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RepRap - User contributions [en]
2024-03-28T09:55:38Z
User contributions
MediaWiki 1.30.0
https://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Printing_Material_Suppliers&diff=121523
Printing Material Suppliers
2014-03-31T13:50:32Z
<p>Spectrum Stephen: /* Thermoplastic Filament */ Added SpectrumFilament.com</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Suppliers_by_Part]]<br />
<br />
[[File:3D Drucker Filaments.jpg | right | 300px]]<br />
Below is a table listing suppliers of filament.<br />
<br />
* There are no prices, because these change quickly and suppliers often don't care to update them.<br />
* Always check before ordering, and if you can, update this page. <br />
* If there are any missing fields in the table, please feel free to update.<br />
* Sellers: please keep your advertisements on your shop page. We already know each of you is the best and the greatest!<br />
<br />
* But most of all '''review your supplier!'''<br />
<br />
== Thermoplastic Filament ==<br />
<br />
This is ''the'' filament everybody uses. [[ABS]], [[PLA]] and a bunch of specials.<br />
<br />
''If you're looking for a shop in your country, sort by location (click on this little box behind "Shipping location") and you'll find all of them grouped together.''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"<br />
! Vendor !! Shipping location<br />
! Material(s) !! 1.75&nbsp;mm !! 3&nbsp;mm !! Reviews & Additional notes<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [http://102Creations.com 102Creations] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.123inkt.nl 123inkt.nl] || NL, BE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviews123inkt.nl|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.19USDKG.com 19USDKG] || US, CA<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; || <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.spectrumfilament.com Spectrum Filament] || UK, EU<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| Also wholesale<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.2printbeta.de 2PrintBeta] || DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviews2PrintBeta|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3d-filaments.com/ 3D-Filaments.com] || US <br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Honeycomb Filaments: Drone Line]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[Taulman T-Glase]], [[Taulman Bridge]], || &#x2713; || <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3d2print.net 3D<sup>2</sup>Print.net] || DE, DK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[Taulman 618]], [[Taulman 645]], [[Taulman t-glase]], [[Taulman Bridge]], [[Rubber]], [[PVA]], [[Wood]]|| &#x2713; || &#x2713; <br />
| also wholesale<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dacessorieshub.com 3D Acessories Hub] || IN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.mexhibit.de 3Druck meXhibit DE], [http://www.mexhibit.ch 3Druck meXhibit CH] || CH, DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]], [[meXhibit Nylon]], [[Taulman 618]], [[Taulman 645]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[Laybrick]], [[HIPS]], [[HIPS and d-lemonene, D-Limonen]], [[Bendlay]], [[Fila Samples]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://3ddynamics.co.uk 3D Dynamix] || UK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviews3ddynamix Ltd|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://3ddinge.de 3dDinge] || DE<br />
| [[Laybrick]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[PLA]], [[Bendlay]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://3dfilaprint.com 3D FilaPrint] || UK<br />
| [[Taulman 3D 618 & 645 Nylon]], [[Taulman 3D t-glase Full Colour Range]], [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Transparent ABS]], [[Conductive ABS]], [[NinjaFlex Full Colour Range]], [[HIPS]], [[Bendlay]], [[LayBrick]], [[Laywoo D3]], || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://store.makea3dfactory.com 3dfactory] || USA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://3dfilament-shop.com 3D Filament Shop] || AT<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://3dinkspot.com 3D Inkspot] || USA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[Pellets & Colorant]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://3dinside.cl 3D Inside] || CL<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3distributed.com/collections/filaments 3Distributed] || UK<br />
| [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D t-glase]], [[ABS]], [[Smart ABS]], [[Transparent ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Soft PLA]], [[PLA 45]], [[PLA 90]], [[Polystyrene]], [[TPE]], [[Bendlay]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dpartistry.com 3dpartistry] || USA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[Taulman 618]], [[Taulman 645]], [[Taulman t-glase]] [[EcoPLA]], [[Bendlay]], [[PET]], [[flex Eco PLA]], [[Smart ABS]],[[Laywoo-D3]], [[Laybrick]], [[PVA]], [[Filament Safes]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://3dprinterczar.com 3D Printer Czar] || US & HK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dprintingcenter.co.il/index.php 3D Printing Center Israel] || Israel<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[PVA]], [[Soft PLA]], [[Bendlay]], [[ColorFabb PLA/PHA]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[Taulman T-Glase]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dprima.com/ 3D Prima.com] || SE <br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[Taulman T-Glase in all colours]], [[Taulman Bridge]], [[NinjaFlex all colours]], [[PVA]], [[LayBrick]], [[Laywoo D3]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713; || |<br />
|-<br />
| [http://3dprintingsupplies.bigcartel.com/ 3D Printing Supplies] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], Wood, Glow in the Dark || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| [http://3dprintingsystems.com 3D Printing Systems] || AU, NZ, SA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], Wood, Glow in the Dark || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| [https://spreadforms.com Spreadforms.com] || DE EU<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman]], [[Nylon]], [[BendLay]], [[Laywood]], [[Laybrick]], [[HIPS]], [[PVA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [https://3dgroupp.com/de/store 3DPrintGroup DE], [https://3dgroupp.com/store 3DPrintGroup EU] || DE, EU<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Flex PLA]], [[Samples]], [[Laybrick]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[Taulman 618]], [[Taulman 645]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.mexhibit.de 3Druck meXhibit DE], [http://www.mexhibit.ch 3Druck meXhibit CH] || CH, DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]], [[Nylon]], [[Taulman 618]], [[Taulman 645]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[Laybrick]], [[HIPS]], [[Bendlay]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dkarma.com 3DKarma] || UK<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dmaker.se 3DMaker] || SE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dmakerworld.com/store/filaments 3D Maker World] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3DMarkt.at 3DMarkt.at] || AT, DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], Wood, Glow in the Dark, Nylon, Taulman 618, Taulman 645, Taulman t-glase, Taulman bridge || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dprinterninja.com 3DPrinterNinja] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dmania.sk 3Dmania] || SK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dprintergear.com.au 3DPrinterGear] || AU<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[Taulman3D 618 and 645]], [[HIPS]], [[Soft PLA]], [[Polycarbonate]], [[Laybrick]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://3dprinterhub.com/3d-printer-store/3d-print-materials 3D Printer Hub] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[Laybrick]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dprinterstuff.com/shop/page/6?shop_param= 3D Printer Stuff] || US<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.seacans.com 3D! SeaCans.com] || CA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://3dtec.ch 3dtec.ch] || CH<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dtrend.net/ 3D Trend]|| CA<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 3D Filament on Amazon: [http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?url=node%3D6066128011&field-keywords=3d+filament&rh=n%3A16310091%2Cn%3A!16310161%2Cn%3A6066126011%2Cn%3A6066128011%2Ck%3A3d+filament Amazon.com (US)][http://www.amazon.ca/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=3d%20filament&sprefix=3d+filame%2Caps&rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3A3d%20filament Amazon.ca (Canada)] [http://www.amazon.co.uk/s/ref=sr_nr_n_1?rh=n%3A3011675031%2Ck%3A3d+filament&keywords=3d+filament&ie=UTF8&qid=1384805425&rnid=1642204031 Amazon.co.uk (UK)] || CA, UK, US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[Nylon]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviews3D Printer Supplies Amazon|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.3druckstore.com/Filament:::1.html 3Druckstore] || DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Samples]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://store.afinia.com/Filament_c_12.html Afinia] || US<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [https://sites.google.com/site/australian3dprinters/ Australian 3D Printer Supplies] || AU<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsAustralia 3D Printer Supplies|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.reprap.cc Austrian Reprap] || AT<br />
| [[Laybrick]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[PLA]], [[Bendlay]], [[ABS]], [[TPE]], [[Nylon]], [[PS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.reprap-india.com RepRap-India.com] || IN<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.amazon.co.uk/s?ie=UTF8&field-keywords=Barsoom&index=office-products&search-type=ss Barsoom @ Amazon] || UK, US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsBarsoom|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://store.bcndynamics.com/en/7-plastics BCNdynamics] || ES<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsBCNdynamics|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.bio-bp.com/e_productshow/?51-PLA-175mm-3D-filamen-51.html Bio-BP] || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.botfeeder.com.tw BotFeeder] || TW<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://bootsindustries.com/filament BootsIndustries] || CA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.brightcn.net/e/products/prod1/p110.html BrightCN] (esunPLA) || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.Buy3DInk.com Buy 3D Ink] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.cd-writer.com/3dprinting.php CD-writer.com] || UK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsCD-writer.com|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.charlies3dtechnologies.eu/Filament/cat1675912_1795848.aspx Charlie's 3D Technologies] || BE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]] || || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://coex3d.com/shop/ Coex3d] || US, CA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PET]], [[PVA]]? || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://colorfabb.com ColorFabb] || NL<br />
| [[PLA]], [[PHA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.coolcomponents.co.uk/catalog/index.php?cPath=89_98 Cool Components] || UK<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://creat3d.it/ Creat3D] || IT<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://shop.createc3d.com/ Createc 3D] || ES<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.creativetools.se/hardvara/3d-skrivare/forbrukningsvaror-3d-skrivare Creative Tools] || SE, EU<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[Bendlay]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[LayBrick]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://croxwordz.blogspot.com Croxword] || TW<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://czechreprap.eu czechreprap.eu] || CZ<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://diamondage.co.nz/pla.html Diamond Age Solutions Ltd.] || NZ<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://dcplastico.com DC Plastico] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[PVA]], [[Nylon]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.diyreprap.com/ DiyRepRap] || IT<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.easysolid.com Easysolid] || ES<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.eckertech.com EckerTech] || CA<br />
| [[ABS]] || || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.reprap-3d-printer.com eMotion Tech] || FR<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://esun.en.alibaba.com/product/472333729-212653045/productdetail.html Esun, Alibaba] || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentEsunplaReviews|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.fabber-parts.de/shop fabber-parts] || DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.faberdashery.co.uk/products-page/ Faberdashery] || UK<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.fabberworld.com fabberworld.com] || CH<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[LayBrick]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D T-Glase (PETT)]], [[PVA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsfabberworld.com|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://fabricationsofthemind.com/shop/abs/ Fabrications Of The Mind] || UK<br />
| [[ABS]] || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsFabrications Of The Mind|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.felixprinters.com/ FELIXprinters.com] || NL<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.filaco.com Filaco] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[HIPS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.filaments.ca Filaments.ca] || CA, US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[PVA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.filaments4less.ca Filaments 4 Less] || CA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman 618]], [[Taulman 645]], [[Taulman t-glase]], || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| also wholesale<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.filamentenmeer.nl/ Filament & Meer ] || NL<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.filamentprint.com FilamentPrint] || UK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[bespoke]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.filamentshop.de Filamentshop] || DE<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.filamentwebshop.nl Filament Webshop] || NL, worldwide<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Flexible PLA]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[LayBrick]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[PET]], [[HIPS]], [[smartABS]], [[BendLay]], [[Thermochrome (temperature changing color)]], accessories: [[Kapton Tape|Heat resistant tape]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsFilamentWebshop|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.formfutura.com Formfutura] || NL<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Flexible PLA]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[LayBrick]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[PET]], [[HIPS]], [[smartABS]], [[BendLay]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsFormfutura|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://thefutureis3d.com/node/113 Future is 3D, The] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviews Future is 3D, The|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [https://shop.grrf.de/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=82_83 German RepRap GmbH] || DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.electronic-things.de/shop electronic things GmbH] || DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.get3d.pl/ get3D] || PL<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman 3D 645 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[LayBrick]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://gizmodorks.com/3d-printer-filament.html GizmoDorks] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://han-bot.en.alibaba.com Hanbot] || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.reprap.cn Haoyisanwei] || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.ic3dprinters.com IC3D Printers] || US<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.igo3d.com iGo3D] || DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman 3D 645 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.imprimante3dfrance.com imprimante3DFrance.com] || FR<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[Laybrick]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D T-Glase (PETT)]], [[colorFabb PLA/PHA]], [[Filaflex]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [https://www.inventables.com/categories/materials/3d-printer-filament Inventables] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://thinglab.com.au/index.php/shop Inition/Thinglab] || AU<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://jagprint.com JagPrint] || US<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[JagPrintReviews|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.jet-filament.com/ Jet Filament] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]],[[PVA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsJet|Reviews]]. For wholesalers only.<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.jpson.com JPSON 3D] || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713; <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://justpla.com/ JustPLA] || US<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsJustPLA|Reviews]] <br />
|-<br />
| [http://myworld.ebay.com/kbellenterprises/ KBell] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsKBell|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [https://kd85.com/makerbot.html kd85] || BE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsWim-kd85.com|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://kdipolymerspecialists.co.uk KDI Polymer Specialist] || UK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsKDI Polymer Specialist Ltd|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.kiboplast.de Kiboplast] || DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://lab3dprint.ru Lab3Dprint.ru] || RU<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [https://www.lulzbot.com/?q=catalog/plastic-filament LulzBot] || US, UK<br />
| [[PLA]], [[ABS]], [[Laybrick]], [[HIPS]], [[Polycarbonate]], Taulman3D T-Glase (PETT), [[Laywoo-D3]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], Taulman3D 645 Nylon, Ninjaflex/TPU - Thermoplastic Urethane || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsLulzbot|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://lybina.com/ Lybina] || AU<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HDPE]], [[HIPS]], [[TPU]], [[PP]], [[PVC]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsLybina|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://makemendel.com/ Makemendel] || India<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://store.makerbot.com/plastic.html Makerbot] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.makerfarm.com/ MakerFarm] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsMakerFarm|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.makergear.com/products/filament MakerGear] || US<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.makergeeks.com MakerGeeks.com] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Thermochrome ECO PLA]], [[t-glase FDA approved filament]], [[Translucent Filament]], [[Glow in the Dark / 8 Colors]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[PVA]], [[HIPS]], [[LayStone]], [[PETT]], [[Color Changing PLA]], [[BendLay]], [[PET]], [[Polystyrene]], [[Conductive ABS]], [[Food Grade]], [[Flex EcoPLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.makershop.fr makershop] || FR<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]], [[HIPS]], [[Flexible (NinjaFlex)]], [[Conductive]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[Laybrick]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[Taulman T-Glase]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://store.makerstoolworks.com/filament/3d-printer-filament-3-mm-1-kg-spool/ Maker's Tool Works] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsMakersToolWorks|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://shop.madesolid.com/collections/plastics MadeSolid] || US<br />
| [[PET]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.makibox.com/filament MakiBox] || HK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [https://www.matterhackers.com/store/3d-printer-filament MatterHackers] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Laywoo-D3]], [[Laybrick]], [[Soft PLA]], [[PVA]], [[BendLay]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsMatterHackers|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.mendel-parts.com/ Mendel-Parts] || NL<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://mixshop.com/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=23 Mixshop] || CA<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.newimageplastic.com New Image Plastics] <br> [http://www.plasticweldingrod.com/ Plastic Welding Rod] <br> [http://www.3dprinterfilament.com/ 3D Printer Filament] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PVC]], [[HDPE]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsNew Image Plastics|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.octave.com/ABS-Filament/c123457117/index.html Octave Systems] || US<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.ohin.cz ohin.cz] || CZ<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.onlinefilament.com/ Online Filament] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsOnlineFilament|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.orbi-tech.de/shop/Plastic-Welding-Rod:::30.html Orbi-Tech] || DE<br />
| [[ABS]], [[ASA]], [[Polyamide (PA-6)]], [[PC]], [[PE]], [[PLA]], [[PP]], [[PS]], [[TPE]] || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviews_Orbi-Tech|Reviews]] Not all materials available in 3mm. ''Hey.. Got a drillpress? Make your own hotend, change a filament dia. setting in your slicer, print and share your knowledge on the wiki!''<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.ordsolutions.ca/filament/ ORD Solutions CANADA] || CA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.ordsolutions.com/filament/ ORD Solutions USA] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://store.ozreprap.com Oz Reprap Supplies] || AU<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.paoparts.com Paoparts] || FR<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.pibot.com Pibot] || CN<br />
| [[PLA]], [[PVA]] || &#x2713; || <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.plastic2print.com Plastic2Print] || NL<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[PET]], [[PVA]], [[Flex polyester]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.pp3dp.com/ PP3DP] || CN<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://printallthethings.com Print All the Things!!] || ES<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://shop.printbl.com printbl.com] || US<br />
| [[PLA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.protoparadigm.com/ ProtoParadigm] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]], [[Polycarbonate]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsProtoParadigm|Reviews]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://Proto-pasta.com Proto-Pasta by Protoplant, Inc] || US<br />
| [[High Temperature PLA]], [[Carbon Fiber-filled PLA]], [[PC/ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://prototyp3d.com.au Prototyp3d] || AU<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://qdtsd.en.alibaba.com/productgrouplist-210256164/Plastic_Welding_rods.html#products Qingdao TSD Plastic] || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[HDPE]], [[PE]], [[PP]], [[PVC]] || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviews Qingdao TSD Plastic Co|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://web.qwikfab.com QwikFab ] || MY, SG<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713; <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.rainbot3d.com RainBot 3D] || <br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Conductive ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.rapidprotoco.com/ RapidProtoCo] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[PVA]], [[Nylon]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [http://www.rapidprotoco.com/candy-red.html/ Reviews]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.replicatorwarehouse.com Replicator Warehouse] || UK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsReplicatorWarehouse|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.replikeo.com Replikeo] || HK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.reprapsupplyusa.com/filament-pla-abs.html RepRap Supply USA] || USA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.reprap.me RepRap.me] || DK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsRepRap.me|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.reprapbcn.com RepRapBCN] || ES<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://reprapcentral.com RepRap Central] || UK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsRepRapCentral.com|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.reprapit.com RepRapIt] || CA US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://RepRapKit.com RepRapKit.com] || UK<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://reprapsource.com/en/shop/list/220 Reprapsource] || DE<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://reprapteile.de/filament.html?___store=en Reprapteile] || DE<br />
| [[PLA]], [[ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.reprapwarehouse.com RepRap Warehouse] || CA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Thermosensitive Color changing (PLA & ABS)]], [[Conductive ABS]],[[Photosensitive Color changing (PLA & ABS)]], [[HIPS]], [[PA (Nylon)]], [[*PC (polycarbonate)]]<br />
| &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://reprapworld.com/?searchresults&cPath=1590 ReprapWorld] || NL<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsRepRapWorld|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.resco-research.com/consumables Resco research] || IT<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.revolutionprinters.com Revolution Printers] || CA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.robo3dprinter.com/ Robo 3D Printer] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.robotdigg.com/category/12/3D-Printing-Filament RobotDigg] || CN<br />
| [[http://www.robotdigg.com/product/124/3mm-ABS-Filament-in-5-colors,-each-color-100g,-500g-Pack ABS]], [[http://www.robotdigg.com/product/125/1.75mm-PLA-Filament-in-5-colors,-each-color-100g,-500g-Pack PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://rp3d.com rp3d.com] || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://SeeMeCNC.com SeeMeCNC] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.sainsmart.com/other-1/3d-priting-material.html Sain Smart] || CN, DE, UK, US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://supply3dpla.com Supply3DPLA.com] || SE<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://taulman3d.com taulman 3D] || US<br />
| [[Polyamide]] (aka "[[Wikipedia:Nylon|Nylon]]") || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviews_taulman3d|Reviews]] <br />
|-<br />
| [http://store.thingibox.com Thingibox] || ES<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://thorivola.com Thorivola.com] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://toybuilderlabs.com ToybuilderLabs.com] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[PVA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsToybuilderlabs|Reviews]]<br />
|- <br />
| [http://uk3dprinting.co.uk UK3D Printing] || UK<br />
| [[PLA]], [[ABS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.ultibots.com/filament/ Ultibots] || US<br />
| [[ABS]] || || &#x2713;<br />
| [[FilamentReviews_Ultibots|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://ultimachine.com/catalog/print-materials UltiMachine] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]], [[Polycarbonate]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.usbcopiers.com/abs-1-75mm-filament.html USBCopiers] || US<br />
| [[ABS]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.uw3dprinter.nl/en/webshop/filaments/ Uw3Dprinter.nl] || NL, BE, DE, ES, FR<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.villageplastics.com Village Plastics] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[PVA]], [[HIPS]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.voxelfactory.com Voxel Factory] || CA<br />
| [[ABS]], [[ColorFabb PLA/PHA compound]], [[Laywood-D3]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.weistek.net/?q=node/12 WeisTek.net] || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://myworld.ebay.com/wtuymqve/ wtuymqve] (Xin Yu Da Plastic) || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; ||<br />
| [[FilamentReviewsXinYuDa|Reviews]]<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.zatopa.com ZATOPA.COM] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[Taulman 618]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.jpson.com JPSON 3D] || CN<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713;<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://Splin3.com Splin3 ]|| US<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://store.arco.com.my ARCO Store] || MY<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[PVA]], [[PA Nylon]], [[PC]], [[CE ABS]], [[PETG]], [[POM]] || &#x2713; || &#x2713; <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.subassembly.in/ Subassembly India ]|| India<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[HIPS]], [[PVA]], [[PA Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 618 Nylon]], [[Taulman3D 645 Nylon]], [[Taulman T-glase]] PETT || &#x2713; || &#x2713; <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| nomagic.de || DE<br />
| [[PLA]] || &#x2713; || <br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Thermoplastic Granules ==<br />
<br />
The future is to make filament yourself or to use a granule extruder. It's much cheaper! Here is where you can get such granules.<br />
<br />
''If you're looking for a shop in your country, sort by location (click on this little box behind "Shipping location") and you'll find all of them grouped together.''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"<br />
! Vendor !! Shipping location<br />
! Material(s) !! Reviews & Additional notes<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.osprintingllc.com Open Source Printing] || US<br />
| [[ABS]], [[PLA]], [[ABS Colorant]], [[PLA Colorant]], [[HDPE Colorant]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.kwb-wedel.de/ KWB Wedel] || DE<br />
| About every kind of plastic.<br />
| Website german only.<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.looplife-polymers.eu Looplife Polymers] || BE<br />
| [[PLA]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.printspace3d PrintSpace ] || US <br />
| [[PLA]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.3dinkspot.com 3DInkspot.com] || US || [[ABS]] Filament and Granules, [[PLA]] Filament and Granules, Colorant, 100% Virgin Material || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
Supplier listings and marketplaces for plastic ganules and powders:<br />
<br />
* [http://plasticker.de plasticker] (''top menu -> marketplace -> material exchange'' and ''top menu -> buyer's guide -> plastics & additives'')<br />
<br />
== Photopolymers - Resin ==<br />
<br />
''Please keep the tables in alphabetical order.''<br />
<br />
=== Photopolymers - UV Cured ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+ ''Photopolymers UV 385nm''<br />
|- style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"<br />
! Vendor (with link) !! Shipping location !! Material(s) !! Reviews & Additional notes<br />
|-<br />
| [http://bucktownpolymers.com/polymer00.html Bucktown Polymers] || USA || Several || Quarts/Gallons/5Gal Pails/55Gal Drums. Process colors, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, White and many custom colors and effects.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Photopolymers - Visible Spectrum Cured ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+ ''Photopolymers Visible Spectrum Cured''<br />
|- style="background-color:#f0f0f0;"<br />
! Vendor (with link) !! Shipping location !! Material(s) !! Reviews & Additional notes<br />
|-<br />
| [http://bucktownpolymers.com/polymer00.html Bucktown Polymers] || USA || Several || Quarts/Gallons/5Gal Pails/55Gal Drums. Process colors, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, White and many custom colors and effects.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.3ders.org/pricecompare 3ders filament pricecomparison page]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Suppliers]]<br />
[[category:thermoplastic]]<br />
[[category:material]]<br />
[[category:photopolymers]]<br />
[[category:resin]]<br />
<br />
== Further reading == <br />
<br />
* [http://www.absplastic.eu 3D Printing and plastic materials blog]</div>
Spectrum Stephen
https://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Degrees_of_openness&diff=121522
Degrees of openness
2014-03-31T13:49:02Z
<p>Spectrum Stephen: Changed comma to semi-colon for better grammatical sense. Spelling correction.</p>
<hr />
<div>Openness is considered to be many things; it generally has positive connotations, but there is no agreed upon definition. Regardless of the exact definition you choose, openness can be influenced by a series of mechanisms such as norms (principle, standards and guidelines). The principles and standards can be legal or non-legal and may be implemented in concrete rules. Things like cultural norms and licenses (a legal tool) can affect behaviour and in turn affect the level of openness. <br />
<br />
Openness can be differentiated into several criteria that fall into two basic categories, the ''product'' and the ''process'' by which it is developed. In the case of this open design project, the RepRap 3D printer is the subject and it is developed by a community through a distributed process. The development process to a large extent determines the openness of the creative work (subject).<br />
<br />
== Openness of the product ==<br />
=== Helpfulness===<br />
Do they check in their changes upstream at RepRap or do they try to create downstream documentation repositories?<br />
The RepRap wiki is not meant to advertise competing projects and should have a slight bias towards documenting on RepRap.<br />
In the same way that Debian does not host advertisements for RedHat.<br />
<br />
=== Openness of the license ===<br />
This can be applicable to source code, (CAD) or other design files and schematics and relevant documentation. Needless to say there is more to openness than just attaching a GPL license to your work.<br />
* See also: [[Open source hardware]], [[:category: licenses]]<br />
<br />
=== Up-to-date-ness ===<br />
Up-to-date-ness of the code, design files and relevant documentation made publicly available.<br />
<br />
=== Replicability ===<br />
Defined as: The ease with which a solution can be replicated by others. <br />
<br />
Replicability is a result and indicator of openness, but it also enables contributions. To illustrate this, a low replicability restricts the collaboration to a smaller group which potentially decreases the openness of the process; there is a lower incentive to openly communicate (e.g. online) if all developers work under the same physical roof.<br />
<br />
* Can the work be replicated based on what is publicly available?<br />
* To what degree is it codified and/or documented? Are CAD files available or just pictures?<br />
* Replicability is also dependent on the choice of modules, are they exotic or ubiquitous. Are they sold separately or only through full kits.<br />
<br />
=== Layers of openness ===<br />
There is a stack of layers in technology which could each be open or closed. Is it an open design based on mostly closed parts vs. open design with many open parts (are control electronics commercial off-the-shelf or open)?<br />
<br />
=== Open standards ===<br />
* Does it comply with open standards and to what degree?<br />
* Example: BitsFromBytes' RapMan uses G-Code, how compatible is the implementation with other 3D printers? Open standards based systems should allow you to use OSS toolpath generation software to control it. Adherence to open standards can increase compatibility and decrease duplication of effort. Open standards should be agreed on by the majority of the relevant stakeholders, arrived at through a publicly accessible process and should be publicly documented.<br />
<br />
== Openness of the development process ==<br />
=== Transparency ===<br />
* A project can be fully open source but decisions made internally without others being involved, e.g. complete closed governance (e.g. Google Chrome is controlled by Google unlike Chromium which is more under community control). <br />
* Does the vendor blog about their developments? Is it allowing and possibly encouraging user feedback and contributions?<br />
<br />
=== Centrality of control vs. distributed contributions ===<br />
* Are the majority of contributions centralized? [[User:ErikDeBruijn|Personally, I]] have the feeling that Fab@Home is developed more centrally (mostly at Cornell) than RepRap (quite a share of the development done beyond core team), but I'm probably too biased to really judge this.<br />
* This could be for various reasons:<br />
** Barriers to contributions can exist because of practical circumstances, such as documentation being mainly published as a single PDF file instead of a publicly accessible and writable wiki.<br />
** Because of a different segment that the vendor addresses. For example, professional engineers and artists (e.g. Stratasys' & EOS' customers) might be less willing to contribute, they want to use the machine as it is and don't feel the need (or FLOSS' cultural imperative of sharing) to modify and collaborate in doing so.<br />
<br />
== Other metrics and concepts that are associated with openness ==<br />
=== Modular architecture ===<br />
A modular architecture also improves the ease of adaptation for different purposes and modification to work better, in other words it affects the 'hackability' of the product. This makes a ''different'' product rather than better or worse because benefits of either depend on what you want to do with it. The modular architecture is not directly related to openness, but it is easier and people are more likely to contribute if they can work independently/concurrently. On the other hand, e.g. BitsFromBytes have a single monolithic PCB (and no FLOSS CAD files, but that aside) and this has benefits (no need to wire up different PCBs). Modularity and stable interfaces can make it easier to integrate the work of others and get the real 'distributed collaboration' going that is typical of healthy open source projects.<br />
<br />
=== Patents ===<br />
A work can be [[Patents|patented]] but by this process become fully disclosed. In a way it is open yet it cannot freely be used until the patent expires. For the purpose of collaboration this may can create limitations.<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* the [[Combinatorics Problem]] page goes into much more detail describing the "stack of layers" of a "modular architecture".<br />
<br />
[[Category:Community]]</div>
Spectrum Stephen
https://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=MetalicaRap:Physics_Principles&diff=121519
MetalicaRap:Physics Principles
2014-03-31T11:15:16Z
<p>Spectrum Stephen: /* Principles */ Punctuation</p>
<hr />
<div>==Principles==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Problem A ''': How long will it take to vaporize smallest cylinder of Titanium?<br />
<br />
Normally the flattening of blobs through repeated surface spot melting, but during negative machining some metal will be vaporised.<br />
<br />
Speed calculation based on this scenario;<br />
<br />
100KV at 11.5mA Beam power 1.15kW/<math>mm^2</math> or 115 kW/<math>cm^2</math>. 5-15µ deep beam energy beam spot dia. 7µ. <br />
<br />
85% energy transfer from beam to metal powder<br />
<br />
According to my tables the heat of evaporation of Ti is 4x104 J/cm3 (8.953 MJ/kg times 4.5x103 kg/m3)<br />
<br />
Cal<br />
<br />
Treat as cylinder. 15µ*7µ*7µ x<math>10^{-12} cm^3</math> or 600µ<math>^3</math>. 600 x<math>10^{-12}</math><math>cm^3</math> at 115k W*0.85%/<math>cm^2</math> in to 40µ<math>^2</math> spot same as <math>40*10^{-8}</math> <math>cm^2</math>. <br />
<br />
Is 40*<math>10^{-8}cm^2</math>*115kW*0.85%= '''0.04 W''' in to metal volume ,<br />
<br />
How many joules to vaporize this volume; <math>4*10^{4}J/cm^3</math> for <math>600*10^{-12}cm^3</math> <br />
<br />
<math>600*10^{-12}cm^3</math>* <math>4*10^{4}J/cm^3</math>=<math>2.4*10^{-5}</math> Joules <br />
<br />
Getting energy of 0.04 joule in a second so it will take <math>2.4*10^{-5}</math>/0.04W= <math>60*10^{-5}</math> Seconds or 600µS to vaporize cylinder, <br />
<br />
This is so little heat conduction not a problem so this will remain cold process. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Problem B:''' Pressure drop from evaporated material<br />
<br />
Given;<br />
<br />
Taking the above scenario (100KV at 11.5mA Beam power 1.15kW/<math>mm^2</math> or 115 kW/<math>cm^2</math>. 5-15µ deep beam energy beam spot dia. 7µ. 85% energy efficiency)<br />
<br />
We get 40*<math>10^{-8}cm^2</math>*115kW*0.85%= '''0.04 W''' energy from beam in to the metal target.<br />
<br />
<br />
Cal<br />
<br />
Vaporizing Titanium at with .04 W into metal volume evaporating at the price of <math>5*10^4 J/cm^3</math> evaporates <math>\frac{0.04W}{5*10^4 J/cm^3}=8*10^{-7} cm^3</math><br />
<br />
With the density of metallic Ti 4.5 g/cm3 the above volume amounts to 3.6x10-6 g. And with a molar mass of Ti 204.37 g/mol it is 1.76x10-8 mol.<br />
<br />
Now: ONE mole of a gas takes a volume of 24 Liter at a pressure of 1 atmosphere or 101,325 Pa = 1013.25 millibar. <br />
<br />
Relative to this an amount of 1.76x10-8 mol vaporized titanium in a 1000 L (1 m3) volume will per second contribute to the pressure with the following value;<br />
<br />
<math>\Delta P /S =\frac{1.76*10^{-8} mol/s}{1 mol}*\frac{24L}{1000L}*1013.25 mBar =4.43*10^{-7} mBar/s </math><br />
<br />
<br />
Thus the pump has to remove 4.3x10-7 millibars of pressure per second. Maybe this is not at all a problem. I don’t know about pumping capacities. <br />
<br />
I just wanted to put attention to it. (loss of vacuum significant enough to lead to loss of beam quality?)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Problem C''';Electron beam control via power supply effectiveness calculation. <br />
<br />
Cal <br />
At switching frequency of 0.2Mhz ; the 416 2500pF output capacitors charged to 150V will contribute 1x10 -16 Joules after switch off [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/capeng.html] , for 1KW beam giving in metal for half a switching cycle 850W * 2.6 x10 -6 Secs = 2 x 10 -3 Joules . this would melt an extra 55µm cube of Titanium metal. This can be reduced by switching the beam off on unit cube earlier and by reducing printing speeds through lower beam energy.<br />
<br />
'''Problem D''';Tentative problem of shortage of supply of Indium and/or Selenium for solar cell manufacturing CIGS calculation. <br />
<br />
Cal <br />
This method is very poor potentially misleading, but until we get something better here it is; taking average parts per million occurrence rate of Indium in crust and mass of crust, given 2µ m thick layer of indium necessary on CIGS solar cell. <br />
<br />
What is the theoretical maximum power generation capacity of solar per year if all the indium recoverable on land was used in CIGS Solar cells?<br />
<br />
What area would those solar cells cover?<br />
<br />
Indium 0.049 parts per million, given mass of crust is 1.9 x10 22 , total indium in crust is 9.3 x10 14 Kg . Mine-able deposits are on land factor 0.3 ; 10% of land area factor 0.1 ; within a mile of surface factor 0.025 ; So Min able deposits 9.3 x10 14 Kg x 0.3 x0.1 x 0.25 = '''6.9 x10 11 Kg''' , density of Indium is 7.31g per cm3 , So indium volume per Kg is 136cm3 , 1 cm3 covers 5000 cm2 in a 2µ thick layer. So area per Kg 136cm3 x 5000=680 000 cm2 or '''68 m2''' of CIGS solar per Kg of Indium, given a 15W CIGS panel is 0.63 m long 0.298 m wide so panel area is 0.18 m2 power per m2 is therefore '''83watts per m2''' of CIGS, Total theoretical power is 6.9 x10 11 Kg x 68 m2 per Kg x 83 watts per m2 = 3.93 x10 15 Watts. For poor climate 1800 peak sunshine hours a year, Total annual energy 3.93 x10 15 Watts x 60seconds x 60 minuits x 1800 hrs peak sunshine per year = 2.55 x10 22 Joules per year or 25 500 exa Joules <br />
<br />
Current 2012 World annual energy usage from all sources is 600 exa Joules. So with CIGS producing 25 500 exa Joules it could easily ( 42 times over ) provide the required energy.<br />
<br />
CIGS solar area of 6.9 x10 11 Kg x 68 m2 per Kg = 4.692 x10 13 m2 or 46 920 000 Km2 to produce 25 500 exa joules, <br />
<br />
given total required energy is 600 exa joules so required area for CIGS is 1 117 000 km2, given total earth land area is148 940 000 , CIGS area would be 0.7% of total land area.<br />
<br />
(others have quoted a lower figure of TerraWatts or x10 12 Watts ie 1000 times less than this) ( if the lowest quote in the terra watts range is used CIGS solar could provide 25 exa Joules of 600 exa joules ie 5% of energy demand).<br />
<br />
==Discussion==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/latextutorial9.html] Maths formula Wiki authoring Help.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Principles]]<br />
[[Category:MetalicaRap]]</div>
Spectrum Stephen
https://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Pros_%26_Cons_of_two_guns_design&diff=121518
Pros & Cons of two guns design
2014-03-31T11:12:56Z
<p>Spectrum Stephen: /* Second electron gun for SEM postiioned close to the sample with mechanical XY positioning */ Capitalisation</p>
<hr />
<div>== Second electron gun for SEM postiioned close to the sample with mechanical XY positioning ==<br />
<br />
What additional time is added when using two guns?<br />
<br />
Given Electricity is 2kwh per hour .5Euro/hr <br />
<br />
Single gun manufacturing times of Part A was 2480 min '''1.7''' days part B 248 min ''4'' hrs<br />
<br />
Two gun design with SEM electron Gun with XY mechanical movement manufacturing part A 2866 min '''2.0''' days B 287 min ''4.8'' hrs <br />
( max speed of movement of 0.3m per second) <br />
<br />
So '''15''' percent longer manufacturing time as well as '''2''' extra motors ( one vacuum tolerant / expensive ) and extra position sensors and extra computer processing putting the patches together as one image. But advantage of normal sized PIN diode sensors for SEM in back-scatter mode as sensors only 0.1m from sample like a traditional SEM rather than 1m distance from sample a new situation ( see further walk through for detailed calculation).<br />
<br />
[[Category:Community suggestions]]</div>
Spectrum Stephen
https://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=My_Development_Page_Sheet_Metal_Mendel&diff=121517
My Development Page Sheet Metal Mendel
2014-03-31T11:04:36Z
<p>Spectrum Stephen: /* Sheet Metal Mendel */ Capitalisation</p>
<hr />
<div>== Sheet Metal Mendel ==<br />
<br />
Purpose is to build a Mendel-RepStrap out of sheet metal parts.<br />
<br />
These are Lasercut Stainless steel parts from 2mm and 5mm plate material.<br />
<br />
Mixed with standard Mendel type fasteners and "a few reprapped parts".<br />
<br />
This is only for the X-carriage and geared extruder parts to spare weight (= mass).<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Project Start ==<br />
<br />
As in every project it begins with an idea!!<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen_RepRap8.BMP|800px]] <br />
<br />
== Real Time ==<br />
<br />
First parts arrive at the building site.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepStrap]]</div>
Spectrum Stephen
https://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cheaptronic&diff=121516
Cheaptronic
2014-03-31T11:00:59Z
<p>Spectrum Stephen: Grammar and Spelling.</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Cheaptronic ''' is mixture about ramps and arduino. I think that one single board is better than two boards.<br><br />
That is the reason why I built this board. It is easy to use. User friendly. Support two extruders. Motors drivers are POLOLU or<br><br />
STEPSTICK. For me it is ideal and better choice as electronic for 3D printer.<br><br />
Cheaptronic runs marlin firmware that is to good choice.<br />
<br />
{{Development<br />
|image = [[File:cheaptronic10.jpg]]<br />
|status = Working<br />
|name = Cheaptronic 1.0<br />
|description = RepRap electronic driver Arduino and Ramps compatible<br />
|author = Forrest<br />
|license = <br />
|categories = {{tag|Electronics}}<br />
}}</div>
Spectrum Stephen