Firmware sehr hoch einstellen (65000 mm/min oder 1000 mm/s).<br />
# Eine mässige Beschleunigung, z.B. 100 mm/s<sup>2</sup> einstellen (die Beschleunigungsphase ist die kritische Phase).<br />
<br />
Dann Verfahrbefehle mit steigender Geschwindigkeit schicken:<br />
<br />
G1 X1000 F20000<br />
G1 X0 F22000<br />
G1 X1000 F24000<br />
...<br />
<br />
Immer schneller, bis der Controller anfängt, sich zu verschlucken (kurze, hörbare Aussetzer oder das Motorgeräusch hört ganz auf). Aus der erreichten Geschwindigkeit kann man dann die dafür notwendige Schrittrate errechnen.<br />
<br />
Die Drehzahlgrenze des Motors ist inzwischen auch eine Grenze. Bleibt der Motor stehen, obwohl das Geräusch weiter gleichmässig ist, kommt der Controller immer noch hinterher.<br />
<br />
Eine Messung mit Messgeräten, z.B. einem Oszilloskop, ist unzuverlässiger, da dort kurze Unterbrechungen nicht erfasst werden. Eine schlecht programmierte Firmware kann zum Beispiel kurze Unterbrechungen produzieren, die zu Motorstillstand führen, wenn gerade etwas über die serielle Schnittstelle herein kommt.<br />
<br />
== Durch Schrittrate erreichbare Verfahrgeschwindigkeiten ==<br />
<br />
Jeder Schrittimpuls bewegt den Schrittmotor einen Schritt weiter. Wird Microstepping verwendet, bewegt jeder Impuls den Motor um einen Mikroschritt weiter. Die erreichbare Geschwindigkeit des Motors hängt also nicht nur von der erreichbaren Schrittrate, sondern auch stark vom eingestellten Microstepping ab.<br />
<br />
Berechnung:<br />
<br />
# [[Triffid Hunter's Calibration Guide#XY steps | Steps/mm berechnen]]. Dabei wird das Microstepping und auch der Druckeraufbau, z.B. die Zähnezahl des verwendeten Pulleys, berücksichtigt.<br />
# Erreichbare Verfahrgeschwindigkeit = (Erreichbare Schrittrate) / (Steps/mm)<br />
<br />
'''Bemerkung''': in vielen Fällen ist die Verfahrgeschwindigkeit durch andere Umstände als die mögliche Schrittrate des Controllers begrenzt, zum Beispiel durch die Grenzdrehzahl einer Spindel. In diesen Fällen bringt ein Wechsel von einem ausreichend schnellen zu einem noch schnelleren Controller keine Vorteile in Bezug auf die Verfahrgeschwindigkeiten.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! width="35%" |<br />
! {{Vertical|3em|11em|Steps/mm}}<br />
! {{Vertical|3em|11em|Theoretische Genauigkeit}}<br />
! {{Vertical|3em|11em|Marlin/Repetier auf&nbsp;ATmega&nbsp;16&nbsp;MHz}}<br />
! {{Vertical|3em|11em|Teacup&nbsp;Firmware auf&nbsp;ATmega&nbsp;20&nbsp;MHz}}<br />
! {{Vertical|3em|11em|Marlin/Repetier auf&nbsp;ATmega&nbsp;16&nbsp;MHz im&nbsp;Quadstep&nbsp;Modus}}<br />
! {{Vertical|3em|11em|Repetier&nbsp;auf&nbsp;RADDS im&nbsp;Singlestep&nbsp;Modus}}<br />
|-<br />
| 0,9°-Stepper, 14-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/16 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 228,57 || align="right" | 4,38&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 70&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 234&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 293&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 420&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 0,9°-Stepper, 14-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/32 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 457,14 || align="right" | 2,19&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 35&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 117&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 146&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 210&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 0,9°-Stepper, 14-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/128 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 1828,6 || align="right" | 0,547&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 8,7&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 29&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 37&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 52&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 0,9°-Stepper, 16-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/16 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 200 || align="right" | 5&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 80&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 268&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 335&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 480&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 0,9°-Stepper, 16-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/32 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 400 || align="right" | 2,5&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 40&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 134&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 168&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 240&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 0,9°-Stepper, 16-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/64 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 800 || align="right" | 1,25&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 20&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 67&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 84&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 120&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 0,9°-Stepper, 16-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/128 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 1600 || align="right" | 0,625&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 10&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 33&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 42&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 60&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 0,9°-Stepper, 36-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/32 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 177,78 || align="right" | 5,625&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 90&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 301&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 377&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 540&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 0,9°-Stepper, 36-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/64 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 355,56 || align="right" | 2,8125&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 45&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 150&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 188,5&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 270&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 0,9°-Stepper, 36-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/128 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 711,12 || align="right" | 1,4063&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 22,5&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 75&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 94&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 135&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, 14-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/16 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 114,29 || align="right" | 8,75&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 140&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 467&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 586&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 840&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, 14-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/32 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 228,57 || align="right" | 4,38&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 70&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 234&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 293&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 420&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, 14-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/128 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 914,29 || align="right" | 1,09&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 17&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 58&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 73&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 105&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, 16-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/16 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 100 || align="right" | 10&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 160&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 536&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 670&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 960&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, 16-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/32 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 200 || align="right" | 5&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 80&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 268&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 335&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 480&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, 16-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/64 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 400 || align="right" | 2,5&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 40&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 134&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 168&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 240&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, 16-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/128 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 800 || align="right" | 1,25&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 20&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 67&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 84&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 120&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, 36-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/32 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 88,89 || align="right" | 11,25&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 180&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 603&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 754&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 1080&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, 36-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/64 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 177,78 || align="right" | 5,625&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 90&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 301&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 377&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 540&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, 36-Zähne-GT2-Pulley, 1/128 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 355,56 || align="right" | 2,8125&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 45&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 150&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 188,5&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 270&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, M8 Gewindestange, 1/8 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 1280 || align="right" | 0,781&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 12&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 41&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 52&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 75&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, M8 Gewindestange, 1/32 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 5120 || align="right" | 0,195&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 3,1&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 10&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 13&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 19&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, M8 Gewindestange, 1/128 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 20480 || align="right" | 0,0488&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 0,78&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 2,6&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 3,3&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 4,7&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, Tr10x3 Spindel, 1/8 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 533,33 || align="right" | 1,875&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 30&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 100&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 126&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 180&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, Tr10x3 Spindel, 1/32 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 2133,3 || align="right" | 0,469&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 7,5&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 50&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 31&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 45&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 1,8°-Stepper, Tr10x3 Spindel, 1/128 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 8533,3 || align="right" | 0,117&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 1,9&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 6,3&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 7,8&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 11&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|-<br />
| 0.9°-Stepper, M5 Gewindestange, 1/128 Microstepping<br />
| align="right" | 64000 || align="right" | 0,0156&nbsp;&mu;m<br />
| align="right" | 0,25&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 0,83&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 1,0&nbsp;mm/s<br />
| align="right" | 1,5&nbsp;mm/s<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Stepper motors/de]]<br />
[[Category:Firmware/de]]<br />
[[Category:Calibration/de]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=P3Steel&diff=181480P3Steel2018-01-24T21:33:41Z<p>Toolson: Picture added</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:P3Steel_Logo_12_wiki.png]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[P3Steel|English]] • [[P3Steel/es|Español]] • [[P3Steel/it|Italiano]]</center><br />
----<br />
<center>[[P3Steel|Introduction]] | [[P3Steel Bill of materials|Bill of materials]] | [[P3Steel Proteins|Proteins]] | [[P3Steel Vitamins|Vitamins]] | [[P3Steel Steel Frame Parts Painting|Painting the steel frame parts]] | [[P3Steel main steel frame assembly|Main steel frame assembly]] | [[P3Steel Y axis assembly|Y-axis assembly]] | [[P3Steel X axis assembly|X-axis assembly]] | [[P3Steel Connecting X axis and Z axis|Connecting X-axis and Z-axis]] | [[P3Steel Motor assembly|Motor assembly]] | [[P3Steel X and Y axis motions|X and Y-axis motions]] | [[P3Steel Heated bed assembly|Heated bed assembly]] | [[P3Steel Extruder assembly|Extruder assembly]] | [[P3Steel Electronics and wiring|Electronics and wiring]] | [[P3Steel Extras|Extras]]</center><br />
----<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = P3Steel<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Leonardo.png<br />
|description = Remix of ''Twelvepro's'' redesign of ''Josef Prusa's'' '''''i3'''''<br />
|license = [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ CC BY-NC 3.0]<br />
|author = irobri<br />
|reprap = Prusa i3<br />
|categories =<br />
{{tag|Clone wars/es}},<br />
{{tag|Working developments}},<br />
{{tag|Mendel Variations}},<br />
{{tag|Cartesian-XZ-head}},<br />
{{tag| Prusa i3 Derivate}}<br />
|url = [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:157303 Thingiverse]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
The '''''P3Steel''''' is a remix of ''Twelvepro's'' redesign of ''Josef Prusa's'' '''''i3'''''.<br />
<br />
''Leonardo'' - the prototype '''''P3Steel''''' printer - was designed and built by ''Irobri'' in April 2013, after attending a local Maker show in Zaragoza, Spain.<br />
<br />
The main frame structure, built from laser-cut 3mm steel, is extremely strong and simple to assemble, and eliminates the need for several printed parts due to the use of steel parts instead of threaded rods for the "Y" subframe (as in the original Prusa i3 and many of its variants).<br />
<br />
[[Image:P3Steel_Render.jpg|left|thumb|200px|P3Steel V1.2 Renderization]]<br />
<br />
;Steel as a building material has several advantages over e.g. aluminum: <br />
:Steel is one of the least expensive building materials available - structural steel is 10 times cheaper than aluminum. <br />
:Laser cutting steel is easier and cheaper than cutting aluminum. <br />
:Steel is stronger than aluminum.<br />
<br />
;Disadvantages: <br />
:Steel is 3 times heavier than aluminum, although this could be considered both an advantage and a disadvantage, in the sense that a heavier frame does not tend to vibrate as much as a lighter frame. Also, if we consider the total weight of the printer, the difference between an aluminum frame and a comparable steel frame is not that much (around 2.5kg extra).<br />
:Structural (carbon) steel requires painting or galvanizing for protection against corrosion. Stainless steel, of course, does not require painting.<br />
<br />
The P3Steel design is for 3mm thick steel and with lots of carvings to reduce weight. All square holes and tabs have special rounded corners for accommodating corresponding parts and give a very good fit between parts.<br />
<br />
The design has slots for M3 nuts in the places where the screws fit so no threading is required.<br />
<br />
== Improvements over the standard ''Prusa i3'' ==<br />
<br />
*Stronger frame due to the use of structural steel.<br />
*Solves the frame flexing thanks to its reinforcement squares.<br />
*Simplifies the construction, eliminating the complex subframe of threaded rods in the Y-axis.<br />
*Once assembled, everything is in place, no adjustments needed.<br />
*Eliminates the need for several printed parts.<br />
*The steel mounts for motors and rods are much stronger than their plastic counterparts.<br />
*The only two threaded rods needed are the ones for the Z-axis (5mm).<br />
*Uses shorter smooth rods lowering the build costs.<br />
*Once assembled, it forms a compact, solid structural unit that can be transported as a block.<br />
<br />
== Main dimensions (frame version 2.0) ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:P3S_Dimensional_drawing.png|600px|P3Steel main measures]]<br />
<br />
[http://www.reprap.org/mediawiki/images/2/26/P3S_Dimensional_drawing.png Enlarge image]<br />
<br />
= Frame versions =<br />
<br />
The P3Steel frame design has evolved since it release. Here are the various versions and how they differ:<br />
<br />
'''Version 1.2''': Leonardo, original printer, the one I made.<br />
<br />
'''Version 2.0''': After some requests from a Spanish group building around 30 printers, I have modified the bed, now it holds with 4 LM8UU instead of 3 and it has also a system to level with 3 points instead of the original 4, it should be easier with this new design. I kept the original 4 points also just in case someone still wants to use them. I included in the gallery some 3D renders of the new bed. The rest of the printer is exactly the same as version 1.2<br />
<br />
Everything snaps together and holds with M3x12 screws (mainly), I also used nylon self locking nuts to prevent future problems due to vibration.<br />
<br />
The printer uses 8mm chromed smooth rods (Z axis: 2 x 320mm, Y axis: 2 x 341mm and X axis: 2 x 375mm) and only two M5 threaded rods (295mm approx. each since depends on motor coupling and if you want some to stick out through the top) for the Z axis, printed parts required came from a standard Prusa i3, you only need the parts for the X axis assembly and the extruder.<br />
<br />
The printer structure is assembled quite fast and needs no adjustments. The electronics are installed on either side of the frame, horizontally, holes provided are for an Arduino mega and RAMPS 1.4. <br />
Motors are NEMA 17, GT2 pulleys, LM8UU and 608zz bearings. <br />
Hotend is budas type, but depending on the extruder plastic parts, will also accommodate J-head and E3D hotends. The hotbed is the standard MK2B.<br />
<br />
'''Version 2.01''' (by AndrewBCN): this is exactly the same as version 2.0 except for the changes listed below.<br />
* The interference between the Y stepper and the M3 nyloc nut holding the Y stepper support has been solved by stretching the support by 2mm (see the [[P3Steel Y axis assembly]] page for details).<br />
* The frame has been stretched by 9mm, '''meaning the Y-axis 8mm smooth rods should now be 350mm long''' (same as the original Prusa i3), and not 341mm long anymore (4mm have been added to the front and 5mm to the back).<br />
* Two 3mm holes have been added along the sides of the front Y-axis subframe, one on each side, to attach optional accessories / cable ties to the frame.<br />
* The practically useless part that could eventually be used as a Y belt holder has been deleted (there are much better designs that can simply be printed).<br />
<br />
CAD file for version 2.01: [[File:PRUSA_i3_steel_3mm_lasercut_2.01d_irobri.dwg]]<br />
(generated with DraftSight 2014, use a recent version of DraftSight or SolidWorks to open)<br />
<br />
(see the Discussion tab for justification of these changes)<br />
<br />
'''Version 2.5''' (by AndrewBCN): this is a dual Bowden extruder capable, slightly enlarged P3Steel variant derived from my earlier P3Steel 2.01 variant. In keeping with the KISS philosophy of the original P3Steel and avoiding changing something that works, as few changes as possible were made in relation to version 2.01:<br />
<br />
* The frame is 10mm wider. This is achieved by making the central plate and the two Y-axis end plates 10mm wider. Note that the distance between the Y-axis smooth rods remains the same..<br />
* The frame is 10mm taller. This is achieved by making the central plate and the two side panels 10mm taller.<br />
* The holes to mount the Arduino Mega 2560 + RAMPS board are 10mm higher, increasing the clearance for the USB cable.<br />
* There is an added cutout in each of the side panels to keep the frame weight in the same range as the original P3Steel 2.01.<br />
* There are two stepper motor cutouts, one on each side panel, for mounting two optional Bowden extruders.<br />
* All screw holes now have the same diameter, 3.2mm (the holes for the electronics on the side panels were previously specified at 2.6mm diameter for later tapping with M3 threads, this is now deprecated).<br />
<br />
Apart from the minor changes above, '''nothing else is changed'''.<br />
<br />
Note that making the printer 10mm wider and 10mm taller does not really result in an increase in the print envelope, rather it makes it easier to achieve the original print envelope of the Prusa i3 (200 x 200 x 200mm or 8l).<br />
<br />
Also note that use of the Bowden extruder stepper mounts is optional. Basically the P3Steel 2.5 DXL can still be built exactly like the original P3Steel, with a single Greg's Wade's Geared Extruder on the X-carriage, or one can use a single Bowden extruder mounted on either sidepanel, or two Bowden extruders mounted on both sidepanels.<br />
<br />
CAD file for version 2.5 (zipped): [[File:PRUSA_i3_steel_3mm_lasercut_2.5DXL_e_irobri.dwg.zip]]<br />
(generated with DraftSight 2014, use a recent version of DraftSight or SolidWorks to open)<br />
<br />
(see the Discussion tab for justification of these changes)<br />
<br />
Also note that versions 3.0 and 4.0 mentioned below are not derived from either versions 2.01 or 2.5, they are independent developments by their respective authors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Version 4.0''' (By Alvaro Rey and Daniel Torres) From Version 3.0 (By Ghosthawk) with the listed changes<br />
<br />
*The extruder no longer hits the Z axis top bracket<br />
*Y axis belt tensioner ( that may be placed printed or metallic )<br />
*Weight reduction cutting as much material as possible<br />
*Holes to bolt to the PSU<br />
*Electronics as high as possible so that the cables are well hidden LCD<br />
*Holes in the top bracket of the Z axis to position bearing<br />
*Holes in the top bracket of the Z axis to place spool holder<br />
*Axis movable to lose the least footprint<br />
*Y axis bed it's suitable to install 20x20 heated beds or 20x30 heated beds<br />
*The hole for the motor connector has been enlarged , allowing install engines below 70 OZ<br />
*Bed with option for 3 or 4 bearings<br />
*Bed with choice of 4 or 3 leveling points<br />
*Holes for Zip ties was added to the main frame<br />
<br />
The Y-Axis rods have been changed, now uses 10mm rods ans LM10UU lineal Bearing<br />
We recomended use aluminum beds for y axis.<br />
<br />
We test aluminum frame too in 3mm. It works just the same<br />
<br />
'''20x30 Frame''' - the Y-axis '''10mm smooth rods''' should now be 510mm long<br />
<br />
This version use aluminum beds, in orther to reduce weight in Y-Axis<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/AlvaroRey/P3Steel_V4_20x30 20x30 Frame]<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BxUhvFbuwEAZfkJDUUE0bm1pTXNfMFRKemdUUzJNZ2xIT0xybFJLdmdyQV9MZGFpcG42UlE&authuser=0<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200px perrow=3><br />
File:P3sTE_MK2.jpg | P3 stell toolson Edition MK2<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
'''P3steel toolson edition'''<br />
<br />
The P3steel toolson edition uses the unmodified steel parts from a unmodified P3Steel v2.01 or v2.5 frame, but nearly every 3d printed plastic part has been improved:<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?406,569018 "P3steel - toolson edition" discussion on the RepRap forums]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1054909 "P3steel - toolson edition"] on Thingiverse<br />
<br />
'''P3steel toolson edition MK2'''<br />
The successor of version 1. X and Y axis are equipped with sinterbronze bearing for best print quality, printer lifetime and extreme low noise level.<br />
* [http://http://scheuten.me/?page_id=708 "P3steel - toolson edition MK2"] on toolson's blog<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,639055 "P3steel - toolson edition MK2" discussion on the german RepRap subforums]<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''Version PROBOT''' (by Arturo René Echanique Torres, madrid3DPrint)<br />
<br />
This version of P3Steel bets on a totally different design, looking for simplicity.<br />
<br />
* It allows both the placement of beds 20x20 and 30x20 by means of two pieces of steel that extend the base for the bed of 20x20.<br />
* The bobbin holder is integrated in the structure and does not protrude.<br />
* A steel tensioner has been designed on the Y-axis which simplifies the tedious tensioning of the belt on this shaft in P3Steel.<br />
* The filament holder is so wide that it allows the placement of two coils simultaneously.<br />
<br />
Files DWG and DXF<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_Da6EGfd1Wzc0N0NFdBNndsSUE<br />
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_Da6EGfd1WzMWhHcG00eWhvZVU/view?usp=sharing<br />
<br />
Printed piece (spacer) to be placed on the tensioner Y<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_Da6EGfd1WzU3hwV0VQbW9JZ0E<br />
<br />
Image<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_Da6EGfd1WzWWNXMGhnUkNZUGM<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Version PROBOT All Steel''' (by inven.es)<br />
<br />
In collaboration with Arturo, we have started from its PROBOT version including the improvements developed by Claudio (revolucion3D), to develop the '''P3Steel PROBOT All METAL''' model. Trying to improve the obsolescence of the 3d maker printer by eliminating all plastic structural parts we have also improved the stability when printing at high speeds.<br />
<br />
The improvements provided by this version:<br />
* Improves obsolescence of the structure by not carrying plastic parts.<br />
* The printer has no vibration during printing at high speeds, improving the quality of the parts.<br />
* An X-axis tensioner is included in the structure.<br />
* Calibration becomes easier with the X and Z axis calibration screws.<br />
* A complete assembly and calibration manual has been developed in Spanish.<br />
<br />
List of parts PROBOT All Metal<br />
* http://inven.es/img/estructura_probot.png<br />
<br />
List of rod PROBOT All Metal<br />
* http://inven.es/img/varillas_probot.png<br />
<br />
Image of the printer PROBOT All Metal<br />
* http://inven.es/img/probot.png <br />
* http://inven.es/1007-thickbox_default/inven-3d-kit-impresora-3d-probot.jpg<br />
<br />
= Assembly animation =<br />
<br />
<videoflash>In_Q6NkX3fs</videoflash><br />
<br />
<br />
On YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=In_Q6NkX3fs<br />
<br />
= Assembly manual =<br />
<br />
*Assembly PDF: [[File:Montaje_PSteel.pdf]]<br />
*Online manual: [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/es/blog/manual-p3steel-c10 Complete assembly manual online]<br />
*Youtube videos By 3DEspana.com [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLW5u-qoyP0Dow_6YL16cTuECf70N5ZQTO YouTube - P3Steel Pro] <br />
*Assembly step by step 3DEspana.com [http://wiki3despana.com/wiki3despana/index.php?title=P3Steel_Pro_V2 Wiki with photos - P3Steel Pro]<br />
<br />
= Modification to use Spindles =<br />
<br />
To use 10mm diameter spindles we need to separate the smooth rod and the spindle, leaving room for the nut and bearing parts in the X axis. Therefore some adaptation is required. We have designed a few pieces for use them in the original structure, so the changes were minimal.<br />
<br />
This file [[File:Adaptacion_Husillos.zip]] contains the OpenSCAD design files along with some other files to support for visualizing the set.<br />
<br />
= Where to buy =<br />
<br />
*[http://www.hta3d.com/en/P3STEEL-DIY-KIT HTA3D] Full kit for P3Steel from 367€, 20x20x21cm actual printing volume, direct drive extruder with Mk8 and hotend V6, cable chain and much more.<br />
* [http://www.3despana.com/kit-de-impresora-3d/375-kit-completo-prusa-i3-p3steel-3de-pro-mk9-mk3.html 3DESPANA.COM] Full kit available send to worldwide Good price.<br />
*[http://orballoprinting.com Orballo Printing] Worldwide shipping!<br />
*[http://www.iberobotics.com/shop/product_info.php?cPath=94&products_id=418&language=en IBEROBOTICS Shop] - Complete kit. Optional mounting service. <br />
*RepRap Forum https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/asrob-uc3m-impresoras-3d/waJV15JftZ4/TTAb1bQ4mPQJ (Stainsless Steel, S235, Rods...) We ship to EU.<br />
* [http://ifusionshop.com/index.php?id_product=136&controller=product&id_lang=1 iFusionShop]<br />
* [http://inven.es/kit-impresoras-3d/383-inven-3d-kit-impresora-3d-prusa-p3-steel-all-metal-low-cost.html '''INVEN'''] '''P3Steel All Metal kit from 300€''' with all metal parts in galvanized steel and 1.75mm MK8 extruder, also its evolved version "PROBOT All metal" with hotbed of 300x200.<br />
* [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/es/kits-impresora-3d/8-kit-reprap-mendel-prusa-i3-p3steel.html#/solucion-de-electronica-arduino-mega-2560-clon-ramps-1-4/fuente-incluida-no-ya-tengo-una/lcd-controller-no/hot-end-e3d-v6-lite-nozzle-0-4-filamento-1-75mm/marco-acero-galvanizado-p3steel-frame/tipo-de-plastico-no-quiero-gracias-/steppers-stepper-a4988-driver/montada-y-calibrada-no/cadeneta-no KITPRINTER3D] (required vitamins to make a P3Steel from a [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/en/3d-printer-kits/71-kit-upgrade-desde-prusa-i3-a-p3steel.html Prusa i3]), complete kits starting at 409€ VAT included, check our [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/en/3d-printer-kits/8-reprap-mendel-prusa-i3-kit.html#/board-arduino-mega-ramps/fuente-incluida-no-i-ve-already-got-one/lcd-controller-no/hotend-e3d-v6-lite-nozzle-0-4-filamento-1-75mm/tipo-de-plastico-no-thank-you/steppers-stepper-a4988-driver/montada-y-calibrada-no/cadeneta-portacable-no/frame-p3steel-xl-300x200mm XL version] with 300x200mm printing surface. <br />
* [http://createc3d.com/shop/es/impresoras-3d/168-comprar-kit-prusa-i3-steel-impresora-3d-precio.html CREATEC 3D]<br />
* [http://makershopbcn.com/en/ MakerShop BCN] in Barcelona, Spain. Version 2.01 of the frame in structural steel only + 8mm stainless steel smooth rods, ships to EU, with reasonable rates.<br />
* [http://www.impresoras3dprusai3.com.mx/ Impresoras 3D en México] (CIUDAD DE MEXICO) D.F. Kit Prusa i3 Steel con marco en acero estructural, varillas acero inoxidable.<br />
* [http://www.reprap.pt REPRAP.PT] in Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic parts.<br />
*[https://garagedays3d.com/shop/mechanics/p3steel-galvanized-steel-frame/ Garage Days 3D]<br />
* [https://createc3d.com/shop/es/19-kit-impresoras-3d '''CREATEC 3D'''] '''Kit P3Steel PSIQUE All Metal from 395€ ''' with all metal parts and E3D V6 original hotend, also upgrade to 20x30cm heatbed available and much more.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
[[File:Clone-Wars-logo.png|border|100px|link=Proyecto Clone Wars]]<br />
| [[Proyecto Clone Wars]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== License ==<br />
While the authors of this derivative work claim the licence to be CC BY-NC-SA, the original [[Prusa i3]] was released under GPL v3. The GPL (all versions) oblige all derivative work or ensemble containing material under GPL to also be [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html licensed under GPL -§5.c)- ]. This is the 'viral' part of the GPL. <br />
<br />
So, modifying the license and adding restriction is not permitted and the license of all derivative remains GPL. This is unavoidable and as the work is already published, the authors cannot go back even if removing documents, which may be rightly republished by others under the real licence - with all attributions -.<br />
<br />
== Related ==<br />
<br />
* The P3Steel is not to be confused with the [[3Done]] P3.<br />
<br />
[[Category:P3Steel|P3Steel]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:P3sTE_MK2.jpg&diff=181479File:P3sTE MK2.jpg2018-01-24T21:23:16Z<p>Toolson: P3 steel toolson MK2</p>
<hr />
<div>P3 steel toolson MK2</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=P3Steel&diff=181478P3Steel2018-01-24T21:16:11Z<p>Toolson: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:P3Steel_Logo_12_wiki.png]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[P3Steel|English]] • [[P3Steel/es|Español]] • [[P3Steel/it|Italiano]]</center><br />
----<br />
<center>[[P3Steel|Introduction]] | [[P3Steel Bill of materials|Bill of materials]] | [[P3Steel Proteins|Proteins]] | [[P3Steel Vitamins|Vitamins]] | [[P3Steel Steel Frame Parts Painting|Painting the steel frame parts]] | [[P3Steel main steel frame assembly|Main steel frame assembly]] | [[P3Steel Y axis assembly|Y-axis assembly]] | [[P3Steel X axis assembly|X-axis assembly]] | [[P3Steel Connecting X axis and Z axis|Connecting X-axis and Z-axis]] | [[P3Steel Motor assembly|Motor assembly]] | [[P3Steel X and Y axis motions|X and Y-axis motions]] | [[P3Steel Heated bed assembly|Heated bed assembly]] | [[P3Steel Extruder assembly|Extruder assembly]] | [[P3Steel Electronics and wiring|Electronics and wiring]] | [[P3Steel Extras|Extras]]</center><br />
----<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = P3Steel<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Leonardo.png<br />
|description = Remix of ''Twelvepro's'' redesign of ''Josef Prusa's'' '''''i3'''''<br />
|license = [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ CC BY-NC 3.0]<br />
|author = irobri<br />
|reprap = Prusa i3<br />
|categories =<br />
{{tag|Clone wars/es}},<br />
{{tag|Working developments}},<br />
{{tag|Mendel Variations}},<br />
{{tag|Cartesian-XZ-head}},<br />
{{tag| Prusa i3 Derivate}}<br />
|url = [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:157303 Thingiverse]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
The '''''P3Steel''''' is a remix of ''Twelvepro's'' redesign of ''Josef Prusa's'' '''''i3'''''.<br />
<br />
''Leonardo'' - the prototype '''''P3Steel''''' printer - was designed and built by ''Irobri'' in April 2013, after attending a local Maker show in Zaragoza, Spain.<br />
<br />
The main frame structure, built from laser-cut 3mm steel, is extremely strong and simple to assemble, and eliminates the need for several printed parts due to the use of steel parts instead of threaded rods for the "Y" subframe (as in the original Prusa i3 and many of its variants).<br />
<br />
[[Image:P3Steel_Render.jpg|left|thumb|200px|P3Steel V1.2 Renderization]]<br />
<br />
;Steel as a building material has several advantages over e.g. aluminum: <br />
:Steel is one of the least expensive building materials available - structural steel is 10 times cheaper than aluminum. <br />
:Laser cutting steel is easier and cheaper than cutting aluminum. <br />
:Steel is stronger than aluminum.<br />
<br />
;Disadvantages: <br />
:Steel is 3 times heavier than aluminum, although this could be considered both an advantage and a disadvantage, in the sense that a heavier frame does not tend to vibrate as much as a lighter frame. Also, if we consider the total weight of the printer, the difference between an aluminum frame and a comparable steel frame is not that much (around 2.5kg extra).<br />
:Structural (carbon) steel requires painting or galvanizing for protection against corrosion. Stainless steel, of course, does not require painting.<br />
<br />
The P3Steel design is for 3mm thick steel and with lots of carvings to reduce weight. All square holes and tabs have special rounded corners for accommodating corresponding parts and give a very good fit between parts.<br />
<br />
The design has slots for M3 nuts in the places where the screws fit so no threading is required.<br />
<br />
== Improvements over the standard ''Prusa i3'' ==<br />
<br />
*Stronger frame due to the use of structural steel.<br />
*Solves the frame flexing thanks to its reinforcement squares.<br />
*Simplifies the construction, eliminating the complex subframe of threaded rods in the Y-axis.<br />
*Once assembled, everything is in place, no adjustments needed.<br />
*Eliminates the need for several printed parts.<br />
*The steel mounts for motors and rods are much stronger than their plastic counterparts.<br />
*The only two threaded rods needed are the ones for the Z-axis (5mm).<br />
*Uses shorter smooth rods lowering the build costs.<br />
*Once assembled, it forms a compact, solid structural unit that can be transported as a block.<br />
<br />
== Main dimensions (frame version 2.0) ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:P3S_Dimensional_drawing.png|600px|P3Steel main measures]]<br />
<br />
[http://www.reprap.org/mediawiki/images/2/26/P3S_Dimensional_drawing.png Enlarge image]<br />
<br />
= Frame versions =<br />
<br />
The P3Steel frame design has evolved since it release. Here are the various versions and how they differ:<br />
<br />
'''Version 1.2''': Leonardo, original printer, the one I made.<br />
<br />
'''Version 2.0''': After some requests from a Spanish group building around 30 printers, I have modified the bed, now it holds with 4 LM8UU instead of 3 and it has also a system to level with 3 points instead of the original 4, it should be easier with this new design. I kept the original 4 points also just in case someone still wants to use them. I included in the gallery some 3D renders of the new bed. The rest of the printer is exactly the same as version 1.2<br />
<br />
Everything snaps together and holds with M3x12 screws (mainly), I also used nylon self locking nuts to prevent future problems due to vibration.<br />
<br />
The printer uses 8mm chromed smooth rods (Z axis: 2 x 320mm, Y axis: 2 x 341mm and X axis: 2 x 375mm) and only two M5 threaded rods (295mm approx. each since depends on motor coupling and if you want some to stick out through the top) for the Z axis, printed parts required came from a standard Prusa i3, you only need the parts for the X axis assembly and the extruder.<br />
<br />
The printer structure is assembled quite fast and needs no adjustments. The electronics are installed on either side of the frame, horizontally, holes provided are for an Arduino mega and RAMPS 1.4. <br />
Motors are NEMA 17, GT2 pulleys, LM8UU and 608zz bearings. <br />
Hotend is budas type, but depending on the extruder plastic parts, will also accommodate J-head and E3D hotends. The hotbed is the standard MK2B.<br />
<br />
'''Version 2.01''' (by AndrewBCN): this is exactly the same as version 2.0 except for the changes listed below.<br />
* The interference between the Y stepper and the M3 nyloc nut holding the Y stepper support has been solved by stretching the support by 2mm (see the [[P3Steel Y axis assembly]] page for details).<br />
* The frame has been stretched by 9mm, '''meaning the Y-axis 8mm smooth rods should now be 350mm long''' (same as the original Prusa i3), and not 341mm long anymore (4mm have been added to the front and 5mm to the back).<br />
* Two 3mm holes have been added along the sides of the front Y-axis subframe, one on each side, to attach optional accessories / cable ties to the frame.<br />
* The practically useless part that could eventually be used as a Y belt holder has been deleted (there are much better designs that can simply be printed).<br />
<br />
CAD file for version 2.01: [[File:PRUSA_i3_steel_3mm_lasercut_2.01d_irobri.dwg]]<br />
(generated with DraftSight 2014, use a recent version of DraftSight or SolidWorks to open)<br />
<br />
(see the Discussion tab for justification of these changes)<br />
<br />
'''Version 2.5''' (by AndrewBCN): this is a dual Bowden extruder capable, slightly enlarged P3Steel variant derived from my earlier P3Steel 2.01 variant. In keeping with the KISS philosophy of the original P3Steel and avoiding changing something that works, as few changes as possible were made in relation to version 2.01:<br />
<br />
* The frame is 10mm wider. This is achieved by making the central plate and the two Y-axis end plates 10mm wider. Note that the distance between the Y-axis smooth rods remains the same..<br />
* The frame is 10mm taller. This is achieved by making the central plate and the two side panels 10mm taller.<br />
* The holes to mount the Arduino Mega 2560 + RAMPS board are 10mm higher, increasing the clearance for the USB cable.<br />
* There is an added cutout in each of the side panels to keep the frame weight in the same range as the original P3Steel 2.01.<br />
* There are two stepper motor cutouts, one on each side panel, for mounting two optional Bowden extruders.<br />
* All screw holes now have the same diameter, 3.2mm (the holes for the electronics on the side panels were previously specified at 2.6mm diameter for later tapping with M3 threads, this is now deprecated).<br />
<br />
Apart from the minor changes above, '''nothing else is changed'''.<br />
<br />
Note that making the printer 10mm wider and 10mm taller does not really result in an increase in the print envelope, rather it makes it easier to achieve the original print envelope of the Prusa i3 (200 x 200 x 200mm or 8l).<br />
<br />
Also note that use of the Bowden extruder stepper mounts is optional. Basically the P3Steel 2.5 DXL can still be built exactly like the original P3Steel, with a single Greg's Wade's Geared Extruder on the X-carriage, or one can use a single Bowden extruder mounted on either sidepanel, or two Bowden extruders mounted on both sidepanels.<br />
<br />
CAD file for version 2.5 (zipped): [[File:PRUSA_i3_steel_3mm_lasercut_2.5DXL_e_irobri.dwg.zip]]<br />
(generated with DraftSight 2014, use a recent version of DraftSight or SolidWorks to open)<br />
<br />
(see the Discussion tab for justification of these changes)<br />
<br />
Also note that versions 3.0 and 4.0 mentioned below are not derived from either versions 2.01 or 2.5, they are independent developments by their respective authors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Version 4.0''' (By Alvaro Rey and Daniel Torres) From Version 3.0 (By Ghosthawk) with the listed changes<br />
<br />
*The extruder no longer hits the Z axis top bracket<br />
*Y axis belt tensioner ( that may be placed printed or metallic )<br />
*Weight reduction cutting as much material as possible<br />
*Holes to bolt to the PSU<br />
*Electronics as high as possible so that the cables are well hidden LCD<br />
*Holes in the top bracket of the Z axis to position bearing<br />
*Holes in the top bracket of the Z axis to place spool holder<br />
*Axis movable to lose the least footprint<br />
*Y axis bed it's suitable to install 20x20 heated beds or 20x30 heated beds<br />
*The hole for the motor connector has been enlarged , allowing install engines below 70 OZ<br />
*Bed with option for 3 or 4 bearings<br />
*Bed with choice of 4 or 3 leveling points<br />
*Holes for Zip ties was added to the main frame<br />
<br />
The Y-Axis rods have been changed, now uses 10mm rods ans LM10UU lineal Bearing<br />
We recomended use aluminum beds for y axis.<br />
<br />
We test aluminum frame too in 3mm. It works just the same<br />
<br />
'''20x30 Frame''' - the Y-axis '''10mm smooth rods''' should now be 510mm long<br />
<br />
This version use aluminum beds, in orther to reduce weight in Y-Axis<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/AlvaroRey/P3Steel_V4_20x30 20x30 Frame]<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BxUhvFbuwEAZfkJDUUE0bm1pTXNfMFRKemdUUzJNZ2xIT0xybFJLdmdyQV9MZGFpcG42UlE&authuser=0<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''P3steel toolson edition'''<br />
<br />
The P3steel toolson edition uses the unmodified steel parts from a unmodified P3Steel v2.01 or v2.5 frame, but nearly every 3d printed plastic part has been improved:<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?406,569018 "P3steel - toolson edition" discussion on the RepRap forums]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1054909 "P3steel - toolson edition"] on Thingiverse<br />
<br />
'''P3steel toolson edition MK2'''<br />
The successor of version 1. X and Y axis are equipped with sinterbronze bearing for best print quality, printer lifetime and extreme low noise level.<br />
* [http://http://scheuten.me/?page_id=708 "P3steel - toolson edition MK2"] on toolson's blog<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,639055 "P3steel - toolson edition MK2" discussion on the german RepRap subforums]<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''Version PROBOT''' (by Arturo René Echanique Torres, madrid3DPrint)<br />
<br />
This version of P3Steel bets on a totally different design, looking for simplicity.<br />
<br />
* It allows both the placement of beds 20x20 and 30x20 by means of two pieces of steel that extend the base for the bed of 20x20.<br />
* The bobbin holder is integrated in the structure and does not protrude.<br />
* A steel tensioner has been designed on the Y-axis which simplifies the tedious tensioning of the belt on this shaft in P3Steel.<br />
* The filament holder is so wide that it allows the placement of two coils simultaneously.<br />
<br />
Files DWG and DXF<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_Da6EGfd1Wzc0N0NFdBNndsSUE<br />
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_Da6EGfd1WzMWhHcG00eWhvZVU/view?usp=sharing<br />
<br />
Printed piece (spacer) to be placed on the tensioner Y<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_Da6EGfd1WzU3hwV0VQbW9JZ0E<br />
<br />
Image<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_Da6EGfd1WzWWNXMGhnUkNZUGM<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Version PROBOT All Steel''' (by inven.es)<br />
<br />
In collaboration with Arturo, we have started from its PROBOT version including the improvements developed by Claudio (revolucion3D), to develop the '''P3Steel PROBOT All METAL''' model. Trying to improve the obsolescence of the 3d maker printer by eliminating all plastic structural parts we have also improved the stability when printing at high speeds.<br />
<br />
The improvements provided by this version:<br />
* Improves obsolescence of the structure by not carrying plastic parts.<br />
* The printer has no vibration during printing at high speeds, improving the quality of the parts.<br />
* An X-axis tensioner is included in the structure.<br />
* Calibration becomes easier with the X and Z axis calibration screws.<br />
* A complete assembly and calibration manual has been developed in Spanish.<br />
<br />
List of parts PROBOT All Metal<br />
* http://inven.es/img/estructura_probot.png<br />
<br />
List of rod PROBOT All Metal<br />
* http://inven.es/img/varillas_probot.png<br />
<br />
Image of the printer PROBOT All Metal<br />
* http://inven.es/img/probot.png <br />
* http://inven.es/1007-thickbox_default/inven-3d-kit-impresora-3d-probot.jpg<br />
<br />
= Assembly animation =<br />
<br />
<videoflash>In_Q6NkX3fs</videoflash><br />
<br />
<br />
On YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=In_Q6NkX3fs<br />
<br />
= Assembly manual =<br />
<br />
*Assembly PDF: [[File:Montaje_PSteel.pdf]]<br />
*Online manual: [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/es/blog/manual-p3steel-c10 Complete assembly manual online]<br />
*Youtube videos By 3DEspana.com [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLW5u-qoyP0Dow_6YL16cTuECf70N5ZQTO YouTube - P3Steel Pro] <br />
*Assembly step by step 3DEspana.com [http://wiki3despana.com/wiki3despana/index.php?title=P3Steel_Pro_V2 Wiki with photos - P3Steel Pro]<br />
<br />
= Modification to use Spindles =<br />
<br />
To use 10mm diameter spindles we need to separate the smooth rod and the spindle, leaving room for the nut and bearing parts in the X axis. Therefore some adaptation is required. We have designed a few pieces for use them in the original structure, so the changes were minimal.<br />
<br />
This file [[File:Adaptacion_Husillos.zip]] contains the OpenSCAD design files along with some other files to support for visualizing the set.<br />
<br />
= Where to buy =<br />
<br />
*[http://www.hta3d.com/en/P3STEEL-DIY-KIT HTA3D] Full kit for P3Steel from 367€, 20x20x21cm actual printing volume, direct drive extruder with Mk8 and hotend V6, cable chain and much more.<br />
* [http://www.3despana.com/kit-de-impresora-3d/375-kit-completo-prusa-i3-p3steel-3de-pro-mk9-mk3.html 3DESPANA.COM] Full kit available send to worldwide Good price.<br />
*[http://orballoprinting.com Orballo Printing] Worldwide shipping!<br />
*[http://www.iberobotics.com/shop/product_info.php?cPath=94&products_id=418&language=en IBEROBOTICS Shop] - Complete kit. Optional mounting service. <br />
*RepRap Forum https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/asrob-uc3m-impresoras-3d/waJV15JftZ4/TTAb1bQ4mPQJ (Stainsless Steel, S235, Rods...) We ship to EU.<br />
* [http://ifusionshop.com/index.php?id_product=136&controller=product&id_lang=1 iFusionShop]<br />
* [http://inven.es/kit-impresoras-3d/383-inven-3d-kit-impresora-3d-prusa-p3-steel-all-metal-low-cost.html '''INVEN'''] '''P3Steel All Metal kit from 300€''' with all metal parts in galvanized steel and 1.75mm MK8 extruder, also its evolved version "PROBOT All metal" with hotbed of 300x200.<br />
* [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/es/kits-impresora-3d/8-kit-reprap-mendel-prusa-i3-p3steel.html#/solucion-de-electronica-arduino-mega-2560-clon-ramps-1-4/fuente-incluida-no-ya-tengo-una/lcd-controller-no/hot-end-e3d-v6-lite-nozzle-0-4-filamento-1-75mm/marco-acero-galvanizado-p3steel-frame/tipo-de-plastico-no-quiero-gracias-/steppers-stepper-a4988-driver/montada-y-calibrada-no/cadeneta-no KITPRINTER3D] (required vitamins to make a P3Steel from a [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/en/3d-printer-kits/71-kit-upgrade-desde-prusa-i3-a-p3steel.html Prusa i3]), complete kits starting at 409€ VAT included, check our [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/en/3d-printer-kits/8-reprap-mendel-prusa-i3-kit.html#/board-arduino-mega-ramps/fuente-incluida-no-i-ve-already-got-one/lcd-controller-no/hotend-e3d-v6-lite-nozzle-0-4-filamento-1-75mm/tipo-de-plastico-no-thank-you/steppers-stepper-a4988-driver/montada-y-calibrada-no/cadeneta-portacable-no/frame-p3steel-xl-300x200mm XL version] with 300x200mm printing surface. <br />
* [http://createc3d.com/shop/es/impresoras-3d/168-comprar-kit-prusa-i3-steel-impresora-3d-precio.html CREATEC 3D]<br />
* [http://makershopbcn.com/en/ MakerShop BCN] in Barcelona, Spain. Version 2.01 of the frame in structural steel only + 8mm stainless steel smooth rods, ships to EU, with reasonable rates.<br />
* [http://www.impresoras3dprusai3.com.mx/ Impresoras 3D en México] (CIUDAD DE MEXICO) D.F. Kit Prusa i3 Steel con marco en acero estructural, varillas acero inoxidable.<br />
* [http://www.reprap.pt REPRAP.PT] in Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic parts.<br />
*[https://garagedays3d.com/shop/mechanics/p3steel-galvanized-steel-frame/ Garage Days 3D]<br />
* [https://createc3d.com/shop/es/19-kit-impresoras-3d '''CREATEC 3D'''] '''Kit P3Steel PSIQUE All Metal from 395€ ''' with all metal parts and E3D V6 original hotend, also upgrade to 20x30cm heatbed available and much more.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
[[File:Clone-Wars-logo.png|border|100px|link=Proyecto Clone Wars]]<br />
| [[Proyecto Clone Wars]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== License ==<br />
While the authors of this derivative work claim the licence to be CC BY-NC-SA, the original [[Prusa i3]] was released under GPL v3. The GPL (all versions) oblige all derivative work or ensemble containing material under GPL to also be [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html licensed under GPL -§5.c)- ]. This is the 'viral' part of the GPL. <br />
<br />
So, modifying the license and adding restriction is not permitted and the license of all derivative remains GPL. This is unavoidable and as the work is already published, the authors cannot go back even if removing documents, which may be rightly republished by others under the real licence - with all attributions -.<br />
<br />
== Related ==<br />
<br />
* The P3Steel is not to be confused with the [[3Done]] P3.<br />
<br />
[[Category:P3Steel|P3Steel]]</div>Toolsonhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=P3Steel&diff=181476P3Steel2018-01-24T21:12:43Z<p>Toolson: My work is not related to orballo in any way. Removed the add and added/modified some details.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:P3Steel_Logo_12_wiki.png]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[P3Steel|English]] • [[P3Steel/es|Español]] • [[P3Steel/it|Italiano]]</center><br />
----<br />
<center>[[P3Steel|Introduction]] | [[P3Steel Bill of materials|Bill of materials]] | [[P3Steel Proteins|Proteins]] | [[P3Steel Vitamins|Vitamins]] | [[P3Steel Steel Frame Parts Painting|Painting the steel frame parts]] | [[P3Steel main steel frame assembly|Main steel frame assembly]] | [[P3Steel Y axis assembly|Y-axis assembly]] | [[P3Steel X axis assembly|X-axis assembly]] | [[P3Steel Connecting X axis and Z axis|Connecting X-axis and Z-axis]] | [[P3Steel Motor assembly|Motor assembly]] | [[P3Steel X and Y axis motions|X and Y-axis motions]] | [[P3Steel Heated bed assembly|Heated bed assembly]] | [[P3Steel Extruder assembly|Extruder assembly]] | [[P3Steel Electronics and wiring|Electronics and wiring]] | [[P3Steel Extras|Extras]]</center><br />
----<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = P3Steel<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Leonardo.png<br />
|description = Remix of ''Twelvepro's'' redesign of ''Josef Prusa's'' '''''i3'''''<br />
|license = [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ CC BY-NC 3.0]<br />
|author = irobri<br />
|reprap = Prusa i3<br />
|categories =<br />
{{tag|Clone wars/es}},<br />
{{tag|Working developments}},<br />
{{tag|Mendel Variations}},<br />
{{tag|Cartesian-XZ-head}},<br />
{{tag| Prusa i3 Derivate}}<br />
|url = [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:157303 Thingiverse]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
The '''''P3Steel''''' is a remix of ''Twelvepro's'' redesign of ''Josef Prusa's'' '''''i3'''''.<br />
<br />
''Leonardo'' - the prototype '''''P3Steel''''' printer - was designed and built by ''Irobri'' in April 2013, after attending a local Maker show in Zaragoza, Spain.<br />
<br />
The main frame structure, built from laser-cut 3mm steel, is extremely strong and simple to assemble, and eliminates the need for several printed parts due to the use of steel parts instead of threaded rods for the "Y" subframe (as in the original Prusa i3 and many of its variants).<br />
<br />
[[Image:P3Steel_Render.jpg|left|thumb|200px|P3Steel V1.2 Renderization]]<br />
<br />
;Steel as a building material has several advantages over e.g. aluminum: <br />
:Steel is one of the least expensive building materials available - structural steel is 10 times cheaper than aluminum. <br />
:Laser cutting steel is easier and cheaper than cutting aluminum. <br />
:Steel is stronger than aluminum.<br />
<br />
;Disadvantages: <br />
:Steel is 3 times heavier than aluminum, although this could be considered both an advantage and a disadvantage, in the sense that a heavier frame does not tend to vibrate as much as a lighter frame. Also, if we consider the total weight of the printer, the difference between an aluminum frame and a comparable steel frame is not that much (around 2.5kg extra).<br />
:Structural (carbon) steel requires painting or galvanizing for protection against corrosion. Stainless steel, of course, does not require painting.<br />
<br />
The P3Steel design is for 3mm thick steel and with lots of carvings to reduce weight. All square holes and tabs have special rounded corners for accommodating corresponding parts and give a very good fit between parts.<br />
<br />
The design has slots for M3 nuts in the places where the screws fit so no threading is required.<br />
<br />
== Improvements over the standard ''Prusa i3'' ==<br />
<br />
*Stronger frame due to the use of structural steel.<br />
*Solves the frame flexing thanks to its reinforcement squares.<br />
*Simplifies the construction, eliminating the complex subframe of threaded rods in the Y-axis.<br />
*Once assembled, everything is in place, no adjustments needed.<br />
*Eliminates the need for several printed parts.<br />
*The steel mounts for motors and rods are much stronger than their plastic counterparts.<br />
*The only two threaded rods needed are the ones for the Z-axis (5mm).<br />
*Uses shorter smooth rods lowering the build costs.<br />
*Once assembled, it forms a compact, solid structural unit that can be transported as a block.<br />
<br />
== Main dimensions (frame version 2.0) ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:P3S_Dimensional_drawing.png|600px|P3Steel main measures]]<br />
<br />
[http://www.reprap.org/mediawiki/images/2/26/P3S_Dimensional_drawing.png Enlarge image]<br />
<br />
= Frame versions =<br />
<br />
The P3Steel frame design has evolved since it release. Here are the various versions and how they differ:<br />
<br />
'''Version 1.2''': Leonardo, original printer, the one I made.<br />
<br />
'''Version 2.0''': After some requests from a Spanish group building around 30 printers, I have modified the bed, now it holds with 4 LM8UU instead of 3 and it has also a system to level with 3 points instead of the original 4, it should be easier with this new design. I kept the original 4 points also just in case someone still wants to use them. I included in the gallery some 3D renders of the new bed. The rest of the printer is exactly the same as version 1.2<br />
<br />
Everything snaps together and holds with M3x12 screws (mainly), I also used nylon self locking nuts to prevent future problems due to vibration.<br />
<br />
The printer uses 8mm chromed smooth rods (Z axis: 2 x 320mm, Y axis: 2 x 341mm and X axis: 2 x 375mm) and only two M5 threaded rods (295mm approx. each since depends on motor coupling and if you want some to stick out through the top) for the Z axis, printed parts required came from a standard Prusa i3, you only need the parts for the X axis assembly and the extruder.<br />
<br />
The printer structure is assembled quite fast and needs no adjustments. The electronics are installed on either side of the frame, horizontally, holes provided are for an Arduino mega and RAMPS 1.4. <br />
Motors are NEMA 17, GT2 pulleys, LM8UU and 608zz bearings. <br />
Hotend is budas type, but depending on the extruder plastic parts, will also accommodate J-head and E3D hotends. The hotbed is the standard MK2B.<br />
<br />
'''Version 2.01''' (by AndrewBCN): this is exactly the same as version 2.0 except for the changes listed below.<br />
* The interference between the Y stepper and the M3 nyloc nut holding the Y stepper support has been solved by stretching the support by 2mm (see the [[P3Steel Y axis assembly]] page for details).<br />
* The frame has been stretched by 9mm, '''meaning the Y-axis 8mm smooth rods should now be 350mm long''' (same as the original Prusa i3), and not 341mm long anymore (4mm have been added to the front and 5mm to the back).<br />
* Two 3mm holes have been added along the sides of the front Y-axis subframe, one on each side, to attach optional accessories / cable ties to the frame.<br />
* The practically useless part that could eventually be used as a Y belt holder has been deleted (there are much better designs that can simply be printed).<br />
<br />
CAD file for version 2.01: [[File:PRUSA_i3_steel_3mm_lasercut_2.01d_irobri.dwg]]<br />
(generated with DraftSight 2014, use a recent version of DraftSight or SolidWorks to open)<br />
<br />
(see the Discussion tab for justification of these changes)<br />
<br />
'''Version 2.5''' (by AndrewBCN): this is a dual Bowden extruder capable, slightly enlarged P3Steel variant derived from my earlier P3Steel 2.01 variant. In keeping with the KISS philosophy of the original P3Steel and avoiding changing something that works, as few changes as possible were made in relation to version 2.01:<br />
<br />
* The frame is 10mm wider. This is achieved by making the central plate and the two Y-axis end plates 10mm wider. Note that the distance between the Y-axis smooth rods remains the same..<br />
* The frame is 10mm taller. This is achieved by making the central plate and the two side panels 10mm taller.<br />
* The holes to mount the Arduino Mega 2560 + RAMPS board are 10mm higher, increasing the clearance for the USB cable.<br />
* There is an added cutout in each of the side panels to keep the frame weight in the same range as the original P3Steel 2.01.<br />
* There are two stepper motor cutouts, one on each side panel, for mounting two optional Bowden extruders.<br />
* All screw holes now have the same diameter, 3.2mm (the holes for the electronics on the side panels were previously specified at 2.6mm diameter for later tapping with M3 threads, this is now deprecated).<br />
<br />
Apart from the minor changes above, '''nothing else is changed'''.<br />
<br />
Note that making the printer 10mm wider and 10mm taller does not really result in an increase in the print envelope, rather it makes it easier to achieve the original print envelope of the Prusa i3 (200 x 200 x 200mm or 8l).<br />
<br />
Also note that use of the Bowden extruder stepper mounts is optional. Basically the P3Steel 2.5 DXL can still be built exactly like the original P3Steel, with a single Greg's Wade's Geared Extruder on the X-carriage, or one can use a single Bowden extruder mounted on either sidepanel, or two Bowden extruders mounted on both sidepanels.<br />
<br />
CAD file for version 2.5 (zipped): [[File:PRUSA_i3_steel_3mm_lasercut_2.5DXL_e_irobri.dwg.zip]]<br />
(generated with DraftSight 2014, use a recent version of DraftSight or SolidWorks to open)<br />
<br />
(see the Discussion tab for justification of these changes)<br />
<br />
Also note that versions 3.0 and 4.0 mentioned below are not derived from either versions 2.01 or 2.5, they are independent developments by their respective authors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Version 4.0''' (By Alvaro Rey and Daniel Torres) From Version 3.0 (By Ghosthawk) with the listed changes<br />
<br />
*The extruder no longer hits the Z axis top bracket<br />
*Y axis belt tensioner ( that may be placed printed or metallic )<br />
*Weight reduction cutting as much material as possible<br />
*Holes to bolt to the PSU<br />
*Electronics as high as possible so that the cables are well hidden LCD<br />
*Holes in the top bracket of the Z axis to position bearing<br />
*Holes in the top bracket of the Z axis to place spool holder<br />
*Axis movable to lose the least footprint<br />
*Y axis bed it's suitable to install 20x20 heated beds or 20x30 heated beds<br />
*The hole for the motor connector has been enlarged , allowing install engines below 70 OZ<br />
*Bed with option for 3 or 4 bearings<br />
*Bed with choice of 4 or 3 leveling points<br />
*Holes for Zip ties was added to the main frame<br />
<br />
The Y-Axis rods have been changed, now uses 10mm rods ans LM10UU lineal Bearing<br />
We recomended use aluminum beds for y axis.<br />
<br />
We test aluminum frame too in 3mm. It works just the same<br />
<br />
'''20x30 Frame''' - the Y-axis '''10mm smooth rods''' should now be 510mm long<br />
<br />
This version use aluminum beds, in orther to reduce weight in Y-Axis<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/AlvaroRey/P3Steel_V4_20x30 20x30 Frame]<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BxUhvFbuwEAZfkJDUUE0bm1pTXNfMFRKemdUUzJNZ2xIT0xybFJLdmdyQV9MZGFpcG42UlE&authuser=0<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''P3steel toolson edition'''<br />
<br />
The P3steel toolson edition uses the unmodified steel parts from a unmodified P3Steel v2.01 or v2.5 frame, but nearly every 3d printed plastic part has been improved:<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?406,569018 "P3steel - toolson edition" discussion on the RepRap forums]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1054909 "P3steel - toolson edition"] on Thingiverse<br />
<br />
'''P3steel toolson edition MK2'''<br />
The successor of version 1. X and Y axis are equipped with sinterbronze bearing for best print quality, printer lifetime and extrem low noise level.<br />
* [http://http://scheuten.me/?page_id=708 "P3steel - toolson edition"] on toolson's blog<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?336,639055 "P3steel - toolson edition MK2" discussion on the german RepRap subforums]<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
'''Version PROBOT''' (by Arturo René Echanique Torres, madrid3DPrint)<br />
<br />
This version of P3Steel bets on a totally different design, looking for simplicity.<br />
<br />
* It allows both the placement of beds 20x20 and 30x20 by means of two pieces of steel that extend the base for the bed of 20x20.<br />
* The bobbin holder is integrated in the structure and does not protrude.<br />
* A steel tensioner has been designed on the Y-axis which simplifies the tedious tensioning of the belt on this shaft in P3Steel.<br />
* The filament holder is so wide that it allows the placement of two coils simultaneously.<br />
<br />
Files DWG and DXF<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_Da6EGfd1Wzc0N0NFdBNndsSUE<br />
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_Da6EGfd1WzMWhHcG00eWhvZVU/view?usp=sharing<br />
<br />
Printed piece (spacer) to be placed on the tensioner Y<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_Da6EGfd1WzU3hwV0VQbW9JZ0E<br />
<br />
Image<br />
<br />
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_Da6EGfd1WzWWNXMGhnUkNZUGM<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Version PROBOT All Steel''' (by inven.es)<br />
<br />
In collaboration with Arturo, we have started from its PROBOT version including the improvements developed by Claudio (revolucion3D), to develop the '''P3Steel PROBOT All METAL''' model. Trying to improve the obsolescence of the 3d maker printer by eliminating all plastic structural parts we have also improved the stability when printing at high speeds.<br />
<br />
The improvements provided by this version:<br />
* Improves obsolescence of the structure by not carrying plastic parts.<br />
* The printer has no vibration during printing at high speeds, improving the quality of the parts.<br />
* An X-axis tensioner is included in the structure.<br />
* Calibration becomes easier with the X and Z axis calibration screws.<br />
* A complete assembly and calibration manual has been developed in Spanish.<br />
<br />
List of parts PROBOT All Metal<br />
* http://inven.es/img/estructura_probot.png<br />
<br />
List of rod PROBOT All Metal<br />
* http://inven.es/img/varillas_probot.png<br />
<br />
Image of the printer PROBOT All Metal<br />
* http://inven.es/img/probot.png <br />
* http://inven.es/1007-thickbox_default/inven-3d-kit-impresora-3d-probot.jpg<br />
<br />
= Assembly animation =<br />
<br />
<videoflash>In_Q6NkX3fs</videoflash><br />
<br />
<br />
On YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=In_Q6NkX3fs<br />
<br />
= Assembly manual =<br />
<br />
*Assembly PDF: [[File:Montaje_PSteel.pdf]]<br />
*Online manual: [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/es/blog/manual-p3steel-c10 Complete assembly manual online]<br />
*Youtube videos By 3DEspana.com [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLW5u-qoyP0Dow_6YL16cTuECf70N5ZQTO YouTube - P3Steel Pro] <br />
*Assembly step by step 3DEspana.com [http://wiki3despana.com/wiki3despana/index.php?title=P3Steel_Pro_V2 Wiki with photos - P3Steel Pro]<br />
<br />
= Modification to use Spindles =<br />
<br />
To use 10mm diameter spindles we need to separate the smooth rod and the spindle, leaving room for the nut and bearing parts in the X axis. Therefore some adaptation is required. We have designed a few pieces for use them in the original structure, so the changes were minimal.<br />
<br />
This file [[File:Adaptacion_Husillos.zip]] contains the OpenSCAD design files along with some other files to support for visualizing the set.<br />
<br />
= Where to buy =<br />
<br />
*[http://www.hta3d.com/en/P3STEEL-DIY-KIT HTA3D] Full kit for P3Steel from 367€, 20x20x21cm actual printing volume, direct drive extruder with Mk8 and hotend V6, cable chain and much more.<br />
* [http://www.3despana.com/kit-de-impresora-3d/375-kit-completo-prusa-i3-p3steel-3de-pro-mk9-mk3.html 3DESPANA.COM] Full kit available send to worldwide Good price.<br />
*[http://orballoprinting.com Orballo Printing] Worldwide shipping!<br />
*[http://www.iberobotics.com/shop/product_info.php?cPath=94&products_id=418&language=en IBEROBOTICS Shop] - Complete kit. Optional mounting service. <br />
*RepRap Forum https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/asrob-uc3m-impresoras-3d/waJV15JftZ4/TTAb1bQ4mPQJ (Stainsless Steel, S235, Rods...) We ship to EU.<br />
* [http://ifusionshop.com/index.php?id_product=136&controller=product&id_lang=1 iFusionShop]<br />
* [http://inven.es/kit-impresoras-3d/383-inven-3d-kit-impresora-3d-prusa-p3-steel-all-metal-low-cost.html '''INVEN'''] '''P3Steel All Metal kit from 300€''' with all metal parts in galvanized steel and 1.75mm MK8 extruder, also its evolved version "PROBOT All metal" with hotbed of 300x200.<br />
* [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/es/kits-impresora-3d/8-kit-reprap-mendel-prusa-i3-p3steel.html#/solucion-de-electronica-arduino-mega-2560-clon-ramps-1-4/fuente-incluida-no-ya-tengo-una/lcd-controller-no/hot-end-e3d-v6-lite-nozzle-0-4-filamento-1-75mm/marco-acero-galvanizado-p3steel-frame/tipo-de-plastico-no-quiero-gracias-/steppers-stepper-a4988-driver/montada-y-calibrada-no/cadeneta-no KITPRINTER3D] (required vitamins to make a P3Steel from a [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/en/3d-printer-kits/71-kit-upgrade-desde-prusa-i3-a-p3steel.html Prusa i3]), complete kits starting at 409€ VAT included, check our [http://www.kitprinter3d.com/en/3d-printer-kits/8-reprap-mendel-prusa-i3-kit.html#/board-arduino-mega-ramps/fuente-incluida-no-i-ve-already-got-one/lcd-controller-no/hotend-e3d-v6-lite-nozzle-0-4-filamento-1-75mm/tipo-de-plastico-no-thank-you/steppers-stepper-a4988-driver/montada-y-calibrada-no/cadeneta-portacable-no/frame-p3steel-xl-300x200mm XL version] with 300x200mm printing surface. <br />
* [http://createc3d.com/shop/es/impresoras-3d/168-comprar-kit-prusa-i3-steel-impresora-3d-precio.html CREATEC 3D]<br />
* [http://makershopbcn.com/en/ MakerShop BCN] in Barcelona, Spain. Version 2.01 of the frame in structural steel only + 8mm stainless steel smooth rods, ships to EU, with reasonable rates.<br />
* [http://www.impresoras3dprusai3.com.mx/ Impresoras 3D en México] (CIUDAD DE MEXICO) D.F. Kit Prusa i3 Steel con marco en acero estructural, varillas acero inoxidable.<br />
* [http://www.reprap.pt REPRAP.PT] in Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic parts.<br />
*[https://garagedays3d.com/shop/mechanics/p3steel-galvanized-steel-frame/ Garage Days 3D]<br />
* [https://createc3d.com/shop/es/19-kit-impresoras-3d '''CREATEC 3D'''] '''Kit P3Steel PSIQUE All Metal from 395€ ''' with all metal parts and E3D V6 original hotend, also upgrade to 20x30cm heatbed available and much more.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
[[File:Clone-Wars-logo.png|border|100px|link=Proyecto Clone Wars]]<br />
| [[Proyecto Clone Wars]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== License ==<br />
While the authors of this derivative work claim the licence to be CC BY-NC-SA, the original [[Prusa i3]] was released under GPL v3. The GPL (all versions) oblige all derivative work or ensemble containing material under GPL to also be [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html licensed under GPL -§5.c)- ]. This is the 'viral' part of the GPL. <br />
<br />
So, modifying the license and adding restriction is not permitted and the license of all derivative remains GPL. This is unavoidable and as the work is already published, the authors cannot go back even if removing documents, which may be rightly republished by others under the real licence - with all attributions -.<br />
<br />
== Related ==<br />
<br />
* The P3Steel is not to be confused with the [[3Done]] P3.<br />
<br />
[[Category:P3Steel|P3Steel]]</div>Toolson