https://reprap.org/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Dorin+dragan&feedformat=atomRepRap - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T11:35:25ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=83910Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-27T09:29:01Z<p>Dorin dragan: /* Observații juridice */</p>
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<div>{{Languages|Generation 7 Electronics}}<br />
{{Generation7Electronics}}<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg<br />
|description = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|license = various - see individual boards <br />
|author = Traumflug<br />
|categories = [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]], [[Category:Mendel_Development]]<br />
|cadModel = [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics GitHub]<br />
|url = (none)<br />
}}<onlyinclude>Generation 7 este o componentă electronică RepRap proiectată pentru a putea fi făcuta de tine insuţi. Capacitatea de replicare este ceea ce face ca RepRap să fie unic, astfel că, această capacitate de replicare se aplică acum şi in ceea ce priveşte partea electronică. Toate plăcile PCB Gen7 pot fi produse de un RepRap; o maşină de frezare CNC; gravate prin metoda de transfer de toner sau cumpărate. Un obiectiv pe termen lung este acela de a imprima circuitul electronic direct.<br />
<br />
Proiectarea circuitului este foarte similar cu circuitele folosite pentru soluţii precum [[RAMPS]] sau [[Sanguinololu]]. Electronica Generation 7 poate sa controleze acelaşi tip de hardware si poate rula acelaşi tip de firmware. Generation 7 vine în plus cu câteva detalii elegante care îl fac mai flexibil si mai fiabil.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
* Discută despre această componentă electronică aici: [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487 Generation 7 Electronics forum thread].<br />
* Urmăreşte dezvoltarea acestei componente şi descarcă fişiere de la: [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository].<br />
* Găseşte fişiere pentru fabricarea componentei în folder-ul: [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/master/release%20documents latest release files].<br />
<br />
'''Observaţie''': Generation 7 Electronics este în continuă dezvoltare. Cel care o dezvoltă şi oferă suport este [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]. Poţi face copii ale hardware-ului pentru uz personal. Dacă vrei să cumperi componente Gen7, intră pe [[#How to get it | development supporting distribution channels]]. Mulţumesc.<br />
<br />
=Caracteristici & Specificații=<br />
<br />
==Rezumat== <br />
<br />
* Este rapid! Rulează la 20 MHz -> viteză cu 25% mai mare.<br />
* Este complet! Poate controla un suport de printare încălzit folosind doar componentele de pe placă.<br />
* Este confortabil! Are sursă de alimentare în comutaţie și se oprește automat.<br />
* Este deschis la schimbări! Foarte potrivit pentru dezvoltare și personalizare.<br />
* Este flexibil! [[Gen7_Board_1.4 # Non-12-V-Voltages | Capacitatea de a alimenta motoare și încălzitoare cu tensiune diferită]].<br />
* Este accesibil! PCB-urile sunt ușor de cumpărat, de produs folosind un RepRap sau o metodă de gravare (DIY - do it yourself - fă-l tu însuţi).<br />
<br />
==Detalii==<br />
<br />
* Soluție cu o singură placă.<br />
* Imprimarea circuitului pe o singură față PCB.<br />
* CPU (procesor): ATMEGA644, ATmega644P sau ATmega1284P (Atmel Corp)<br />
* 4x driver-e Pololu pas cu pas, de schimb, de până la 1/16 microstepping.<br />
* Lipituri manuale. Convertor USB-TTL pe placă.<br />
* Hardware integrat pentru controlarea unui extruder și unui suport de printare încălzit.<br />
* Sursa de alimentare preferată: ATX 20-pini sau 24 de pini.<br />
* Poate porni sau opri unitatea de alimentare (PSU - power supply unit) din soft dacă se foloseşte o sursă de alimentare ATX.<br />
* Extensii pe placă pentru extruder-e adiţionale, ventilatoare, carduri SD, sau orice este nevoie.<br />
<br />
= Obiectivele proiectării =<br />
<br />
* Păstrarea capacităţii de replicare, de exemplu: distanța minimă între două trasee este de 0,4 mm. Acest lucru scoate din calcul cele mai multe cipuri cu montare la suprafaţă (SMD chips - Surface Mount Devices chips).<br />
* Independenţa de dispozitive produse industrial.<br />
* Flexibilitate, usurinta in utilizare si fiabilitate.<br />
* Implementarea doar a caracteristicilor esențiale pe placa de bază, alte caracteristici putând fi implementate cu ajutorul unor plăcile de extensie suplimentare.<br />
<br />
{| width="60%" align="center"<br />
| align="left" | ''Perfecţiunea (în proiectare) ete atinsă nu când nu mai ai nimic de adăugat, ci mai degrabă când nu mai ai nimic de scos.''<br />
|-<br />
| align="right" | ''Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Cum să obţii=<br />
<br />
Toate aceste magazine susţin dezvoltarea Gen7:<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap-diy.com RepRap DIY] &nbsp; (Outlet-ul lui [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]] )<br />
* [http://paoparts.com Paoparts]<br />
* [http://reprap-france.com eMotion Tech]<br />
<br />
Aceste magazine au PCB-uri, componente şi set-uri de conectoare.<br />
<br />
Vezi de asemenea paginile wiki pentru plăci individuale.<br />
<br />
=Componente Individuale=<br />
<br />
Deoarece Gen7 este o soluţie ce constă într-o singură placă, există doar câteva componente:<br />
<br />
==Placa-AVR==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg | 400px | right]]<br />
<br />
Placa Gen7 este unitatea centrală. Poate controla singură o maşină RepRap, dar nu mai mult de atât.<br />
<br />
====Ultimul Release: v1.5====<br />
<br />
20. Decembrie 2012<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Board-AVR 1.5 | Pagina Wiki]]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
Caracteristici noi:<br />
<br />
* Adaptorul USB este acum pe placa de bază. Aşadar se poate renunţa la de extensie ExtentionBoard-USB-B.<br />
* Bobina pentru anulare a zgomotului pentru AVcc este acum de 10 uH. Acest lucru face ca Gen7 să fie compatibil cu firmware-uri destinate ecranelor LCD. Înainte de implementarea acestei caracteristici, faptul de a cupla un ecran LCD declanșa destul de des detectorul "brown-out-detector".<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Placa-ARM==<br />
<br />
Urmează să apară. Caracteristici ce vor fi implementate:<br />
<br />
* Procesor ARM LPC1114 Cortex-M0.<br />
* 32-bit, 48 MHz.<br />
* Din păcate firmware-ul trebuie portat pentru această placă.<br />
<br />
==Endstop==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Endstop_1.2_Assembled.jpeg | 200px | right]]<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1]] este un cap de cursă optic, făcut să se potrivească pe modelele Mendel & Co.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Plăci de extensie==<br />
<br />
Plăcile de extensie sunt ceea ce fac ca Gen7 să fie puternic și bogat în caracteristici. În timp ce placa de baza are doar strictul necesar pentru ca imprimanta ta să funcţioneze, prin intermediul plăcilor de extensie poţi adăuga multe caracterstici adiţionale.<br />
<br />
Iata cateva extensii care sunt în prezent în curs de dezvoltare sau în lucru:<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,159132,160267#msg-160267 LCD display connector]<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB A 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB A]]: USB adapter using an ATtiny45/85<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB B 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB B]]: USB adapter using an MCP2200<br />
<br />
== Diverse ==<br />
<br />
Pe lângă componentele necesare pentru componentele individuale, aveți nevoie de fire subțiri pentru a pune pe placa de bază termistorul și capul de cursă optic. De exemplu, dintr-un PC mai vechi, poţi folosi cablurile care fac legătura între placa de bază şi hard disk-uri, ventilatoare, indicatoare luminoase sau întrerupătoare pentru resetare.<br />
<br />
Incalzitoarele si motoarele pas cu pas au nevoie de un pic mai mult curent, astfel încât firele ar trebui să fie mai groase. Poţi utiliza cablurile de la aparatele de uz casnic. Acestea sunt formate de obicei din două sau trei fire conductoare de 0,75&nbsp;mm <sup>2</sup> (~ 18 AWG). Scoate izolația exterioară cu atenție, și apoi regrupează-le în seturi de câte două sau patru, după cum este necesar; răsucirea firelor în timp ce faci astfel, reduce influența electromagnetică și le ţine laolaltă. Etichetează capetele, dacă firele nu sunt de culori diferite. Poţi folosi un marker permanent pentru a adăuga o bandă la ambele capete ale unei fir (aceasta îţi permite să utilizezi o singură culoare de două ori și să păstrezi perechile de fire).<br />
<br />
Pentru legături mai scurte sau curenți intermediari, sunt bine venite firele colorate recuperate de la o sursă de alimentare a unui PC. Uneori, firele sunt de două grosimi la aceeaşi sursa. Ca să potriveşti grosimile, îndepărtează învelişul de la capete. Culorile cel mai des întâlnite sunt negru, roşu, galben şi portocaliu.<br />
<br />
= Instrucțiuni de asamblare =<br />
<br />
Cablarea plăcilor este ușor diferită de la o versiune la alta, motiv pentru care aceste detalii au fost mutate în: [[Gen7_Board_1.4.1 Connecting_Devices # | Pagina plăcii]].<br />
<br />
= Observații juridice =<br />
<br />
Generation 7 Electronics nu este un dispozitiv în sensul dat de regulamentul Comunităţii Europene 2004/108/EG (Directiva EMC). Motivele includ:<br />
<br />
* Gen7 nu include o sursă de alimentare, astfel încât un Gen7 nu poate fi utilizat de sine stătător.<br />
* Gen7 nu include drivere pentru motoarele pas cu pas. Gen7 nu este utilizabil fără aceste drivere.<br />
* Incalzitoare, termistori, Idem.<br />
* Instrucțiunile găsite pe paginile wiki Gen7 oferă indicii cu privire la construirea propriului aparat. Ele nu pot fi percepute ca instrucțiuni de instalare sau ca manualul unui dispozitiv finit.<br />
<br />
Dacă utilizezi Gen7 pentru a asambla sau utila ceva, verifică (cel puțin) următoarele, dacă doreşti sa fii conform cu regulamentul menționat:<br />
<br />
* Există o carcasă de metal? O cuşcă Faraday rezolvă cele mai multe probleme electromagnetice.<br />
* Cablurile folosite pot fi, de asemenea, afectate de electromagnetism. Ajută daca le ecranezi.<br />
* Există un manual si sunt acolo instrucțiunile de instalare conform regulamentului?<br />
<br />
Dacă vei cumpăra și asambla un kit Generation 7 Electronics, ești producător în sensul Directivei EMC, nu un utilizator final. Atâta timp cât ești în curs de dezvoltare și testare, majoritatea reglementărilor EMC nu se aplică (din motive evidente). Directiva vrea doar să protejeze propriile dispozitive de cele ale părților terțe, aşadar nu rula Gen7 lângă stimulatorul cardiac al vecinului tău. Nu există nici o limită de timp pentru dezvoltare și testare.<br />
<br />
Acestea fiind spuse, această secțiune se aplică în cea mai mare parte produselor electronice RepRap cunoscute în prezent. De asemenea, cele menţionate au fost scrise după analizarea textelor de lege relevante, de către un inginer mecanic, nu un avocat.<br />
<br />
Legislația relevantă: [http://www.ce-richtlinien.eu/richtlinien/EMV/Gesetz/EMVG_29_07_2009.pdf EMVG], punerea în aplicare a directivei CE pentru Germania.<br />
<br />
=Development=<br />
<br />
Current status of development can be found at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository]. The short term goals are listed above in the [[#Releases]] section.<br />
<br />
==Layout, PCB Editing==<br />
<br />
Gen7 uses [http://www.gpleda.org/index.html gEDA], a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/geda:download available] for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb<br />
<br />
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.<br />
<br />
Additionally, you want to [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics download] the design files with Git or [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/archives/master GitHub's download button]. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.<br />
<br />
==Typical Work Loop with gEDA==<br />
<br />
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:<br />
<br />
* Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.<br />
* Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
* Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.<br />
* If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
<br />
You get the idea?<br />
<br />
==Bug Fixing, Sending Changes==<br />
<br />
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send [http://github.com/Traumflug Traumflug] pull requests.<br />
<br />
==PCB Manufacturing==<br />
<br />
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.<br />
<br />
====Milling====<br />
<br />
On how to proceed further with that, see the [[PCB Milling]] page.<br />
<br />
====Etching====<br />
<br />
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.<br />
<br />
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# If you make a v1.4 board, find the Reset switch and see this one track on the "component" layer, connection the two bottom pins, usually in a greenish color. You'll come back to this track later.<br />
# Hide the "component", "vias" and "pins/pads" layer by clicking on each of the colored rectangles in the layer list.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Netlist. It might be neccessary to pull the new window a bit taller to actually see the list.<br />
# Click on the GND entry in the netlist (usually the third from top), then the "Select" button in the same window.<br />
# Search for GND tracks touching square SMD pads. Use the Lock tool (tool buttons to the left) to lock them down.<br />
# Choose Menu -> Edit -> Cut selection to buffer and click somewhere into the layout.<br />
# Hit Esc on your keyboard.<br />
# Unhide the three layers you hided before.<br />
# By now, all tracks on the GND-sldr layer, usually the light blue ones, should have been removed. Vias and pins meant to connect GND, however, should be still there. Also GND tracks touching square pads should remain visible.<br />
# Check the Reset switch, this one greenish track should be still there.<br />
# Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.<br />
# Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Message Log<br />
# Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key), watch the layout window for the yellowish rat lines and/or circles and watch the Message Log window for errors.<br />
# Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.<br />
# For pins and pads you actually ''want'' to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left). The rat lines/circles will guide you which pins to connect to the GND plane. Thermals don't work for SMD pads, that's why we kept the regular tracks to them, before.<br />
# It might be neccessary to add additional, smaller GND rects to reach areas not covered by the big rect.<br />
# Loop the last four steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest" in the Message Log window. "Congratulations" means, your board's layout is connected correctly.<br />
# In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:<br />
## Switch to the "solder" layer.<br />
## Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.<br />
## Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.<br />
## Type the following and hit Enter:<pre>ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)</pre><br />
## Repeat the above with <code>selectedpins</code> instead of <code>selectedlines</code>.<br />
## Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.<br />
## As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.<br />
# You're done.<br />
<br />
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]<br />
<br />
====Etching via Toner Transfer====<br />
<br />
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:<br />
<br />
[http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487,86267#msg-86267 bryanandaimee writes]:<br />
<br />
: ''I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.''<br />
<br />
Following up on this statement, the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/944b14ede3cc9d782cc00e328e9197e429942847 minimum track width was raised from 20&nbsp;mil to 30&nbsp;mil]. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16&nbsp;mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --[[User:Traumflug|Traumflug]] 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.<br />
# Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.<br />
# Type the following two commands:<br />
<blockquote><pre>changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm)<br />
changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)</pre></blockquote><br />
<br />
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5&nbsp;mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.<br />
<br />
Practical tips for toner transfer see [[DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer]].<br />
<br />
=History=<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7ElectronicsTestboard1.jpg | 300px | thumb | right | The very first working Generation 7 Electronics Board, created by Jacky2k]]<br />
<br />
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a [[#Releases | Release]]).<br />
<br />
The [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?35,56137 Forum thread] (german), where everything started.<br />
<br />
====Work Around Christmas 2010====<br />
<br />
Mostly done by [[User:Jacky2k | Jacky2k]].<br />
<br />
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested.<br />
The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.<br />
<br />
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.<br />
<br />
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.<br />
<br />
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.<br />
<br />
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.<br />
<br />
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...<br />
<br />
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.<br />
<br />
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.<br />
<br />
==Older Releases==<br />
<br />
====10. Feb 2011: v1.0====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?<br />
<br />
====28. Mar 2011: v1.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.<br />
<br />
* Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75&nbsp;mm or 1.0&nbsp;mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.<br />
* Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.<br />
* Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.<br />
* Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ&nbsp;44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.<br />
* Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.<br />
* Fixed the solder mask.<br />
* Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.<br />
* Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.<br />
* Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.<br />
<br />
====12. May 2011: v1.2====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.<br />
<br />
====22. July 2011: 1.3====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/6caa8a681c04307468441c3a9995abbe9271f059 Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters]. These match the required current much better.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/ca9f6d19aeffbf538358526a7508ce3a1500194c Remove the MOSFET for the fan]. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/077ce0058d9b506651d7d65cf539371710b1d66b Remove the I2C header]. Was totally unused.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/7d994eb0f72f23d41326cb84ffede6e9f4801fae Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only]. The extra pin just caused confusion.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/dae1915684d4715c0b8bd83a102fb1fc6742aae2 Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24]. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts [http://pinouts.ru/Power/atxpower_pinout.shtml ATX20] plugs just fine.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/54183e8b45a07bf28b4a2a62536ddd1b00bff8d9 Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters]. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/b371fd7b582dd5873ec48a2781ce9a31b77b1684 MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink]. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.<br />
<br />
====16. August 2011: 1.3.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
This is a bugfix release.<br />
<br />
* Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.<br />
* Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.<br />
* No changes to the hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
====15. May 2012: Gen7Board v1.4====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Most important: Gen7 features now an extension header, so you can stack a feature-rich board on top of the base board. This shall allow for SD card support, additional extruders, displays and perhaps even multi-color extruders.<br />
* Changed motor headers from KK156 to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible. The later are significantly cheaper and a lot more in use these days.<br />
* Reduced the number of endstops to 3, so endstops no longer share pins with the ISP header. Additional endstops can go onto the extension board.<br />
* Connect the thermistor to 5V Standby. This allows to read temperatures without turning the power supply on and requires just 0.1&nbsp;mA additional juice at room temperature, so the additional energy needed for running the thing 24/7 is neglibile.<br />
* Better GND routing for even more accurate temperature readings.<br />
* Reduce resistors between ATmega and MOSFETs to 10&nbsp;Ohms to allow for higher PWM frequencies.<br />
* Tested support for the ATmega1284P.<br />
<br />
====17. August 2012: Gen7Board v1.4.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Distinction between extruder and bed circuitry (heater MOSFET, thermistor connection) to allow differences between them.<br />
* Better MOSFET for the heated bed, bringing in more robustness and making MOSFET heatsinks obsolete.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Generation 7 electronics| ]] [[Category:Electronics development]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=83909Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-27T09:27:10Z<p>Dorin dragan: /* Notice Regarding Legal Stuff */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|Generation 7 Electronics}}<br />
{{Generation7Electronics}}<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg<br />
|description = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|license = various - see individual boards <br />
|author = Traumflug<br />
|categories = [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]], [[Category:Mendel_Development]]<br />
|cadModel = [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics GitHub]<br />
|url = (none)<br />
}}<onlyinclude>Generation 7 este o componentă electronică RepRap proiectată pentru a putea fi făcuta de tine insuţi. Capacitatea de replicare este ceea ce face ca RepRap să fie unic, astfel că, această capacitate de replicare se aplică acum şi in ceea ce priveşte partea electronică. Toate plăcile PCB Gen7 pot fi produse de un RepRap; o maşină de frezare CNC; gravate prin metoda de transfer de toner sau cumpărate. Un obiectiv pe termen lung este acela de a imprima circuitul electronic direct.<br />
<br />
Proiectarea circuitului este foarte similar cu circuitele folosite pentru soluţii precum [[RAMPS]] sau [[Sanguinololu]]. Electronica Generation 7 poate sa controleze acelaşi tip de hardware si poate rula acelaşi tip de firmware. Generation 7 vine în plus cu câteva detalii elegante care îl fac mai flexibil si mai fiabil.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
* Discută despre această componentă electronică aici: [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487 Generation 7 Electronics forum thread].<br />
* Urmăreşte dezvoltarea acestei componente şi descarcă fişiere de la: [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository].<br />
* Găseşte fişiere pentru fabricarea componentei în folder-ul: [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/master/release%20documents latest release files].<br />
<br />
'''Observaţie''': Generation 7 Electronics este în continuă dezvoltare. Cel care o dezvoltă şi oferă suport este [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]. Poţi face copii ale hardware-ului pentru uz personal. Dacă vrei să cumperi componente Gen7, intră pe [[#How to get it | development supporting distribution channels]]. Mulţumesc.<br />
<br />
=Caracteristici & Specificații=<br />
<br />
==Rezumat== <br />
<br />
* Este rapid! Rulează la 20 MHz -> viteză cu 25% mai mare.<br />
* Este complet! Poate controla un suport de printare încălzit folosind doar componentele de pe placă.<br />
* Este confortabil! Are sursă de alimentare în comutaţie și se oprește automat.<br />
* Este deschis la schimbări! Foarte potrivit pentru dezvoltare și personalizare.<br />
* Este flexibil! [[Gen7_Board_1.4 # Non-12-V-Voltages | Capacitatea de a alimenta motoare și încălzitoare cu tensiune diferită]].<br />
* Este accesibil! PCB-urile sunt ușor de cumpărat, de produs folosind un RepRap sau o metodă de gravare (DIY - do it yourself - fă-l tu însuţi).<br />
<br />
==Detalii==<br />
<br />
* Soluție cu o singură placă.<br />
* Imprimarea circuitului pe o singură față PCB.<br />
* CPU (procesor): ATMEGA644, ATmega644P sau ATmega1284P (Atmel Corp)<br />
* 4x driver-e Pololu pas cu pas, de schimb, de până la 1/16 microstepping.<br />
* Lipituri manuale. Convertor USB-TTL pe placă.<br />
* Hardware integrat pentru controlarea unui extruder și unui suport de printare încălzit.<br />
* Sursa de alimentare preferată: ATX 20-pini sau 24 de pini.<br />
* Poate porni sau opri unitatea de alimentare (PSU - power supply unit) din soft dacă se foloseşte o sursă de alimentare ATX.<br />
* Extensii pe placă pentru extruder-e adiţionale, ventilatoare, carduri SD, sau orice este nevoie.<br />
<br />
= Obiectivele proiectării =<br />
<br />
* Păstrarea capacităţii de replicare, de exemplu: distanța minimă între două trasee este de 0,4 mm. Acest lucru scoate din calcul cele mai multe cipuri cu montare la suprafaţă (SMD chips - Surface Mount Devices chips).<br />
* Independenţa de dispozitive produse industrial.<br />
* Flexibilitate, usurinta in utilizare si fiabilitate.<br />
* Implementarea doar a caracteristicilor esențiale pe placa de bază, alte caracteristici putând fi implementate cu ajutorul unor plăcile de extensie suplimentare.<br />
<br />
{| width="60%" align="center"<br />
| align="left" | ''Perfecţiunea (în proiectare) ete atinsă nu când nu mai ai nimic de adăugat, ci mai degrabă când nu mai ai nimic de scos.''<br />
|-<br />
| align="right" | ''Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Cum să obţii=<br />
<br />
Toate aceste magazine susţin dezvoltarea Gen7:<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap-diy.com RepRap DIY] &nbsp; (Outlet-ul lui [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]] )<br />
* [http://paoparts.com Paoparts]<br />
* [http://reprap-france.com eMotion Tech]<br />
<br />
Aceste magazine au PCB-uri, componente şi set-uri de conectoare.<br />
<br />
Vezi de asemenea paginile wiki pentru plăci individuale.<br />
<br />
=Componente Individuale=<br />
<br />
Deoarece Gen7 este o soluţie ce constă într-o singură placă, există doar câteva componente:<br />
<br />
==Placa-AVR==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg | 400px | right]]<br />
<br />
Placa Gen7 este unitatea centrală. Poate controla singură o maşină RepRap, dar nu mai mult de atât.<br />
<br />
====Ultimul Release: v1.5====<br />
<br />
20. Decembrie 2012<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Board-AVR 1.5 | Pagina Wiki]]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
Caracteristici noi:<br />
<br />
* Adaptorul USB este acum pe placa de bază. Aşadar se poate renunţa la de extensie ExtentionBoard-USB-B.<br />
* Bobina pentru anulare a zgomotului pentru AVcc este acum de 10 uH. Acest lucru face ca Gen7 să fie compatibil cu firmware-uri destinate ecranelor LCD. Înainte de implementarea acestei caracteristici, faptul de a cupla un ecran LCD declanșa destul de des detectorul "brown-out-detector".<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Placa-ARM==<br />
<br />
Urmează să apară. Caracteristici ce vor fi implementate:<br />
<br />
* Procesor ARM LPC1114 Cortex-M0.<br />
* 32-bit, 48 MHz.<br />
* Din păcate firmware-ul trebuie portat pentru această placă.<br />
<br />
==Endstop==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Endstop_1.2_Assembled.jpeg | 200px | right]]<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1]] este un cap de cursă optic, făcut să se potrivească pe modelele Mendel & Co.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Plăci de extensie==<br />
<br />
Plăcile de extensie sunt ceea ce fac ca Gen7 să fie puternic și bogat în caracteristici. În timp ce placa de baza are doar strictul necesar pentru ca imprimanta ta să funcţioneze, prin intermediul plăcilor de extensie poţi adăuga multe caracterstici adiţionale.<br />
<br />
Iata cateva extensii care sunt în prezent în curs de dezvoltare sau în lucru:<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,159132,160267#msg-160267 LCD display connector]<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB A 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB A]]: USB adapter using an ATtiny45/85<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB B 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB B]]: USB adapter using an MCP2200<br />
<br />
== Diverse ==<br />
<br />
Pe lângă componentele necesare pentru componentele individuale, aveți nevoie de fire subțiri pentru a pune pe placa de bază termistorul și capul de cursă optic. De exemplu, dintr-un PC mai vechi, poţi folosi cablurile care fac legătura între placa de bază şi hard disk-uri, ventilatoare, indicatoare luminoase sau întrerupătoare pentru resetare.<br />
<br />
Incalzitoarele si motoarele pas cu pas au nevoie de un pic mai mult curent, astfel încât firele ar trebui să fie mai groase. Poţi utiliza cablurile de la aparatele de uz casnic. Acestea sunt formate de obicei din două sau trei fire conductoare de 0,75&nbsp;mm <sup>2</sup> (~ 18 AWG). Scoate izolația exterioară cu atenție, și apoi regrupează-le în seturi de câte două sau patru, după cum este necesar; răsucirea firelor în timp ce faci astfel, reduce influența electromagnetică și le ţine laolaltă. Etichetează capetele, dacă firele nu sunt de culori diferite. Poţi folosi un marker permanent pentru a adăuga o bandă la ambele capete ale unei fir (aceasta îţi permite să utilizezi o singură culoare de două ori și să păstrezi perechile de fire).<br />
<br />
Pentru legături mai scurte sau curenți intermediari, sunt bine venite firele colorate recuperate de la o sursă de alimentare a unui PC. Uneori, firele sunt de două grosimi la aceeaşi sursa. Ca să potriveşti grosimile, îndepărtează învelişul de la capete. Culorile cel mai des întâlnite sunt negru, roşu, galben şi portocaliu.<br />
<br />
= Instrucțiuni de asamblare =<br />
<br />
Cablarea plăcilor este ușor diferită de la o versiune la alta, motiv pentru care aceste detalii au fost mutate în: [[Gen7_Board_1.4.1 Connecting_Devices # | Pagina plăcii]].<br />
<br />
= Observații juridice =<br />
<br />
Generation 7 Electronics nu este un dispozitiv în sensul dat de regulamentul Comunităţii Europene 2004/108/EG (Directiva EMC). Motivele includ:<br />
<br />
* Gen7 nu include o sursă de alimentare, astfel încât un Gen7 nu poate fi utilizat de sine stătător.<br />
* Gen7 nu include drivere pentru motoarele pas cu pas. Gen7 nu este utilizabil fără aceste drivere.<br />
* Incalzitoare, termistori, Idem.<br />
* Instrucțiunile găsite pe paginile wiki Gen7 oferă indicii cu privire la construirea propriul aparat. Ele nu pot fi percepute ca instrucțiuni de instalare sau ca manualul unui dispozitiv finit.<br />
<br />
Dacă utilizezi Gen7 pentru a asambla sau utila ceva, verifică (cel puțin) următoarele, dacă doreşti sa fii conform cu regulamentul menționat:<br />
<br />
* Există o carcasă de metal? O cuşcă Faraday rezolvă cele mai multe probleme electromagnetice.<br />
* Cablurile folosite pot fi, de asemenea, afectate de electromagnetism. Ajută daca le ecranezi.<br />
* Există un manual si sunt acolo instrucțiunile de instalare conform regulamentului?<br />
<br />
Dacă vei cumpăra și asambla un kit Generation 7 Electronics, ești producător în sensul Directivei EMC, nu un utilizator final. Atâta timp cât ești în curs de dezvoltare și testare, majoritatea reglementărilor EMC nu se aplică (din motive evidente).Directiva vrea doar să vă protejați propriile dispozitive de cele ale părților terțe, aşadar nu rula Gen7 lângă stimulatorul cardiac al vecinului tău. Nu există nici o limită de timp pentru dezvoltare și testare.<br />
<br />
Acestea fiind spuse, această secțiune se aplică în cea mai mare parte produselor electronice RepRap cunoscute în prezent. De asemenea, cele menţionate au fost scrise după analizarea textelor de lege relevante, de către un inginer mecanic, nu un avocat.<br />
<br />
Legislația relevantă: [http://www.ce-richtlinien.eu/richtlinien/EMV/Gesetz/EMVG_29_07_2009.pdf EMVG], punerea în aplicare a directivei CE pentru Germania.<br />
<br />
=Development=<br />
<br />
Current status of development can be found at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository]. The short term goals are listed above in the [[#Releases]] section.<br />
<br />
==Layout, PCB Editing==<br />
<br />
Gen7 uses [http://www.gpleda.org/index.html gEDA], a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/geda:download available] for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb<br />
<br />
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.<br />
<br />
Additionally, you want to [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics download] the design files with Git or [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/archives/master GitHub's download button]. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.<br />
<br />
==Typical Work Loop with gEDA==<br />
<br />
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:<br />
<br />
* Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.<br />
* Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
* Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.<br />
* If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
<br />
You get the idea?<br />
<br />
==Bug Fixing, Sending Changes==<br />
<br />
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send [http://github.com/Traumflug Traumflug] pull requests.<br />
<br />
==PCB Manufacturing==<br />
<br />
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.<br />
<br />
====Milling====<br />
<br />
On how to proceed further with that, see the [[PCB Milling]] page.<br />
<br />
====Etching====<br />
<br />
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.<br />
<br />
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# If you make a v1.4 board, find the Reset switch and see this one track on the "component" layer, connection the two bottom pins, usually in a greenish color. You'll come back to this track later.<br />
# Hide the "component", "vias" and "pins/pads" layer by clicking on each of the colored rectangles in the layer list.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Netlist. It might be neccessary to pull the new window a bit taller to actually see the list.<br />
# Click on the GND entry in the netlist (usually the third from top), then the "Select" button in the same window.<br />
# Search for GND tracks touching square SMD pads. Use the Lock tool (tool buttons to the left) to lock them down.<br />
# Choose Menu -> Edit -> Cut selection to buffer and click somewhere into the layout.<br />
# Hit Esc on your keyboard.<br />
# Unhide the three layers you hided before.<br />
# By now, all tracks on the GND-sldr layer, usually the light blue ones, should have been removed. Vias and pins meant to connect GND, however, should be still there. Also GND tracks touching square pads should remain visible.<br />
# Check the Reset switch, this one greenish track should be still there.<br />
# Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.<br />
# Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Message Log<br />
# Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key), watch the layout window for the yellowish rat lines and/or circles and watch the Message Log window for errors.<br />
# Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.<br />
# For pins and pads you actually ''want'' to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left). The rat lines/circles will guide you which pins to connect to the GND plane. Thermals don't work for SMD pads, that's why we kept the regular tracks to them, before.<br />
# It might be neccessary to add additional, smaller GND rects to reach areas not covered by the big rect.<br />
# Loop the last four steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest" in the Message Log window. "Congratulations" means, your board's layout is connected correctly.<br />
# In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:<br />
## Switch to the "solder" layer.<br />
## Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.<br />
## Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.<br />
## Type the following and hit Enter:<pre>ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)</pre><br />
## Repeat the above with <code>selectedpins</code> instead of <code>selectedlines</code>.<br />
## Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.<br />
## As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.<br />
# You're done.<br />
<br />
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]<br />
<br />
====Etching via Toner Transfer====<br />
<br />
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:<br />
<br />
[http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487,86267#msg-86267 bryanandaimee writes]:<br />
<br />
: ''I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.''<br />
<br />
Following up on this statement, the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/944b14ede3cc9d782cc00e328e9197e429942847 minimum track width was raised from 20&nbsp;mil to 30&nbsp;mil]. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16&nbsp;mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --[[User:Traumflug|Traumflug]] 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.<br />
# Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.<br />
# Type the following two commands:<br />
<blockquote><pre>changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm)<br />
changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)</pre></blockquote><br />
<br />
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5&nbsp;mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.<br />
<br />
Practical tips for toner transfer see [[DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer]].<br />
<br />
=History=<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7ElectronicsTestboard1.jpg | 300px | thumb | right | The very first working Generation 7 Electronics Board, created by Jacky2k]]<br />
<br />
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a [[#Releases | Release]]).<br />
<br />
The [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?35,56137 Forum thread] (german), where everything started.<br />
<br />
====Work Around Christmas 2010====<br />
<br />
Mostly done by [[User:Jacky2k | Jacky2k]].<br />
<br />
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested.<br />
The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.<br />
<br />
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.<br />
<br />
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.<br />
<br />
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.<br />
<br />
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.<br />
<br />
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...<br />
<br />
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.<br />
<br />
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.<br />
<br />
==Older Releases==<br />
<br />
====10. Feb 2011: v1.0====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?<br />
<br />
====28. Mar 2011: v1.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.<br />
<br />
* Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75&nbsp;mm or 1.0&nbsp;mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.<br />
* Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.<br />
* Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.<br />
* Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ&nbsp;44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.<br />
* Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.<br />
* Fixed the solder mask.<br />
* Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.<br />
* Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.<br />
* Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.<br />
<br />
====12. May 2011: v1.2====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.<br />
<br />
====22. July 2011: 1.3====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/6caa8a681c04307468441c3a9995abbe9271f059 Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters]. These match the required current much better.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/ca9f6d19aeffbf538358526a7508ce3a1500194c Remove the MOSFET for the fan]. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/077ce0058d9b506651d7d65cf539371710b1d66b Remove the I2C header]. Was totally unused.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/7d994eb0f72f23d41326cb84ffede6e9f4801fae Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only]. The extra pin just caused confusion.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/dae1915684d4715c0b8bd83a102fb1fc6742aae2 Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24]. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts [http://pinouts.ru/Power/atxpower_pinout.shtml ATX20] plugs just fine.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/54183e8b45a07bf28b4a2a62536ddd1b00bff8d9 Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters]. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/b371fd7b582dd5873ec48a2781ce9a31b77b1684 MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink]. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.<br />
<br />
====16. August 2011: 1.3.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
This is a bugfix release.<br />
<br />
* Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.<br />
* Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.<br />
* No changes to the hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
====15. May 2012: Gen7Board v1.4====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Most important: Gen7 features now an extension header, so you can stack a feature-rich board on top of the base board. This shall allow for SD card support, additional extruders, displays and perhaps even multi-color extruders.<br />
* Changed motor headers from KK156 to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible. The later are significantly cheaper and a lot more in use these days.<br />
* Reduced the number of endstops to 3, so endstops no longer share pins with the ISP header. Additional endstops can go onto the extension board.<br />
* Connect the thermistor to 5V Standby. This allows to read temperatures without turning the power supply on and requires just 0.1&nbsp;mA additional juice at room temperature, so the additional energy needed for running the thing 24/7 is neglibile.<br />
* Better GND routing for even more accurate temperature readings.<br />
* Reduce resistors between ATmega and MOSFETs to 10&nbsp;Ohms to allow for higher PWM frequencies.<br />
* Tested support for the ATmega1284P.<br />
<br />
====17. August 2012: Gen7Board v1.4.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Distinction between extruder and bed circuitry (heater MOSFET, thermistor connection) to allow differences between them.<br />
* Better MOSFET for the heated bed, bringing in more robustness and making MOSFET heatsinks obsolete.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Generation 7 electronics| ]] [[Category:Electronics development]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=83908Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-27T09:14:47Z<p>Dorin dragan: /* Assembly Instructions */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|Generation 7 Electronics}}<br />
{{Generation7Electronics}}<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg<br />
|description = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|license = various - see individual boards <br />
|author = Traumflug<br />
|categories = [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]], [[Category:Mendel_Development]]<br />
|cadModel = [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics GitHub]<br />
|url = (none)<br />
}}<onlyinclude>Generation 7 este o componentă electronică RepRap proiectată pentru a putea fi făcuta de tine insuţi. Capacitatea de replicare este ceea ce face ca RepRap să fie unic, astfel că, această capacitate de replicare se aplică acum şi in ceea ce priveşte partea electronică. Toate plăcile PCB Gen7 pot fi produse de un RepRap; o maşină de frezare CNC; gravate prin metoda de transfer de toner sau cumpărate. Un obiectiv pe termen lung este acela de a imprima circuitul electronic direct.<br />
<br />
Proiectarea circuitului este foarte similar cu circuitele folosite pentru soluţii precum [[RAMPS]] sau [[Sanguinololu]]. Electronica Generation 7 poate sa controleze acelaşi tip de hardware si poate rula acelaşi tip de firmware. Generation 7 vine în plus cu câteva detalii elegante care îl fac mai flexibil si mai fiabil.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
* Discută despre această componentă electronică aici: [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487 Generation 7 Electronics forum thread].<br />
* Urmăreşte dezvoltarea acestei componente şi descarcă fişiere de la: [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository].<br />
* Găseşte fişiere pentru fabricarea componentei în folder-ul: [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/master/release%20documents latest release files].<br />
<br />
'''Observaţie''': Generation 7 Electronics este în continuă dezvoltare. Cel care o dezvoltă şi oferă suport este [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]. Poţi face copii ale hardware-ului pentru uz personal. Dacă vrei să cumperi componente Gen7, intră pe [[#How to get it | development supporting distribution channels]]. Mulţumesc.<br />
<br />
=Caracteristici & Specificații=<br />
<br />
==Rezumat== <br />
<br />
* Este rapid! Rulează la 20 MHz -> viteză cu 25% mai mare.<br />
* Este complet! Poate controla un suport de printare încălzit folosind doar componentele de pe placă.<br />
* Este confortabil! Are sursă de alimentare în comutaţie și se oprește automat.<br />
* Este deschis la schimbări! Foarte potrivit pentru dezvoltare și personalizare.<br />
* Este flexibil! [[Gen7_Board_1.4 # Non-12-V-Voltages | Capacitatea de a alimenta motoare și încălzitoare cu tensiune diferită]].<br />
* Este accesibil! PCB-urile sunt ușor de cumpărat, de produs folosind un RepRap sau o metodă de gravare (DIY - do it yourself - fă-l tu însuţi).<br />
<br />
==Detalii==<br />
<br />
* Soluție cu o singură placă.<br />
* Imprimarea circuitului pe o singură față PCB.<br />
* CPU (procesor): ATMEGA644, ATmega644P sau ATmega1284P (Atmel Corp)<br />
* 4x driver-e Pololu pas cu pas, de schimb, de până la 1/16 microstepping.<br />
* Lipituri manuale. Convertor USB-TTL pe placă.<br />
* Hardware integrat pentru controlarea unui extruder și unui suport de printare încălzit.<br />
* Sursa de alimentare preferată: ATX 20-pini sau 24 de pini.<br />
* Poate porni sau opri unitatea de alimentare (PSU - power supply unit) din soft dacă se foloseşte o sursă de alimentare ATX.<br />
* Extensii pe placă pentru extruder-e adiţionale, ventilatoare, carduri SD, sau orice este nevoie.<br />
<br />
= Obiectivele proiectării =<br />
<br />
* Păstrarea capacităţii de replicare, de exemplu: distanța minimă între două trasee este de 0,4 mm. Acest lucru scoate din calcul cele mai multe cipuri cu montare la suprafaţă (SMD chips - Surface Mount Devices chips).<br />
* Independenţa de dispozitive produse industrial.<br />
* Flexibilitate, usurinta in utilizare si fiabilitate.<br />
* Implementarea doar a caracteristicilor esențiale pe placa de bază, alte caracteristici putând fi implementate cu ajutorul unor plăcile de extensie suplimentare.<br />
<br />
{| width="60%" align="center"<br />
| align="left" | ''Perfecţiunea (în proiectare) ete atinsă nu când nu mai ai nimic de adăugat, ci mai degrabă când nu mai ai nimic de scos.''<br />
|-<br />
| align="right" | ''Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Cum să obţii=<br />
<br />
Toate aceste magazine susţin dezvoltarea Gen7:<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap-diy.com RepRap DIY] &nbsp; (Outlet-ul lui [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]] )<br />
* [http://paoparts.com Paoparts]<br />
* [http://reprap-france.com eMotion Tech]<br />
<br />
Aceste magazine au PCB-uri, componente şi set-uri de conectoare.<br />
<br />
Vezi de asemenea paginile wiki pentru plăci individuale.<br />
<br />
=Componente Individuale=<br />
<br />
Deoarece Gen7 este o soluţie ce constă într-o singură placă, există doar câteva componente:<br />
<br />
==Placa-AVR==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg | 400px | right]]<br />
<br />
Placa Gen7 este unitatea centrală. Poate controla singură o maşină RepRap, dar nu mai mult de atât.<br />
<br />
====Ultimul Release: v1.5====<br />
<br />
20. Decembrie 2012<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Board-AVR 1.5 | Pagina Wiki]]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
Caracteristici noi:<br />
<br />
* Adaptorul USB este acum pe placa de bază. Aşadar se poate renunţa la de extensie ExtentionBoard-USB-B.<br />
* Bobina pentru anulare a zgomotului pentru AVcc este acum de 10 uH. Acest lucru face ca Gen7 să fie compatibil cu firmware-uri destinate ecranelor LCD. Înainte de implementarea acestei caracteristici, faptul de a cupla un ecran LCD declanșa destul de des detectorul "brown-out-detector".<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Placa-ARM==<br />
<br />
Urmează să apară. Caracteristici ce vor fi implementate:<br />
<br />
* Procesor ARM LPC1114 Cortex-M0.<br />
* 32-bit, 48 MHz.<br />
* Din păcate firmware-ul trebuie portat pentru această placă.<br />
<br />
==Endstop==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Endstop_1.2_Assembled.jpeg | 200px | right]]<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1]] este un cap de cursă optic, făcut să se potrivească pe modelele Mendel & Co.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Plăci de extensie==<br />
<br />
Plăcile de extensie sunt ceea ce fac ca Gen7 să fie puternic și bogat în caracteristici. În timp ce placa de baza are doar strictul necesar pentru ca imprimanta ta să funcţioneze, prin intermediul plăcilor de extensie poţi adăuga multe caracterstici adiţionale.<br />
<br />
Iata cateva extensii care sunt în prezent în curs de dezvoltare sau în lucru:<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,159132,160267#msg-160267 LCD display connector]<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB A 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB A]]: USB adapter using an ATtiny45/85<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB B 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB B]]: USB adapter using an MCP2200<br />
<br />
== Diverse ==<br />
<br />
Pe lângă componentele necesare pentru componentele individuale, aveți nevoie de fire subțiri pentru a pune pe placa de bază termistorul și capul de cursă optic. De exemplu, dintr-un PC mai vechi, poţi folosi cablurile care fac legătura între placa de bază şi hard disk-uri, ventilatoare, indicatoare luminoase sau întrerupătoare pentru resetare.<br />
<br />
Incalzitoarele si motoarele pas cu pas au nevoie de un pic mai mult curent, astfel încât firele ar trebui să fie mai groase. Poţi utiliza cablurile de la aparatele de uz casnic. Acestea sunt formate de obicei din două sau trei fire conductoare de 0,75&nbsp;mm <sup>2</sup> (~ 18 AWG). Scoate izolația exterioară cu atenție, și apoi regrupează-le în seturi de câte două sau patru, după cum este necesar; răsucirea firelor în timp ce faci astfel, reduce influența electromagnetică și le ţine laolaltă. Etichetează capetele, dacă firele nu sunt de culori diferite. Poţi folosi un marker permanent pentru a adăuga o bandă la ambele capete ale unei fir (aceasta îţi permite să utilizezi o singură culoare de două ori și să păstrezi perechile de fire).<br />
<br />
Pentru legături mai scurte sau curenți intermediari, sunt bine venite firele colorate recuperate de la o sursă de alimentare a unui PC. Uneori, firele sunt de două grosimi la aceeaşi sursa. Ca să potriveşti grosimile, îndepărtează învelişul de la capete. Culorile cel mai des întâlnite sunt negru, roşu, galben şi portocaliu.<br />
<br />
= Instrucțiuni de asamblare =<br />
<br />
Cablarea plăcilor este ușor diferită de la o versiune la alta, motiv pentru care aceste detalii au fost mutate în: [[Gen7_Board_1.4.1 Connecting_Devices # | Pagina plăcii]].<br />
<br />
=Notice Regarding Legal Stuff=<br />
<br />
Generation 7 Electronics isn't a device in the sense of European Community regulation 2004/108/EG (EMC Directive). The reasons include:<br />
<br />
* Gen7 doesn't include a power supply, so a Gen7 can't be used on it's own.<br />
* Same for the stepper drivers. No stepper drivers, no useable Gen7.<br />
* Heaters, thermistors, dito.<br />
* The instructions seen on the Gen7 wiki pages give you hints on how to build your own device, they're not to be seen as installation instructions or a manual of a finished device.<br />
<br />
If you use a Gen7 to assemble something usable, check (at least) the following if you want to conform to said regulation:<br />
<br />
* Is there a metal housing? A Faraday Cage solves most electromagnetic issues.<br />
* Connected cables can also be subject to electromagnetic stuff. Shielding them helps.<br />
* Is there a manual and are there installation instructions conforming to the regulation?<br />
<br />
If you buy and assemble an Generation 7 Electronics kit, you're manufacturer in the sense of the EMC Directive, not an end user. As long as you're developing and testing, most EMC regulations don't apply (for obvious reasons). The directive just wants you to protect devices of third parties from yours, so don't run a Gen7 right next to your neighbour's cardiac pacemaker. There's no time limit for developing and testing.<br />
<br />
That said, this section mostly applies to all currently known RepRap electronics. Also, the said was written after investigation of relevant law texts by an mechanical engineer, not a lawyer.<br />
<br />
Relevant law: [http://www.ce-richtlinien.eu/richtlinien/EMV/Gesetz/EMVG_29_07_2009.pdf EMVG], implementing the EC directive for Germany.<br />
<br />
=Development=<br />
<br />
Current status of development can be found at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository]. The short term goals are listed above in the [[#Releases]] section.<br />
<br />
==Layout, PCB Editing==<br />
<br />
Gen7 uses [http://www.gpleda.org/index.html gEDA], a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/geda:download available] for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb<br />
<br />
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.<br />
<br />
Additionally, you want to [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics download] the design files with Git or [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/archives/master GitHub's download button]. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.<br />
<br />
==Typical Work Loop with gEDA==<br />
<br />
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:<br />
<br />
* Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.<br />
* Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
* Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.<br />
* If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
<br />
You get the idea?<br />
<br />
==Bug Fixing, Sending Changes==<br />
<br />
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send [http://github.com/Traumflug Traumflug] pull requests.<br />
<br />
==PCB Manufacturing==<br />
<br />
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.<br />
<br />
====Milling====<br />
<br />
On how to proceed further with that, see the [[PCB Milling]] page.<br />
<br />
====Etching====<br />
<br />
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.<br />
<br />
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# If you make a v1.4 board, find the Reset switch and see this one track on the "component" layer, connection the two bottom pins, usually in a greenish color. You'll come back to this track later.<br />
# Hide the "component", "vias" and "pins/pads" layer by clicking on each of the colored rectangles in the layer list.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Netlist. It might be neccessary to pull the new window a bit taller to actually see the list.<br />
# Click on the GND entry in the netlist (usually the third from top), then the "Select" button in the same window.<br />
# Search for GND tracks touching square SMD pads. Use the Lock tool (tool buttons to the left) to lock them down.<br />
# Choose Menu -> Edit -> Cut selection to buffer and click somewhere into the layout.<br />
# Hit Esc on your keyboard.<br />
# Unhide the three layers you hided before.<br />
# By now, all tracks on the GND-sldr layer, usually the light blue ones, should have been removed. Vias and pins meant to connect GND, however, should be still there. Also GND tracks touching square pads should remain visible.<br />
# Check the Reset switch, this one greenish track should be still there.<br />
# Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.<br />
# Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Message Log<br />
# Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key), watch the layout window for the yellowish rat lines and/or circles and watch the Message Log window for errors.<br />
# Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.<br />
# For pins and pads you actually ''want'' to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left). The rat lines/circles will guide you which pins to connect to the GND plane. Thermals don't work for SMD pads, that's why we kept the regular tracks to them, before.<br />
# It might be neccessary to add additional, smaller GND rects to reach areas not covered by the big rect.<br />
# Loop the last four steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest" in the Message Log window. "Congratulations" means, your board's layout is connected correctly.<br />
# In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:<br />
## Switch to the "solder" layer.<br />
## Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.<br />
## Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.<br />
## Type the following and hit Enter:<pre>ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)</pre><br />
## Repeat the above with <code>selectedpins</code> instead of <code>selectedlines</code>.<br />
## Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.<br />
## As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.<br />
# You're done.<br />
<br />
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]<br />
<br />
====Etching via Toner Transfer====<br />
<br />
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:<br />
<br />
[http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487,86267#msg-86267 bryanandaimee writes]:<br />
<br />
: ''I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.''<br />
<br />
Following up on this statement, the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/944b14ede3cc9d782cc00e328e9197e429942847 minimum track width was raised from 20&nbsp;mil to 30&nbsp;mil]. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16&nbsp;mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --[[User:Traumflug|Traumflug]] 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.<br />
# Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.<br />
# Type the following two commands:<br />
<blockquote><pre>changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm)<br />
changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)</pre></blockquote><br />
<br />
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5&nbsp;mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.<br />
<br />
Practical tips for toner transfer see [[DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer]].<br />
<br />
=History=<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7ElectronicsTestboard1.jpg | 300px | thumb | right | The very first working Generation 7 Electronics Board, created by Jacky2k]]<br />
<br />
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a [[#Releases | Release]]).<br />
<br />
The [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?35,56137 Forum thread] (german), where everything started.<br />
<br />
====Work Around Christmas 2010====<br />
<br />
Mostly done by [[User:Jacky2k | Jacky2k]].<br />
<br />
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested.<br />
The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.<br />
<br />
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.<br />
<br />
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.<br />
<br />
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.<br />
<br />
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.<br />
<br />
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...<br />
<br />
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.<br />
<br />
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.<br />
<br />
==Older Releases==<br />
<br />
====10. Feb 2011: v1.0====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?<br />
<br />
====28. Mar 2011: v1.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.<br />
<br />
* Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75&nbsp;mm or 1.0&nbsp;mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.<br />
* Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.<br />
* Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.<br />
* Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ&nbsp;44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.<br />
* Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.<br />
* Fixed the solder mask.<br />
* Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.<br />
* Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.<br />
* Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.<br />
<br />
====12. May 2011: v1.2====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.<br />
<br />
====22. July 2011: 1.3====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/6caa8a681c04307468441c3a9995abbe9271f059 Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters]. These match the required current much better.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/ca9f6d19aeffbf538358526a7508ce3a1500194c Remove the MOSFET for the fan]. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/077ce0058d9b506651d7d65cf539371710b1d66b Remove the I2C header]. Was totally unused.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/7d994eb0f72f23d41326cb84ffede6e9f4801fae Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only]. The extra pin just caused confusion.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/dae1915684d4715c0b8bd83a102fb1fc6742aae2 Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24]. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts [http://pinouts.ru/Power/atxpower_pinout.shtml ATX20] plugs just fine.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/54183e8b45a07bf28b4a2a62536ddd1b00bff8d9 Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters]. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/b371fd7b582dd5873ec48a2781ce9a31b77b1684 MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink]. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.<br />
<br />
====16. August 2011: 1.3.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
This is a bugfix release.<br />
<br />
* Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.<br />
* Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.<br />
* No changes to the hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
====15. May 2012: Gen7Board v1.4====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Most important: Gen7 features now an extension header, so you can stack a feature-rich board on top of the base board. This shall allow for SD card support, additional extruders, displays and perhaps even multi-color extruders.<br />
* Changed motor headers from KK156 to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible. The later are significantly cheaper and a lot more in use these days.<br />
* Reduced the number of endstops to 3, so endstops no longer share pins with the ISP header. Additional endstops can go onto the extension board.<br />
* Connect the thermistor to 5V Standby. This allows to read temperatures without turning the power supply on and requires just 0.1&nbsp;mA additional juice at room temperature, so the additional energy needed for running the thing 24/7 is neglibile.<br />
* Better GND routing for even more accurate temperature readings.<br />
* Reduce resistors between ATmega and MOSFETs to 10&nbsp;Ohms to allow for higher PWM frequencies.<br />
* Tested support for the ATmega1284P.<br />
<br />
====17. August 2012: Gen7Board v1.4.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Distinction between extruder and bed circuitry (heater MOSFET, thermistor connection) to allow differences between them.<br />
* Better MOSFET for the heated bed, bringing in more robustness and making MOSFET heatsinks obsolete.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Generation 7 electronics| ]] [[Category:Electronics development]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=83702Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-26T08:53:11Z<p>Dorin dragan: /* Individual Components */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|Generation 7 Electronics}}<br />
{{Generation7Electronics}}<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg<br />
|description = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|license = various - see individual boards <br />
|author = Traumflug<br />
|categories = [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]], [[Category:Mendel_Development]]<br />
|cadModel = [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics GitHub]<br />
|url = (none)<br />
}}<onlyinclude>Generation 7 este o componentă electronică RepRap proiectată pentru a putea fi făcuta de tine insuţi. Capacitatea de replicare este ceea ce face ca RepRap să fie unic, astfel că, această capacitate de replicare se aplică acum şi in ceea ce priveşte partea electronică. Toate plăcile PCB Gen7 pot fi produse de un RepRap; o maşină de frezare CNC; gravate prin metoda de transfer de toner sau cumpărate. Un obiectiv pe termen lung este acela de a imprima circuitul electronic direct.<br />
<br />
Proiectarea circuitului este foarte similar cu circuitele folosite pentru soluţii precum [[RAMPS]] sau [[Sanguinololu]]. Electronica Generation 7 poate sa controleze acelaşi tip de hardware si poate rula acelaşi tip de firmware. Generation 7 vine în plus cu câteva detalii elegante care îl fac mai flexibil si mai fiabil.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
* Discută despre această componentă electronică aici: [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487 Generation 7 Electronics forum thread].<br />
* Urmăreşte dezvoltarea acestei componente şi descarcă fişiere de la: [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository].<br />
* Găseşte fişiere pentru fabricarea componentei în folder-ul: [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/master/release%20documents latest release files].<br />
<br />
'''Observaţie''': Generation 7 Electronics este în continuă dezvoltare. Cel care o dezvoltă şi oferă suport este [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]. Poţi face copii ale hardware-ului pentru uz personal. Dacă vrei să cumperi componente Gen7, intră pe [[#How to get it | development supporting distribution channels]]. Mulţumesc.<br />
<br />
=Caracteristici & Specificații=<br />
<br />
==Rezumat== <br />
<br />
* Este rapid! Rulează la 20 MHz -> viteză cu 25% mai mare.<br />
* Este complet! Poate controla un suport de printare încălzit folosind doar componentele de pe placă.<br />
* Este confortabil! Are sursă de alimentare în comutaţie și se oprește automat.<br />
* Este deschis la schimbări! Foarte potrivit pentru dezvoltare și personalizare.<br />
* Este flexibil! [[Gen7_Board_1.4 # Non-12-V-Voltages | Capacitatea de a alimenta motoare și încălzitoare cu tensiune diferită]].<br />
* Este accesibil! PCB-urile sunt ușor de cumpărat, de produs folosind un RepRap sau o metodă de gravare (DIY - do it yourself - fă-l tu însuţi).<br />
<br />
==Detalii==<br />
<br />
* Soluție cu o singură placă.<br />
* Imprimarea circuitului pe o singură față PCB.<br />
* CPU (procesor): ATMEGA644, ATmega644P sau ATmega1284P (Atmel Corp)<br />
* 4x driver-e Pololu pas cu pas, de schimb, de până la 1/16 microstepping.<br />
* Lipituri manuale. Convertor USB-TTL pe placă.<br />
* Hardware integrat pentru controlarea unui extruder și unui suport de printare încălzit.<br />
* Sursa de alimentare preferată: ATX 20-pini sau 24 de pini.<br />
* Poate porni sau opri unitatea de alimentare (PSU - power supply unit) din soft dacă se foloseşte o sursă de alimentare ATX.<br />
* Extensii pe placă pentru extruder-e adiţionale, ventilatoare, carduri SD, sau orice este nevoie.<br />
<br />
= Obiectivele proiectării =<br />
<br />
* Păstrarea capacităţii de replicare, de exemplu: distanța minimă între două trasee este de 0,4 mm. Acest lucru scoate din calcul cele mai multe cipuri cu montare la suprafaţă (SMD chips - Surface Mount Devices chips).<br />
* Independenţa de dispozitive produse industrial.<br />
* Flexibilitate, usurinta in utilizare si fiabilitate.<br />
* Implementarea doar a caracteristicilor esențiale pe placa de bază, alte caracteristici putând fi implementate cu ajutorul unor plăcile de extensie suplimentare.<br />
<br />
{| width="60%" align="center"<br />
| align="left" | ''Perfecţiunea (în proiectare) ete atinsă nu când nu mai ai nimic de adăugat, ci mai degrabă când nu mai ai nimic de scos.''<br />
|-<br />
| align="right" | ''Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Cum să obţii=<br />
<br />
Toate aceste magazine susţin dezvoltarea Gen7:<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap-diy.com RepRap DIY] &nbsp; (Outlet-ul lui [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]] )<br />
* [http://paoparts.com Paoparts]<br />
* [http://reprap-france.com eMotion Tech]<br />
<br />
Aceste magazine au PCB-uri, componente şi set-uri de conectoare.<br />
<br />
Vezi de asemenea paginile wiki pentru plăci individuale.<br />
<br />
=Componente Individuale=<br />
<br />
Deoarece Gen7 este o soluţie ce constă într-o singură placă, există doar câteva componente:<br />
<br />
==Placa-AVR==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg | 400px | right]]<br />
<br />
Placa Gen7 este unitatea centrală. Poate controla singură o maşină RepRap, dar nu mai mult de atât.<br />
<br />
====Ultimul Release: v1.5====<br />
<br />
20. Decembrie 2012<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Board-AVR 1.5 | Pagina Wiki]]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
Caracteristici noi:<br />
<br />
* Adaptorul USB este acum pe placa de bază. Aşadar se poate renunţa la de extensie ExtentionBoard-USB-B.<br />
* Bobina pentru anulare a zgomotului pentru AVcc este acum de 10 uH. Acest lucru face ca Gen7 să fie compatibil cu firmware-uri destinate ecranelor LCD. Înainte de implementarea acestei caracteristici, faptul de a cupla un ecran LCD declanșa destul de des detectorul "brown-out-detector".<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Placa-ARM==<br />
<br />
Urmează să apară. Caracteristici ce vor fi implementate:<br />
<br />
* Procesor ARM LPC1114 Cortex-M0.<br />
* 32-bit, 48 MHz.<br />
* Din păcate firmware-ul trebuie portat pentru această placă.<br />
<br />
==Endstop==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Endstop_1.2_Assembled.jpeg | 200px | right]]<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1]] este un cap de cursă optic, făcut să se potrivească pe modelele Mendel & Co.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Plăci de extensie==<br />
<br />
Plăcile de extensie sunt ceea ce fac ca Gen7 să fie puternic și bogat în caracteristici. În timp ce placa de baza are doar strictul necesar pentru ca imprimanta ta să funcţioneze, prin intermediul plăcilor de extensie poţi adăuga multe caracterstici adiţionale.<br />
<br />
Iata cateva extensii care sunt în prezent în curs de dezvoltare sau în lucru:<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,159132,160267#msg-160267 LCD display connector]<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB A 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB A]]: USB adapter using an ATtiny45/85<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB B 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB B]]: USB adapter using an MCP2200<br />
<br />
== Diverse ==<br />
<br />
Pe lângă componentele necesare pentru componentele individuale, aveți nevoie de fire subțiri pentru a pune pe placa de bază termistorul și capul de cursă optic. De exemplu, dintr-un PC mai vechi, poţi folosi cablurile care fac legătura între placa de bază şi hard disk-uri, ventilatoare, indicatoare luminoase sau întrerupătoare pentru resetare.<br />
<br />
Incalzitoarele si motoarele pas cu pas au nevoie de un pic mai mult curent, astfel încât firele ar trebui să fie mai groase. Poţi utiliza cablurile de la aparatele de uz casnic. Acestea sunt formate de obicei din două sau trei fire conductoare de 0,75&nbsp;mm <sup>2</sup> (~ 18 AWG). Scoate izolația exterioară cu atenție, și apoi regrupează-le în seturi de câte două sau patru, după cum este necesar; răsucirea firelor în timp ce faci astfel, reduce influența electromagnetică și le ţine laolaltă. Etichetează capetele, dacă firele nu sunt de culori diferite. Poţi folosi un marker permanent pentru a adăuga o bandă la ambele capete ale unei fir (aceasta îţi permite să utilizezi o singură culoare de două ori și să păstrezi perechile de fire).<br />
<br />
Pentru legături mai scurte sau curenți intermediari, sunt bine venite firele colorate recuperate de la o sursă de alimentare a unui PC. Uneori, firele sunt de două grosimi la aceeaşi sursa. Ca să potriveşti grosimile, îndepărtează învelişul de la capete. Culorile cel mai des întâlnite sunt negru, roşu, galben şi portocaliu.<br />
<br />
=Assembly Instructions=<br />
<br />
As the wiring of the boards is slightly different for each released version, these details have been moved to the [[Gen7_Board_1.4.1#Connecting_Devices | board's page]].<br />
<br />
=Notice Regarding Legal Stuff=<br />
<br />
Generation 7 Electronics isn't a device in the sense of European Community regulation 2004/108/EG (EMC Directive). The reasons include:<br />
<br />
* Gen7 doesn't include a power supply, so a Gen7 can't be used on it's own.<br />
* Same for the stepper drivers. No stepper drivers, no useable Gen7.<br />
* Heaters, thermistors, dito.<br />
* The instructions seen on the Gen7 wiki pages give you hints on how to build your own device, they're not to be seen as installation instructions or a manual of a finished device.<br />
<br />
If you use a Gen7 to assemble something usable, check (at least) the following if you want to conform to said regulation:<br />
<br />
* Is there a metal housing? A Faraday Cage solves most electromagnetic issues.<br />
* Connected cables can also be subject to electromagnetic stuff. Shielding them helps.<br />
* Is there a manual and are there installation instructions conforming to the regulation?<br />
<br />
If you buy and assemble an Generation 7 Electronics kit, you're manufacturer in the sense of the EMC Directive, not an end user. As long as you're developing and testing, most EMC regulations don't apply (for obvious reasons). The directive just wants you to protect devices of third parties from yours, so don't run a Gen7 right next to your neighbour's cardiac pacemaker. There's no time limit for developing and testing.<br />
<br />
That said, this section mostly applies to all currently known RepRap electronics. Also, the said was written after investigation of relevant law texts by an mechanical engineer, not a lawyer.<br />
<br />
Relevant law: [http://www.ce-richtlinien.eu/richtlinien/EMV/Gesetz/EMVG_29_07_2009.pdf EMVG], implementing the EC directive for Germany.<br />
<br />
=Development=<br />
<br />
Current status of development can be found at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository]. The short term goals are listed above in the [[#Releases]] section.<br />
<br />
==Layout, PCB Editing==<br />
<br />
Gen7 uses [http://www.gpleda.org/index.html gEDA], a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/geda:download available] for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb<br />
<br />
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.<br />
<br />
Additionally, you want to [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics download] the design files with Git or [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/archives/master GitHub's download button]. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.<br />
<br />
==Typical Work Loop with gEDA==<br />
<br />
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:<br />
<br />
* Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.<br />
* Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
* Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.<br />
* If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
<br />
You get the idea?<br />
<br />
==Bug Fixing, Sending Changes==<br />
<br />
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send [http://github.com/Traumflug Traumflug] pull requests.<br />
<br />
==PCB Manufacturing==<br />
<br />
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.<br />
<br />
====Milling====<br />
<br />
On how to proceed further with that, see the [[PCB Milling]] page.<br />
<br />
====Etching====<br />
<br />
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.<br />
<br />
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# If you make a v1.4 board, find the Reset switch and see this one track on the "component" layer, connection the two bottom pins, usually in a greenish color. You'll come back to this track later.<br />
# Hide the "component", "vias" and "pins/pads" layer by clicking on each of the colored rectangles in the layer list.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Netlist. It might be neccessary to pull the new window a bit taller to actually see the list.<br />
# Click on the GND entry in the netlist (usually the third from top), then the "Select" button in the same window.<br />
# Search for GND tracks touching square SMD pads. Use the Lock tool (tool buttons to the left) to lock them down.<br />
# Choose Menu -> Edit -> Cut selection to buffer and click somewhere into the layout.<br />
# Hit Esc on your keyboard.<br />
# Unhide the three layers you hided before.<br />
# By now, all tracks on the GND-sldr layer, usually the light blue ones, should have been removed. Vias and pins meant to connect GND, however, should be still there. Also GND tracks touching square pads should remain visible.<br />
# Check the Reset switch, this one greenish track should be still there.<br />
# Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.<br />
# Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Message Log<br />
# Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key), watch the layout window for the yellowish rat lines and/or circles and watch the Message Log window for errors.<br />
# Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.<br />
# For pins and pads you actually ''want'' to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left). The rat lines/circles will guide you which pins to connect to the GND plane. Thermals don't work for SMD pads, that's why we kept the regular tracks to them, before.<br />
# It might be neccessary to add additional, smaller GND rects to reach areas not covered by the big rect.<br />
# Loop the last four steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest" in the Message Log window. "Congratulations" means, your board's layout is connected correctly.<br />
# In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:<br />
## Switch to the "solder" layer.<br />
## Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.<br />
## Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.<br />
## Type the following and hit Enter:<pre>ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)</pre><br />
## Repeat the above with <code>selectedpins</code> instead of <code>selectedlines</code>.<br />
## Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.<br />
## As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.<br />
# You're done.<br />
<br />
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]<br />
<br />
====Etching via Toner Transfer====<br />
<br />
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:<br />
<br />
[http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487,86267#msg-86267 bryanandaimee writes]:<br />
<br />
: ''I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.''<br />
<br />
Following up on this statement, the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/944b14ede3cc9d782cc00e328e9197e429942847 minimum track width was raised from 20&nbsp;mil to 30&nbsp;mil]. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16&nbsp;mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --[[User:Traumflug|Traumflug]] 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.<br />
# Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.<br />
# Type the following two commands:<br />
<blockquote><pre>changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm)<br />
changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)</pre></blockquote><br />
<br />
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5&nbsp;mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.<br />
<br />
Practical tips for toner transfer see [[DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer]].<br />
<br />
=History=<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7ElectronicsTestboard1.jpg | 300px | thumb | right | The very first working Generation 7 Electronics Board, created by Jacky2k]]<br />
<br />
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a [[#Releases | Release]]).<br />
<br />
The [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?35,56137 Forum thread] (german), where everything started.<br />
<br />
====Work Around Christmas 2010====<br />
<br />
Mostly done by [[User:Jacky2k | Jacky2k]].<br />
<br />
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested.<br />
The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.<br />
<br />
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.<br />
<br />
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.<br />
<br />
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.<br />
<br />
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.<br />
<br />
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...<br />
<br />
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.<br />
<br />
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.<br />
<br />
==Older Releases==<br />
<br />
====10. Feb 2011: v1.0====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?<br />
<br />
====28. Mar 2011: v1.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.<br />
<br />
* Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75&nbsp;mm or 1.0&nbsp;mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.<br />
* Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.<br />
* Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.<br />
* Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ&nbsp;44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.<br />
* Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.<br />
* Fixed the solder mask.<br />
* Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.<br />
* Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.<br />
* Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.<br />
<br />
====12. May 2011: v1.2====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.<br />
<br />
====22. July 2011: 1.3====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/6caa8a681c04307468441c3a9995abbe9271f059 Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters]. These match the required current much better.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/ca9f6d19aeffbf538358526a7508ce3a1500194c Remove the MOSFET for the fan]. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/077ce0058d9b506651d7d65cf539371710b1d66b Remove the I2C header]. Was totally unused.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/7d994eb0f72f23d41326cb84ffede6e9f4801fae Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only]. The extra pin just caused confusion.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/dae1915684d4715c0b8bd83a102fb1fc6742aae2 Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24]. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts [http://pinouts.ru/Power/atxpower_pinout.shtml ATX20] plugs just fine.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/54183e8b45a07bf28b4a2a62536ddd1b00bff8d9 Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters]. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/b371fd7b582dd5873ec48a2781ce9a31b77b1684 MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink]. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.<br />
<br />
====16. August 2011: 1.3.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
This is a bugfix release.<br />
<br />
* Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.<br />
* Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.<br />
* No changes to the hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
====15. May 2012: Gen7Board v1.4====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Most important: Gen7 features now an extension header, so you can stack a feature-rich board on top of the base board. This shall allow for SD card support, additional extruders, displays and perhaps even multi-color extruders.<br />
* Changed motor headers from KK156 to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible. The later are significantly cheaper and a lot more in use these days.<br />
* Reduced the number of endstops to 3, so endstops no longer share pins with the ISP header. Additional endstops can go onto the extension board.<br />
* Connect the thermistor to 5V Standby. This allows to read temperatures without turning the power supply on and requires just 0.1&nbsp;mA additional juice at room temperature, so the additional energy needed for running the thing 24/7 is neglibile.<br />
* Better GND routing for even more accurate temperature readings.<br />
* Reduce resistors between ATmega and MOSFETs to 10&nbsp;Ohms to allow for higher PWM frequencies.<br />
* Tested support for the ATmega1284P.<br />
<br />
====17. August 2012: Gen7Board v1.4.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Distinction between extruder and bed circuitry (heater MOSFET, thermistor connection) to allow differences between them.<br />
* Better MOSFET for the heated bed, bringing in more robustness and making MOSFET heatsinks obsolete.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Generation 7 electronics| ]] [[Category:Electronics development]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=83571Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-25T11:02:18Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|Generation 7 Electronics}}<br />
{{Generation7Electronics}}<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg<br />
|description = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|license = various - see individual boards <br />
|author = Traumflug<br />
|categories = [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]], [[Category:Mendel_Development]]<br />
|cadModel = [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics GitHub]<br />
|url = (none)<br />
}}<onlyinclude>Generation 7 este o componentă electronică RepRap proiectată pentru a putea fi făcuta de tine insuţi. Capacitatea de replicare este ceea ce face ca RepRap să fie unic, astfel că, această capacitate de replicare se aplică acum şi in ceea ce priveşte partea electronică. Toate plăcile PCB Gen7 pot fi produse de un RepRap; o maşină de frezare CNC; gravate prin metoda de transfer de toner sau cumpărate. Un obiectiv pe termen lung este acela de a imprima circuitul electronic direct.<br />
<br />
Proiectarea circuitului este foarte similar cu circuitele folosite pentru soluţii precum [[RAMPS]] sau [[Sanguinololu]]. Electronica Generation 7 poate sa controleze acelaşi tip de hardware si poate rula acelaşi tip de firmware. Generation 7 vine în plus cu câteva detalii elegante care îl fac mai flexibil si mai fiabil.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
* Discută despre această componentă electronică aici: [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487 Generation 7 Electronics forum thread].<br />
* Urmăreşte dezvoltarea acestei componente şi descarcă fişiere de la: [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository].<br />
* Găseşte fişiere pentru fabricarea componentei în folder-ul: [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/master/release%20documents latest release files].<br />
<br />
'''Observaţie''': Generation 7 Electronics este în continuă dezvoltare. Cel care o dezvoltă şi oferă suport este [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]. Poţi face copii ale hardware-ului pentru uz personal. Dacă vrei să cumperi componente Gen7, intră pe [[#How to get it | development supporting distribution channels]]. Mulţumesc.<br />
<br />
=Caracteristici & Specificații=<br />
<br />
==Rezumat== <br />
<br />
* Este rapid! Rulează la 20 MHz -> viteză cu 25% mai mare.<br />
* Este complet! Poate controla un suport de printare încălzit folosind doar componentele de pe placă.<br />
* Este confortabil! Are sursă de alimentare în comutaţie și se oprește automat.<br />
* Este deschis la schimbări! Foarte potrivit pentru dezvoltare și personalizare.<br />
* Este flexibil! [[Gen7_Board_1.4 # Non-12-V-Voltages | Capacitatea de a alimenta motoare și încălzitoare cu tensiune diferită]].<br />
* Este accesibil! PCB-urile sunt ușor de cumpărat, de produs folosind un RepRap sau o metodă de gravare (DIY - do it yourself - fă-l tu însuţi).<br />
<br />
==Detalii==<br />
<br />
* Soluție cu o singură placă.<br />
* Imprimarea circuitului pe o singură față PCB.<br />
* CPU (procesor): ATMEGA644, ATmega644P sau ATmega1284P (Atmel Corp)<br />
* 4x driver-e Pololu pas cu pas, de schimb, de până la 1/16 microstepping.<br />
* Lipituri manuale. Convertor USB-TTL pe placă.<br />
* Hardware integrat pentru controlarea unui extruder și unui suport de printare încălzit.<br />
* Sursa de alimentare preferată: ATX 20-pini sau 24 de pini.<br />
* Poate porni sau opri unitatea de alimentare (PSU - power supply unit) din soft dacă se foloseşte o sursă de alimentare ATX.<br />
* Extensii pe placă pentru extruder-e adiţionale, ventilatoare, carduri SD, sau orice este nevoie.<br />
<br />
= Obiectivele proiectării =<br />
<br />
* Păstrarea capacităţii de replicare, de exemplu: distanța minimă între două trasee este de 0,4 mm. Acest lucru scoate din calcul cele mai multe cipuri cu montare la suprafaţă (SMD chips - Surface Mount Devices chips).<br />
* Independenţa de dispozitive produse industrial.<br />
* Flexibilitate, usurinta in utilizare si fiabilitate.<br />
* Implementarea doar a caracteristicilor esențiale pe placa de bază, alte caracteristici putând fi implementate cu ajutorul unor plăcile de extensie suplimentare.<br />
<br />
{| width="60%" align="center"<br />
| align="left" | ''Perfecţiunea (în proiectare) ete atinsă nu când nu mai ai nimic de adăugat, ci mai degrabă când nu mai ai nimic de scos.''<br />
|-<br />
| align="right" | ''Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Cum să obţii=<br />
<br />
Toate aceste magazine susţin dezvoltarea Gen7:<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap-diy.com RepRap DIY] &nbsp; (Outlet-ul lui [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]] )<br />
* [http://paoparts.com Paoparts]<br />
* [http://reprap-france.com eMotion Tech]<br />
<br />
Aceste magazine au PCB-uri, componente şi set-uri de conectoare.<br />
<br />
Vezi de asemenea paginile wiki pentru plăci individuale.<br />
<br />
=Individual Components=<br />
<br />
As Gen7 is a single board solution, it consists of only few components:<br />
<br />
==Board-AVR==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg | 400px | right]]<br />
<br />
Gen7 Board is the central unit. It can drive a RepRap machine on its own, but not much more. Full power to the basics, no expensive extra features.<br />
<br />
====Latest Release: v1.5====<br />
<br />
20. December 2012<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Board-AVR 1.5 | Wiki Page]]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The USB adapter is now on the main board. Pretty much what's on the ExtentionBoard-USB-B already, making this obsolete.<br />
* Noise cancelling coil for AVcc now 10 uH. This makes Gen7 compatible with firmwares supporting LCD displays. Previously, hooking up a display would trigger the brown-out-detector often.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Board-ARM==<br />
<br />
Soon to come. Expected features:<br />
<br />
* ARM LPC1114 Cortex-M0 CPU in a through hole pins package.<br />
* 32-bit, 48 MHz.<br />
* The unfortunate thing: firmware has yet to be ported.<br />
<br />
==Endstop==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Endstop_1.2_Assembled.jpeg | 200px | right]]<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1]] is an optical endstop, made to fit on Mendels & Co.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Extension Boards==<br />
<br />
Extension boards are what makes Gen7 powerful and feature rich. While the base board has only the essentials to get your printer running, you can add on this part later to enjoy all the goodies.<br />
<br />
Here are a few extensions currently in development or already working:<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,159132,160267#msg-160267 LCD display connector]<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB A 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB A]]: USB adapter using an ATtiny45/85<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB B 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB B]]: USB adapter using an MCP2200<br />
<br />
==Miscellaneous==<br />
<br />
Besides the parts needed for the individual components, you need thin wires to get the thermistor and end-stop signals to the Board. For example, you can salvage the cables you find between a PC main board and the PC's hard disks or those from any fans, indicator lights and reset switches.<br />
<br />
Heaters and stepper motors need a bit more current, so the wires should be thicker. It's a good idea to use cables from mains household appliances. These have typically 2x or 3x 0.75&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> (~18 AWG) wire multi conductor cables. Remove the outer insulation carefully, and then re-group them in sets of two or four, as needed; twisting the wires while doing so reduces electromagnetic influence and keeps them tidy. Label the ends if you do not have enough colours, a permanent marker can be used to add a stripe to both ends of a wire, this lets you use one colour twice (and keep pairs matched up).<br />
<br />
For shorter links or intermediate currents, the coloured wires from salvaged PC power supplies are well suited, sometimes they have two thicknesses on one PSU, you can strip the ends and compare which ones are the most suitable, they come in a number of colours, black, red, yellow and orange are the most common.<br />
<br />
=Assembly Instructions=<br />
<br />
As the wiring of the boards is slightly different for each released version, these details have been moved to the [[Gen7_Board_1.4.1#Connecting_Devices | board's page]].<br />
<br />
=Notice Regarding Legal Stuff=<br />
<br />
Generation 7 Electronics isn't a device in the sense of European Community regulation 2004/108/EG (EMC Directive). The reasons include:<br />
<br />
* Gen7 doesn't include a power supply, so a Gen7 can't be used on it's own.<br />
* Same for the stepper drivers. No stepper drivers, no useable Gen7.<br />
* Heaters, thermistors, dito.<br />
* The instructions seen on the Gen7 wiki pages give you hints on how to build your own device, they're not to be seen as installation instructions or a manual of a finished device.<br />
<br />
If you use a Gen7 to assemble something usable, check (at least) the following if you want to conform to said regulation:<br />
<br />
* Is there a metal housing? A Faraday Cage solves most electromagnetic issues.<br />
* Connected cables can also be subject to electromagnetic stuff. Shielding them helps.<br />
* Is there a manual and are there installation instructions conforming to the regulation?<br />
<br />
If you buy and assemble an Generation 7 Electronics kit, you're manufacturer in the sense of the EMC Directive, not an end user. As long as you're developing and testing, most EMC regulations don't apply (for obvious reasons). The directive just wants you to protect devices of third parties from yours, so don't run a Gen7 right next to your neighbour's cardiac pacemaker. There's no time limit for developing and testing.<br />
<br />
That said, this section mostly applies to all currently known RepRap electronics. Also, the said was written after investigation of relevant law texts by an mechanical engineer, not a lawyer.<br />
<br />
Relevant law: [http://www.ce-richtlinien.eu/richtlinien/EMV/Gesetz/EMVG_29_07_2009.pdf EMVG], implementing the EC directive for Germany.<br />
<br />
=Development=<br />
<br />
Current status of development can be found at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository]. The short term goals are listed above in the [[#Releases]] section.<br />
<br />
==Layout, PCB Editing==<br />
<br />
Gen7 uses [http://www.gpleda.org/index.html gEDA], a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/geda:download available] for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb<br />
<br />
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.<br />
<br />
Additionally, you want to [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics download] the design files with Git or [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/archives/master GitHub's download button]. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.<br />
<br />
==Typical Work Loop with gEDA==<br />
<br />
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:<br />
<br />
* Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.<br />
* Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
* Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.<br />
* If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
<br />
You get the idea?<br />
<br />
==Bug Fixing, Sending Changes==<br />
<br />
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send [http://github.com/Traumflug Traumflug] pull requests.<br />
<br />
==PCB Manufacturing==<br />
<br />
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.<br />
<br />
====Milling====<br />
<br />
On how to proceed further with that, see the [[PCB Milling]] page.<br />
<br />
====Etching====<br />
<br />
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.<br />
<br />
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# If you make a v1.4 board, find the Reset switch and see this one track on the "component" layer, connection the two bottom pins, usually in a greenish color. You'll come back to this track later.<br />
# Hide the "component", "vias" and "pins/pads" layer by clicking on each of the colored rectangles in the layer list.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Netlist. It might be neccessary to pull the new window a bit taller to actually see the list.<br />
# Click on the GND entry in the netlist (usually the third from top), then the "Select" button in the same window.<br />
# Search for GND tracks touching square SMD pads. Use the Lock tool (tool buttons to the left) to lock them down.<br />
# Choose Menu -> Edit -> Cut selection to buffer and click somewhere into the layout.<br />
# Hit Esc on your keyboard.<br />
# Unhide the three layers you hided before.<br />
# By now, all tracks on the GND-sldr layer, usually the light blue ones, should have been removed. Vias and pins meant to connect GND, however, should be still there. Also GND tracks touching square pads should remain visible.<br />
# Check the Reset switch, this one greenish track should be still there.<br />
# Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.<br />
# Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Message Log<br />
# Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key), watch the layout window for the yellowish rat lines and/or circles and watch the Message Log window for errors.<br />
# Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.<br />
# For pins and pads you actually ''want'' to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left). The rat lines/circles will guide you which pins to connect to the GND plane. Thermals don't work for SMD pads, that's why we kept the regular tracks to them, before.<br />
# It might be neccessary to add additional, smaller GND rects to reach areas not covered by the big rect.<br />
# Loop the last four steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest" in the Message Log window. "Congratulations" means, your board's layout is connected correctly.<br />
# In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:<br />
## Switch to the "solder" layer.<br />
## Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.<br />
## Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.<br />
## Type the following and hit Enter:<pre>ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)</pre><br />
## Repeat the above with <code>selectedpins</code> instead of <code>selectedlines</code>.<br />
## Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.<br />
## As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.<br />
# You're done.<br />
<br />
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]<br />
<br />
====Etching via Toner Transfer====<br />
<br />
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:<br />
<br />
[http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487,86267#msg-86267 bryanandaimee writes]:<br />
<br />
: ''I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.''<br />
<br />
Following up on this statement, the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/944b14ede3cc9d782cc00e328e9197e429942847 minimum track width was raised from 20&nbsp;mil to 30&nbsp;mil]. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16&nbsp;mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --[[User:Traumflug|Traumflug]] 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.<br />
# Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.<br />
# Type the following two commands:<br />
<blockquote><pre>changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm)<br />
changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)</pre></blockquote><br />
<br />
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5&nbsp;mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.<br />
<br />
Practical tips for toner transfer see [[DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer]].<br />
<br />
=History=<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7ElectronicsTestboard1.jpg | 300px | thumb | right | The very first working Generation 7 Electronics Board, created by Jacky2k]]<br />
<br />
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a [[#Releases | Release]]).<br />
<br />
The [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?35,56137 Forum thread] (german), where everything started.<br />
<br />
====Work Around Christmas 2010====<br />
<br />
Mostly done by [[User:Jacky2k | Jacky2k]].<br />
<br />
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested.<br />
The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.<br />
<br />
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.<br />
<br />
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.<br />
<br />
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.<br />
<br />
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.<br />
<br />
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...<br />
<br />
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.<br />
<br />
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.<br />
<br />
==Older Releases==<br />
<br />
====10. Feb 2011: v1.0====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?<br />
<br />
====28. Mar 2011: v1.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.<br />
<br />
* Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75&nbsp;mm or 1.0&nbsp;mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.<br />
* Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.<br />
* Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.<br />
* Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ&nbsp;44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.<br />
* Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.<br />
* Fixed the solder mask.<br />
* Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.<br />
* Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.<br />
* Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.<br />
<br />
====12. May 2011: v1.2====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.<br />
<br />
====22. July 2011: 1.3====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/6caa8a681c04307468441c3a9995abbe9271f059 Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters]. These match the required current much better.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/ca9f6d19aeffbf538358526a7508ce3a1500194c Remove the MOSFET for the fan]. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/077ce0058d9b506651d7d65cf539371710b1d66b Remove the I2C header]. Was totally unused.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/7d994eb0f72f23d41326cb84ffede6e9f4801fae Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only]. The extra pin just caused confusion.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/dae1915684d4715c0b8bd83a102fb1fc6742aae2 Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24]. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts [http://pinouts.ru/Power/atxpower_pinout.shtml ATX20] plugs just fine.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/54183e8b45a07bf28b4a2a62536ddd1b00bff8d9 Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters]. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/b371fd7b582dd5873ec48a2781ce9a31b77b1684 MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink]. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.<br />
<br />
====16. August 2011: 1.3.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
This is a bugfix release.<br />
<br />
* Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.<br />
* Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.<br />
* No changes to the hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
====15. May 2012: Gen7Board v1.4====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Most important: Gen7 features now an extension header, so you can stack a feature-rich board on top of the base board. This shall allow for SD card support, additional extruders, displays and perhaps even multi-color extruders.<br />
* Changed motor headers from KK156 to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible. The later are significantly cheaper and a lot more in use these days.<br />
* Reduced the number of endstops to 3, so endstops no longer share pins with the ISP header. Additional endstops can go onto the extension board.<br />
* Connect the thermistor to 5V Standby. This allows to read temperatures without turning the power supply on and requires just 0.1&nbsp;mA additional juice at room temperature, so the additional energy needed for running the thing 24/7 is neglibile.<br />
* Better GND routing for even more accurate temperature readings.<br />
* Reduce resistors between ATmega and MOSFETs to 10&nbsp;Ohms to allow for higher PWM frequencies.<br />
* Tested support for the ATmega1284P.<br />
<br />
====17. August 2012: Gen7Board v1.4.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Distinction between extruder and bed circuitry (heater MOSFET, thermistor connection) to allow differences between them.<br />
* Better MOSFET for the heated bed, bringing in more robustness and making MOSFET heatsinks obsolete.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Generation 7 electronics| ]] [[Category:Electronics development]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=83570Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-25T10:48:35Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|Generation 7 Electronics}}<br />
{{Generation7Electronics}}<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg<br />
|description = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|license = various - see individual boards <br />
|author = Traumflug<br />
|categories = [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]], [[Category:Mendel_Development]]<br />
|cadModel = [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics GitHub]<br />
|url = (none)<br />
}}<onlyinclude>Generation 7 este o componentă electronică RepRap proiectată pentru a putea fi făcuta de tine insuţi. Capacitatea de replicare este ceea ce face ca RepRap să fie unic, astfel că, această capacitate de replicare se aplică acum şi in ceea ce priveşte partea electronică. Toate plăcile PCB Gen7 pot fi produse de un RepRap; o maşină de frezare CNC; gravate prin metoda de transfer de toner sau cumpărate. Un obiectiv pe termen lung este acela de a imprima circuitul electronic direct.<br />
<br />
Proiectarea circuitului este foarte similar cu circuitele folosite pentru soluţii precum [[RAMPS]] sau [[Sanguinololu]]. Electronica Generation 7 poate sa controleze acelaşi tip de hardware si poate rula acelaşi tip de firmware. Generation 7 vine în plus cu câteva detalii elegante care îl fac mai flexibil si mai fiabil.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
* Discută despre această componentă electronică aici: [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487 Generation 7 Electronics forum thread].<br />
* Urmăreşte dezvoltarea acestei componente şi descarcă fişiere de la: [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository].<br />
* Găseşte fişiere pentru fabricarea componentei în folder-ul: [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/master/release%20documents latest release files].<br />
<br />
'''Observaţie''': Generation 7 Electronics este în continuă dezvoltare. Cel care o dezvoltă şi oferă suport este [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]. Poţi face copii ale hardware-ului pentru uz personal. Dacă vrei să cumperi componente Gen7, intră pe [[#How to get it | development supporting distribution channels]]. Mulţumesc.<br />
<br />
=Caracteristici & Specificații=<br />
<br />
==Rezumat== <br />
<br />
* Este rapid! Rulează la 20 MHz -> viteză cu 25% mai mare.<br />
* Este complet! Poate controla un suport de printare încălzit folosind doar componentele de pe placă.<br />
* Este confortabil! Are sursă de alimentare în comutaţie și se oprește automat.<br />
* Este deschis la schimbări! Foarte potrivit pentru dezvoltare și personalizare.<br />
* Este flexibil! [[Gen7_Board_1.4 # Non-12-V-Voltages | Capacitatea de a alimenta motoare și încălzitoare cu tensiune diferită]].<br />
* Este accesibil! PCB-urile sunt ușor de cumpărat, de produs folosind un RepRap sau o metodă de gravare (DIY - do it yourself - fă-l tu însuţi).<br />
<br />
==Detalii==<br />
<br />
* Soluție cu o singură placă.<br />
* Imprimarea circuitului pe o singură față PCB.<br />
* CPU (procesor): ATMEGA644, ATmega644P sau ATmega1284P (Atmel Corp)<br />
* 4x driver-e Pololu pas cu pas, de schimb, de până la 1/16 microstepping.<br />
* Lipituri manuale. Convertor USB-TTL pe placă.<br />
* Hardware integrat pentru controlarea unui extruder și unui suport de printare încălzit.<br />
* Sursa de alimentare preferată: ATX 20-pini sau 24 de pini.<br />
* Poate porni sau opri unitatea de alimentare (PSU - power supply unit) din soft dacă se foloseşte o sursă de alimentare ATX.<br />
* Extensii pe placă pentru extruder-e adiţionale, ventilatoare, carduri SD, sau orice este nevoie.<br />
<br />
=Design Goals=<br />
<br />
* Keep the replicatability, i.e. minimum distance between two tracks is 0.4&nbsp;mm. This mostly rules out SMD chips.<br />
* Get independent from industry devices.<br />
* Put emphasis on flexibility, ease of use and reliability.<br />
* Have only essential features on the base board, put additional stuff on extension boards.<br />
<br />
<br />
{| width="60%" align="center"<br />
| align="left" | ''Perfection (in design) is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but rather when there is nothing more to take away.''<br />
|-<br />
| align="right" | ''Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=How to get it=<br />
<br />
All these shops support Gen7 development:<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap-diy.com RepRap DIY] &nbsp; ([[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]'s outlet )<br />
* [http://paoparts.com Paoparts]<br />
* [http://reprap-france.com eMotion Tech]<br />
<br />
They have PCBs, components and connector kits available.<br />
<br />
See also the wiki pages of the individual boards.<br />
<br />
=Individual Components=<br />
<br />
As Gen7 is a single board solution, it consists of only few components:<br />
<br />
==Board-AVR==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg | 400px | right]]<br />
<br />
Gen7 Board is the central unit. It can drive a RepRap machine on its own, but not much more. Full power to the basics, no expensive extra features.<br />
<br />
====Latest Release: v1.5====<br />
<br />
20. December 2012<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Board-AVR 1.5 | Wiki Page]]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The USB adapter is now on the main board. Pretty much what's on the ExtentionBoard-USB-B already, making this obsolete.<br />
* Noise cancelling coil for AVcc now 10 uH. This makes Gen7 compatible with firmwares supporting LCD displays. Previously, hooking up a display would trigger the brown-out-detector often.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Board-ARM==<br />
<br />
Soon to come. Expected features:<br />
<br />
* ARM LPC1114 Cortex-M0 CPU in a through hole pins package.<br />
* 32-bit, 48 MHz.<br />
* The unfortunate thing: firmware has yet to be ported.<br />
<br />
==Endstop==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Endstop_1.2_Assembled.jpeg | 200px | right]]<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1]] is an optical endstop, made to fit on Mendels & Co.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Extension Boards==<br />
<br />
Extension boards are what makes Gen7 powerful and feature rich. While the base board has only the essentials to get your printer running, you can add on this part later to enjoy all the goodies.<br />
<br />
Here are a few extensions currently in development or already working:<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,159132,160267#msg-160267 LCD display connector]<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB A 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB A]]: USB adapter using an ATtiny45/85<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB B 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB B]]: USB adapter using an MCP2200<br />
<br />
==Miscellaneous==<br />
<br />
Besides the parts needed for the individual components, you need thin wires to get the thermistor and end-stop signals to the Board. For example, you can salvage the cables you find between a PC main board and the PC's hard disks or those from any fans, indicator lights and reset switches.<br />
<br />
Heaters and stepper motors need a bit more current, so the wires should be thicker. It's a good idea to use cables from mains household appliances. These have typically 2x or 3x 0.75&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> (~18 AWG) wire multi conductor cables. Remove the outer insulation carefully, and then re-group them in sets of two or four, as needed; twisting the wires while doing so reduces electromagnetic influence and keeps them tidy. Label the ends if you do not have enough colours, a permanent marker can be used to add a stripe to both ends of a wire, this lets you use one colour twice (and keep pairs matched up).<br />
<br />
For shorter links or intermediate currents, the coloured wires from salvaged PC power supplies are well suited, sometimes they have two thicknesses on one PSU, you can strip the ends and compare which ones are the most suitable, they come in a number of colours, black, red, yellow and orange are the most common.<br />
<br />
=Assembly Instructions=<br />
<br />
As the wiring of the boards is slightly different for each released version, these details have been moved to the [[Gen7_Board_1.4.1#Connecting_Devices | board's page]].<br />
<br />
=Notice Regarding Legal Stuff=<br />
<br />
Generation 7 Electronics isn't a device in the sense of European Community regulation 2004/108/EG (EMC Directive). The reasons include:<br />
<br />
* Gen7 doesn't include a power supply, so a Gen7 can't be used on it's own.<br />
* Same for the stepper drivers. No stepper drivers, no useable Gen7.<br />
* Heaters, thermistors, dito.<br />
* The instructions seen on the Gen7 wiki pages give you hints on how to build your own device, they're not to be seen as installation instructions or a manual of a finished device.<br />
<br />
If you use a Gen7 to assemble something usable, check (at least) the following if you want to conform to said regulation:<br />
<br />
* Is there a metal housing? A Faraday Cage solves most electromagnetic issues.<br />
* Connected cables can also be subject to electromagnetic stuff. Shielding them helps.<br />
* Is there a manual and are there installation instructions conforming to the regulation?<br />
<br />
If you buy and assemble an Generation 7 Electronics kit, you're manufacturer in the sense of the EMC Directive, not an end user. As long as you're developing and testing, most EMC regulations don't apply (for obvious reasons). The directive just wants you to protect devices of third parties from yours, so don't run a Gen7 right next to your neighbour's cardiac pacemaker. There's no time limit for developing and testing.<br />
<br />
That said, this section mostly applies to all currently known RepRap electronics. Also, the said was written after investigation of relevant law texts by an mechanical engineer, not a lawyer.<br />
<br />
Relevant law: [http://www.ce-richtlinien.eu/richtlinien/EMV/Gesetz/EMVG_29_07_2009.pdf EMVG], implementing the EC directive for Germany.<br />
<br />
=Development=<br />
<br />
Current status of development can be found at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository]. The short term goals are listed above in the [[#Releases]] section.<br />
<br />
==Layout, PCB Editing==<br />
<br />
Gen7 uses [http://www.gpleda.org/index.html gEDA], a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/geda:download available] for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb<br />
<br />
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.<br />
<br />
Additionally, you want to [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics download] the design files with Git or [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/archives/master GitHub's download button]. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.<br />
<br />
==Typical Work Loop with gEDA==<br />
<br />
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:<br />
<br />
* Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.<br />
* Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
* Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.<br />
* If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
<br />
You get the idea?<br />
<br />
==Bug Fixing, Sending Changes==<br />
<br />
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send [http://github.com/Traumflug Traumflug] pull requests.<br />
<br />
==PCB Manufacturing==<br />
<br />
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.<br />
<br />
====Milling====<br />
<br />
On how to proceed further with that, see the [[PCB Milling]] page.<br />
<br />
====Etching====<br />
<br />
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.<br />
<br />
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# If you make a v1.4 board, find the Reset switch and see this one track on the "component" layer, connection the two bottom pins, usually in a greenish color. You'll come back to this track later.<br />
# Hide the "component", "vias" and "pins/pads" layer by clicking on each of the colored rectangles in the layer list.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Netlist. It might be neccessary to pull the new window a bit taller to actually see the list.<br />
# Click on the GND entry in the netlist (usually the third from top), then the "Select" button in the same window.<br />
# Search for GND tracks touching square SMD pads. Use the Lock tool (tool buttons to the left) to lock them down.<br />
# Choose Menu -> Edit -> Cut selection to buffer and click somewhere into the layout.<br />
# Hit Esc on your keyboard.<br />
# Unhide the three layers you hided before.<br />
# By now, all tracks on the GND-sldr layer, usually the light blue ones, should have been removed. Vias and pins meant to connect GND, however, should be still there. Also GND tracks touching square pads should remain visible.<br />
# Check the Reset switch, this one greenish track should be still there.<br />
# Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.<br />
# Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Message Log<br />
# Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key), watch the layout window for the yellowish rat lines and/or circles and watch the Message Log window for errors.<br />
# Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.<br />
# For pins and pads you actually ''want'' to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left). The rat lines/circles will guide you which pins to connect to the GND plane. Thermals don't work for SMD pads, that's why we kept the regular tracks to them, before.<br />
# It might be neccessary to add additional, smaller GND rects to reach areas not covered by the big rect.<br />
# Loop the last four steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest" in the Message Log window. "Congratulations" means, your board's layout is connected correctly.<br />
# In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:<br />
## Switch to the "solder" layer.<br />
## Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.<br />
## Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.<br />
## Type the following and hit Enter:<pre>ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)</pre><br />
## Repeat the above with <code>selectedpins</code> instead of <code>selectedlines</code>.<br />
## Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.<br />
## As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.<br />
# You're done.<br />
<br />
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]<br />
<br />
====Etching via Toner Transfer====<br />
<br />
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:<br />
<br />
[http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487,86267#msg-86267 bryanandaimee writes]:<br />
<br />
: ''I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.''<br />
<br />
Following up on this statement, the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/944b14ede3cc9d782cc00e328e9197e429942847 minimum track width was raised from 20&nbsp;mil to 30&nbsp;mil]. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16&nbsp;mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --[[User:Traumflug|Traumflug]] 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.<br />
# Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.<br />
# Type the following two commands:<br />
<blockquote><pre>changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm)<br />
changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)</pre></blockquote><br />
<br />
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5&nbsp;mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.<br />
<br />
Practical tips for toner transfer see [[DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer]].<br />
<br />
=History=<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7ElectronicsTestboard1.jpg | 300px | thumb | right | The very first working Generation 7 Electronics Board, created by Jacky2k]]<br />
<br />
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a [[#Releases | Release]]).<br />
<br />
The [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?35,56137 Forum thread] (german), where everything started.<br />
<br />
====Work Around Christmas 2010====<br />
<br />
Mostly done by [[User:Jacky2k | Jacky2k]].<br />
<br />
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested.<br />
The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.<br />
<br />
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.<br />
<br />
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.<br />
<br />
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.<br />
<br />
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.<br />
<br />
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...<br />
<br />
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.<br />
<br />
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.<br />
<br />
==Older Releases==<br />
<br />
====10. Feb 2011: v1.0====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?<br />
<br />
====28. Mar 2011: v1.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.<br />
<br />
* Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75&nbsp;mm or 1.0&nbsp;mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.<br />
* Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.<br />
* Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.<br />
* Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ&nbsp;44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.<br />
* Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.<br />
* Fixed the solder mask.<br />
* Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.<br />
* Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.<br />
* Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.<br />
<br />
====12. May 2011: v1.2====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.<br />
<br />
====22. July 2011: 1.3====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/6caa8a681c04307468441c3a9995abbe9271f059 Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters]. These match the required current much better.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/ca9f6d19aeffbf538358526a7508ce3a1500194c Remove the MOSFET for the fan]. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/077ce0058d9b506651d7d65cf539371710b1d66b Remove the I2C header]. Was totally unused.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/7d994eb0f72f23d41326cb84ffede6e9f4801fae Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only]. The extra pin just caused confusion.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/dae1915684d4715c0b8bd83a102fb1fc6742aae2 Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24]. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts [http://pinouts.ru/Power/atxpower_pinout.shtml ATX20] plugs just fine.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/54183e8b45a07bf28b4a2a62536ddd1b00bff8d9 Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters]. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/b371fd7b582dd5873ec48a2781ce9a31b77b1684 MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink]. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.<br />
<br />
====16. August 2011: 1.3.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
This is a bugfix release.<br />
<br />
* Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.<br />
* Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.<br />
* No changes to the hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
====15. May 2012: Gen7Board v1.4====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Most important: Gen7 features now an extension header, so you can stack a feature-rich board on top of the base board. This shall allow for SD card support, additional extruders, displays and perhaps even multi-color extruders.<br />
* Changed motor headers from KK156 to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible. The later are significantly cheaper and a lot more in use these days.<br />
* Reduced the number of endstops to 3, so endstops no longer share pins with the ISP header. Additional endstops can go onto the extension board.<br />
* Connect the thermistor to 5V Standby. This allows to read temperatures without turning the power supply on and requires just 0.1&nbsp;mA additional juice at room temperature, so the additional energy needed for running the thing 24/7 is neglibile.<br />
* Better GND routing for even more accurate temperature readings.<br />
* Reduce resistors between ATmega and MOSFETs to 10&nbsp;Ohms to allow for higher PWM frequencies.<br />
* Tested support for the ATmega1284P.<br />
<br />
====17. August 2012: Gen7Board v1.4.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Distinction between extruder and bed circuitry (heater MOSFET, thermistor connection) to allow differences between them.<br />
* Better MOSFET for the heated bed, bringing in more robustness and making MOSFET heatsinks obsolete.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Generation 7 electronics| ]] [[Category:Electronics development]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=83569Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-25T10:38:27Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|Generation 7 Electronics}}<br />
{{Generation7Electronics}}<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg<br />
|description = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|license = various - see individual boards <br />
|author = Traumflug<br />
|categories = [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]], [[Category:Mendel_Development]]<br />
|cadModel = [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics GitHub]<br />
|url = (none)<br />
}}<onlyinclude>Generation 7 este o componentă electronică RepRap proiectată pentru a putea fi făcuta de tine insuţi. Capacitatea de replicare este ceea ce face ca RepRap să fie unic, astfel că, această capacitate de replicare se aplică acum şi in ceea ce priveşte partea electronică. Toate plăcile PCB Gen7 pot fi produse de un RepRap; o maşină de frezare CNC; gravate prin metoda de transfer de toner sau cumpărate. Un obiectiv pe termen lung este acela de a imprima circuitul electronic direct.<br />
<br />
Proiectarea circuitului este foarte similar cu circuitele folosite pentru soluţii precum [[RAMPS]] sau [[Sanguinololu]]. Electronica Generation 7 poate sa controleze acelaşi tip de hardware si poate rula acelaşi tip de firmware. Generation 7 vine în plus cu câteva detalii elegante care îl fac mai flexibil si mai fiabil.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
* Discută despre această componentă electronică aici: [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487 Generation 7 Electronics forum thread].<br />
* Urmăreşte dezvoltarea acestei componente şi descarcă fişiere de la: [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository].<br />
* Găseşte fişiere pentru fabricarea componentei în folder-ul: [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/master/release%20documents latest release files].<br />
<br />
'''Observaţie''': Generation 7 Electronics este în continuă dezvoltare. Cel care o dezvoltă şi oferă suport este [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]. Poţi face copii ale hardware-ului pentru uz personal. Dacă vrei să cumperi componente Gen7, intră pe [[#How to get it | development supporting distribution channels]]. Mulţumesc.<br />
<br />
=Caracteristici & Specificații=<br />
<br />
==Rezumat== <br />
<br />
* Este rapid! Rulează la 20 MHz -> viteză cu 25% mai mare.<br />
* Este complet! Poate controla un suport de printare încălzit folosind doar componentele de pe placă.<br />
* Este confortabil! Are sursă de alimentare în comutaţie și se oprește automat.<br />
* Este deschis la schimbări! Foarte potrivit pentru dezvoltare și personalizare.<br />
* Este flexibil! [[Gen7_Board_1.4 # Non-12-V-Voltages | Capacitatea de a alimenta motoare și încălzitoare cu tensiune diferită]].<br />
* Este accesibil! PCB-uri sunt ușor de cumpărat, de produs folosind un RepRap sau o metodă de gravare (DIY - do it yourself - fă-l tu însuţi).<br />
<br />
<br />
==Details==<br />
<br />
* Single board solution.<br />
* Single sided PCB.<br />
* CPU: ATmega644, ATmega644P or ATmega1284P (Atmel Corp.)<br />
* 4x Pololu stepper drivers, exchangeable, up to 1/16 microstepping.<br />
* Hand solderable, on-board USB-TTL converter.<br />
* Integrated hardware for driving one extruder and a heated bed.<br />
* Prefered power supply: ATX 20-pin or 24-pin.<br />
* Can turn PSU on and off in software, when supplied by an ATX power supply.<br />
* Extension Board header + Extension Boards for additional extruders, fans, SD cards, and whatever is desireable.<br />
<br />
=Design Goals=<br />
<br />
* Keep the replicatability, i.e. minimum distance between two tracks is 0.4&nbsp;mm. This mostly rules out SMD chips.<br />
* Get independent from industry devices.<br />
* Put emphasis on flexibility, ease of use and reliability.<br />
* Have only essential features on the base board, put additional stuff on extension boards.<br />
<br />
<br />
{| width="60%" align="center"<br />
| align="left" | ''Perfection (in design) is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but rather when there is nothing more to take away.''<br />
|-<br />
| align="right" | ''Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=How to get it=<br />
<br />
All these shops support Gen7 development:<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap-diy.com RepRap DIY] &nbsp; ([[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]'s outlet )<br />
* [http://paoparts.com Paoparts]<br />
* [http://reprap-france.com eMotion Tech]<br />
<br />
They have PCBs, components and connector kits available.<br />
<br />
See also the wiki pages of the individual boards.<br />
<br />
=Individual Components=<br />
<br />
As Gen7 is a single board solution, it consists of only few components:<br />
<br />
==Board-AVR==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg | 400px | right]]<br />
<br />
Gen7 Board is the central unit. It can drive a RepRap machine on its own, but not much more. Full power to the basics, no expensive extra features.<br />
<br />
====Latest Release: v1.5====<br />
<br />
20. December 2012<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Board-AVR 1.5 | Wiki Page]]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The USB adapter is now on the main board. Pretty much what's on the ExtentionBoard-USB-B already, making this obsolete.<br />
* Noise cancelling coil for AVcc now 10 uH. This makes Gen7 compatible with firmwares supporting LCD displays. Previously, hooking up a display would trigger the brown-out-detector often.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Board-ARM==<br />
<br />
Soon to come. Expected features:<br />
<br />
* ARM LPC1114 Cortex-M0 CPU in a through hole pins package.<br />
* 32-bit, 48 MHz.<br />
* The unfortunate thing: firmware has yet to be ported.<br />
<br />
==Endstop==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Endstop_1.2_Assembled.jpeg | 200px | right]]<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1]] is an optical endstop, made to fit on Mendels & Co.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Extension Boards==<br />
<br />
Extension boards are what makes Gen7 powerful and feature rich. While the base board has only the essentials to get your printer running, you can add on this part later to enjoy all the goodies.<br />
<br />
Here are a few extensions currently in development or already working:<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,159132,160267#msg-160267 LCD display connector]<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB A 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB A]]: USB adapter using an ATtiny45/85<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB B 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB B]]: USB adapter using an MCP2200<br />
<br />
==Miscellaneous==<br />
<br />
Besides the parts needed for the individual components, you need thin wires to get the thermistor and end-stop signals to the Board. For example, you can salvage the cables you find between a PC main board and the PC's hard disks or those from any fans, indicator lights and reset switches.<br />
<br />
Heaters and stepper motors need a bit more current, so the wires should be thicker. It's a good idea to use cables from mains household appliances. These have typically 2x or 3x 0.75&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> (~18 AWG) wire multi conductor cables. Remove the outer insulation carefully, and then re-group them in sets of two or four, as needed; twisting the wires while doing so reduces electromagnetic influence and keeps them tidy. Label the ends if you do not have enough colours, a permanent marker can be used to add a stripe to both ends of a wire, this lets you use one colour twice (and keep pairs matched up).<br />
<br />
For shorter links or intermediate currents, the coloured wires from salvaged PC power supplies are well suited, sometimes they have two thicknesses on one PSU, you can strip the ends and compare which ones are the most suitable, they come in a number of colours, black, red, yellow and orange are the most common.<br />
<br />
=Assembly Instructions=<br />
<br />
As the wiring of the boards is slightly different for each released version, these details have been moved to the [[Gen7_Board_1.4.1#Connecting_Devices | board's page]].<br />
<br />
=Notice Regarding Legal Stuff=<br />
<br />
Generation 7 Electronics isn't a device in the sense of European Community regulation 2004/108/EG (EMC Directive). The reasons include:<br />
<br />
* Gen7 doesn't include a power supply, so a Gen7 can't be used on it's own.<br />
* Same for the stepper drivers. No stepper drivers, no useable Gen7.<br />
* Heaters, thermistors, dito.<br />
* The instructions seen on the Gen7 wiki pages give you hints on how to build your own device, they're not to be seen as installation instructions or a manual of a finished device.<br />
<br />
If you use a Gen7 to assemble something usable, check (at least) the following if you want to conform to said regulation:<br />
<br />
* Is there a metal housing? A Faraday Cage solves most electromagnetic issues.<br />
* Connected cables can also be subject to electromagnetic stuff. Shielding them helps.<br />
* Is there a manual and are there installation instructions conforming to the regulation?<br />
<br />
If you buy and assemble an Generation 7 Electronics kit, you're manufacturer in the sense of the EMC Directive, not an end user. As long as you're developing and testing, most EMC regulations don't apply (for obvious reasons). The directive just wants you to protect devices of third parties from yours, so don't run a Gen7 right next to your neighbour's cardiac pacemaker. There's no time limit for developing and testing.<br />
<br />
That said, this section mostly applies to all currently known RepRap electronics. Also, the said was written after investigation of relevant law texts by an mechanical engineer, not a lawyer.<br />
<br />
Relevant law: [http://www.ce-richtlinien.eu/richtlinien/EMV/Gesetz/EMVG_29_07_2009.pdf EMVG], implementing the EC directive for Germany.<br />
<br />
=Development=<br />
<br />
Current status of development can be found at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository]. The short term goals are listed above in the [[#Releases]] section.<br />
<br />
==Layout, PCB Editing==<br />
<br />
Gen7 uses [http://www.gpleda.org/index.html gEDA], a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/geda:download available] for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb<br />
<br />
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.<br />
<br />
Additionally, you want to [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics download] the design files with Git or [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/archives/master GitHub's download button]. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.<br />
<br />
==Typical Work Loop with gEDA==<br />
<br />
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:<br />
<br />
* Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.<br />
* Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
* Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.<br />
* If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
<br />
You get the idea?<br />
<br />
==Bug Fixing, Sending Changes==<br />
<br />
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send [http://github.com/Traumflug Traumflug] pull requests.<br />
<br />
==PCB Manufacturing==<br />
<br />
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.<br />
<br />
====Milling====<br />
<br />
On how to proceed further with that, see the [[PCB Milling]] page.<br />
<br />
====Etching====<br />
<br />
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.<br />
<br />
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# If you make a v1.4 board, find the Reset switch and see this one track on the "component" layer, connection the two bottom pins, usually in a greenish color. You'll come back to this track later.<br />
# Hide the "component", "vias" and "pins/pads" layer by clicking on each of the colored rectangles in the layer list.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Netlist. It might be neccessary to pull the new window a bit taller to actually see the list.<br />
# Click on the GND entry in the netlist (usually the third from top), then the "Select" button in the same window.<br />
# Search for GND tracks touching square SMD pads. Use the Lock tool (tool buttons to the left) to lock them down.<br />
# Choose Menu -> Edit -> Cut selection to buffer and click somewhere into the layout.<br />
# Hit Esc on your keyboard.<br />
# Unhide the three layers you hided before.<br />
# By now, all tracks on the GND-sldr layer, usually the light blue ones, should have been removed. Vias and pins meant to connect GND, however, should be still there. Also GND tracks touching square pads should remain visible.<br />
# Check the Reset switch, this one greenish track should be still there.<br />
# Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.<br />
# Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Message Log<br />
# Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key), watch the layout window for the yellowish rat lines and/or circles and watch the Message Log window for errors.<br />
# Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.<br />
# For pins and pads you actually ''want'' to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left). The rat lines/circles will guide you which pins to connect to the GND plane. Thermals don't work for SMD pads, that's why we kept the regular tracks to them, before.<br />
# It might be neccessary to add additional, smaller GND rects to reach areas not covered by the big rect.<br />
# Loop the last four steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest" in the Message Log window. "Congratulations" means, your board's layout is connected correctly.<br />
# In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:<br />
## Switch to the "solder" layer.<br />
## Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.<br />
## Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.<br />
## Type the following and hit Enter:<pre>ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)</pre><br />
## Repeat the above with <code>selectedpins</code> instead of <code>selectedlines</code>.<br />
## Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.<br />
## As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.<br />
# You're done.<br />
<br />
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]<br />
<br />
====Etching via Toner Transfer====<br />
<br />
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:<br />
<br />
[http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487,86267#msg-86267 bryanandaimee writes]:<br />
<br />
: ''I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.''<br />
<br />
Following up on this statement, the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/944b14ede3cc9d782cc00e328e9197e429942847 minimum track width was raised from 20&nbsp;mil to 30&nbsp;mil]. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16&nbsp;mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --[[User:Traumflug|Traumflug]] 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.<br />
# Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.<br />
# Type the following two commands:<br />
<blockquote><pre>changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm)<br />
changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)</pre></blockquote><br />
<br />
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5&nbsp;mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.<br />
<br />
Practical tips for toner transfer see [[DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer]].<br />
<br />
=History=<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7ElectronicsTestboard1.jpg | 300px | thumb | right | The very first working Generation 7 Electronics Board, created by Jacky2k]]<br />
<br />
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a [[#Releases | Release]]).<br />
<br />
The [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?35,56137 Forum thread] (german), where everything started.<br />
<br />
====Work Around Christmas 2010====<br />
<br />
Mostly done by [[User:Jacky2k | Jacky2k]].<br />
<br />
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested.<br />
The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.<br />
<br />
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.<br />
<br />
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.<br />
<br />
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.<br />
<br />
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.<br />
<br />
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...<br />
<br />
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.<br />
<br />
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.<br />
<br />
==Older Releases==<br />
<br />
====10. Feb 2011: v1.0====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?<br />
<br />
====28. Mar 2011: v1.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.<br />
<br />
* Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75&nbsp;mm or 1.0&nbsp;mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.<br />
* Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.<br />
* Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.<br />
* Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ&nbsp;44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.<br />
* Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.<br />
* Fixed the solder mask.<br />
* Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.<br />
* Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.<br />
* Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.<br />
<br />
====12. May 2011: v1.2====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.<br />
<br />
====22. July 2011: 1.3====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/6caa8a681c04307468441c3a9995abbe9271f059 Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters]. These match the required current much better.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/ca9f6d19aeffbf538358526a7508ce3a1500194c Remove the MOSFET for the fan]. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/077ce0058d9b506651d7d65cf539371710b1d66b Remove the I2C header]. Was totally unused.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/7d994eb0f72f23d41326cb84ffede6e9f4801fae Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only]. The extra pin just caused confusion.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/dae1915684d4715c0b8bd83a102fb1fc6742aae2 Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24]. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts [http://pinouts.ru/Power/atxpower_pinout.shtml ATX20] plugs just fine.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/54183e8b45a07bf28b4a2a62536ddd1b00bff8d9 Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters]. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/b371fd7b582dd5873ec48a2781ce9a31b77b1684 MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink]. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.<br />
<br />
====16. August 2011: 1.3.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
This is a bugfix release.<br />
<br />
* Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.<br />
* Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.<br />
* No changes to the hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
====15. May 2012: Gen7Board v1.4====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Most important: Gen7 features now an extension header, so you can stack a feature-rich board on top of the base board. This shall allow for SD card support, additional extruders, displays and perhaps even multi-color extruders.<br />
* Changed motor headers from KK156 to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible. The later are significantly cheaper and a lot more in use these days.<br />
* Reduced the number of endstops to 3, so endstops no longer share pins with the ISP header. Additional endstops can go onto the extension board.<br />
* Connect the thermistor to 5V Standby. This allows to read temperatures without turning the power supply on and requires just 0.1&nbsp;mA additional juice at room temperature, so the additional energy needed for running the thing 24/7 is neglibile.<br />
* Better GND routing for even more accurate temperature readings.<br />
* Reduce resistors between ATmega and MOSFETs to 10&nbsp;Ohms to allow for higher PWM frequencies.<br />
* Tested support for the ATmega1284P.<br />
<br />
====17. August 2012: Gen7Board v1.4.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Distinction between extruder and bed circuitry (heater MOSFET, thermistor connection) to allow differences between them.<br />
* Better MOSFET for the heated bed, bringing in more robustness and making MOSFET heatsinks obsolete.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Generation 7 electronics| ]] [[Category:Electronics development]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=83568Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-25T10:37:34Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|Generation 7 Electronics}}<br />
{{Generation7Electronics}}<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg<br />
|description = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|license = various - see individual boards <br />
|author = Traumflug<br />
|categories = [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]], [[Category:Mendel_Development]]<br />
|cadModel = [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics GitHub]<br />
|url = (none)<br />
}}<onlyinclude>Generation 7 este o componentă electronică RepRap proiectată pentru a putea fi făcuta de tine insuţi. Capacitatea de replicare este ceea ce face ca RepRap să fie unic, astfel că, această capacitate de replicare se aplică acum şi in ceea ce priveşte partea electronică. Toate plăcile PCB Gen7 pot fi produse de un RepRap; o maşină de frezare CNC; gravate prin metoda de transfer de toner sau cumpărate. Un obiectiv pe termen lung este acela de a imprima circuitul electronic direct.<br />
<br />
Proiectarea circuitului este foarte similar cu circuitele folosite pentru soluţii precum [[RAMPS]] sau [[Sanguinololu]]. Electronica Generation 7 poate sa controleze acelaşi tip de hardware si poate rula acelaşi tip de firmware. Generation 7 vine în plus cu câteva detalii elegante care îl fac mai flexibil si mai fiabil.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
* Discută despre această componentă electronică aici: [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487 Generation 7 Electronics forum thread].<br />
* Urmăreşte dezvoltarea acestei componente şi descarcă fişiere de la: [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository].<br />
* Găseşte fişiere pentru fabricarea componentei în folder-ul: [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/master/release%20documents latest release files].<br />
<br />
'''Observaţie''': Generation 7 Electronics este în continuă dezvoltare. Cel care o dezvoltă şi oferă suport este [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]. Poţi face copii ale hardware-ului pentru uz personal. Dacă vrei să cumperi componente Gen7, intră pe [[#How to get it | development supporting distribution channels]]. Mulţumesc.<br />
<br />
'Caracteristici & Specificații=<br />
<br />
==Rezumat== <br />
<br />
* Este rapid! Rulează la 20 MHz -> viteză cu 25% mai mare.<br />
* Este complet! Poate controla un suport de printare încălzit folosind doar componentele de pe placă.<br />
* Este confortabil! Are sursă de alimentare în comutaţie și se oprește automat.<br />
* Este deschis la schimbări! Foarte potrivit pentru dezvoltare și personalizare.<br />
* Este flexibil! [[Gen7_Board_1.4 # Non-12-V-Voltages | Capacitatea de a alimenta motoare și încălzitoare cu tensiune diferită]].<br />
* Este accesibil! PCB-uri sunt ușor de cumpărat, de produs folosind un RepRap sau o metodă de gravare (DIY - do it yourself - fă-l tu însuţi).<br />
<br />
<br />
==Details==<br />
<br />
* Single board solution.<br />
* Single sided PCB.<br />
* CPU: ATmega644, ATmega644P or ATmega1284P (Atmel Corp.)<br />
* 4x Pololu stepper drivers, exchangeable, up to 1/16 microstepping.<br />
* Hand solderable, on-board USB-TTL converter.<br />
* Integrated hardware for driving one extruder and a heated bed.<br />
* Prefered power supply: ATX 20-pin or 24-pin.<br />
* Can turn PSU on and off in software, when supplied by an ATX power supply.<br />
* Extension Board header + Extension Boards for additional extruders, fans, SD cards, and whatever is desireable.<br />
<br />
=Design Goals=<br />
<br />
* Keep the replicatability, i.e. minimum distance between two tracks is 0.4&nbsp;mm. This mostly rules out SMD chips.<br />
* Get independent from industry devices.<br />
* Put emphasis on flexibility, ease of use and reliability.<br />
* Have only essential features on the base board, put additional stuff on extension boards.<br />
<br />
<br />
{| width="60%" align="center"<br />
| align="left" | ''Perfection (in design) is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but rather when there is nothing more to take away.''<br />
|-<br />
| align="right" | ''Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=How to get it=<br />
<br />
All these shops support Gen7 development:<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap-diy.com RepRap DIY] &nbsp; ([[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]'s outlet )<br />
* [http://paoparts.com Paoparts]<br />
* [http://reprap-france.com eMotion Tech]<br />
<br />
They have PCBs, components and connector kits available.<br />
<br />
See also the wiki pages of the individual boards.<br />
<br />
=Individual Components=<br />
<br />
As Gen7 is a single board solution, it consists of only few components:<br />
<br />
==Board-AVR==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg | 400px | right]]<br />
<br />
Gen7 Board is the central unit. It can drive a RepRap machine on its own, but not much more. Full power to the basics, no expensive extra features.<br />
<br />
====Latest Release: v1.5====<br />
<br />
20. December 2012<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Board-AVR 1.5 | Wiki Page]]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The USB adapter is now on the main board. Pretty much what's on the ExtentionBoard-USB-B already, making this obsolete.<br />
* Noise cancelling coil for AVcc now 10 uH. This makes Gen7 compatible with firmwares supporting LCD displays. Previously, hooking up a display would trigger the brown-out-detector often.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Board-ARM==<br />
<br />
Soon to come. Expected features:<br />
<br />
* ARM LPC1114 Cortex-M0 CPU in a through hole pins package.<br />
* 32-bit, 48 MHz.<br />
* The unfortunate thing: firmware has yet to be ported.<br />
<br />
==Endstop==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Endstop_1.2_Assembled.jpeg | 200px | right]]<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1]] is an optical endstop, made to fit on Mendels & Co.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Extension Boards==<br />
<br />
Extension boards are what makes Gen7 powerful and feature rich. While the base board has only the essentials to get your printer running, you can add on this part later to enjoy all the goodies.<br />
<br />
Here are a few extensions currently in development or already working:<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,159132,160267#msg-160267 LCD display connector]<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB A 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB A]]: USB adapter using an ATtiny45/85<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB B 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB B]]: USB adapter using an MCP2200<br />
<br />
==Miscellaneous==<br />
<br />
Besides the parts needed for the individual components, you need thin wires to get the thermistor and end-stop signals to the Board. For example, you can salvage the cables you find between a PC main board and the PC's hard disks or those from any fans, indicator lights and reset switches.<br />
<br />
Heaters and stepper motors need a bit more current, so the wires should be thicker. It's a good idea to use cables from mains household appliances. These have typically 2x or 3x 0.75&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> (~18 AWG) wire multi conductor cables. Remove the outer insulation carefully, and then re-group them in sets of two or four, as needed; twisting the wires while doing so reduces electromagnetic influence and keeps them tidy. Label the ends if you do not have enough colours, a permanent marker can be used to add a stripe to both ends of a wire, this lets you use one colour twice (and keep pairs matched up).<br />
<br />
For shorter links or intermediate currents, the coloured wires from salvaged PC power supplies are well suited, sometimes they have two thicknesses on one PSU, you can strip the ends and compare which ones are the most suitable, they come in a number of colours, black, red, yellow and orange are the most common.<br />
<br />
=Assembly Instructions=<br />
<br />
As the wiring of the boards is slightly different for each released version, these details have been moved to the [[Gen7_Board_1.4.1#Connecting_Devices | board's page]].<br />
<br />
=Notice Regarding Legal Stuff=<br />
<br />
Generation 7 Electronics isn't a device in the sense of European Community regulation 2004/108/EG (EMC Directive). The reasons include:<br />
<br />
* Gen7 doesn't include a power supply, so a Gen7 can't be used on it's own.<br />
* Same for the stepper drivers. No stepper drivers, no useable Gen7.<br />
* Heaters, thermistors, dito.<br />
* The instructions seen on the Gen7 wiki pages give you hints on how to build your own device, they're not to be seen as installation instructions or a manual of a finished device.<br />
<br />
If you use a Gen7 to assemble something usable, check (at least) the following if you want to conform to said regulation:<br />
<br />
* Is there a metal housing? A Faraday Cage solves most electromagnetic issues.<br />
* Connected cables can also be subject to electromagnetic stuff. Shielding them helps.<br />
* Is there a manual and are there installation instructions conforming to the regulation?<br />
<br />
If you buy and assemble an Generation 7 Electronics kit, you're manufacturer in the sense of the EMC Directive, not an end user. As long as you're developing and testing, most EMC regulations don't apply (for obvious reasons). The directive just wants you to protect devices of third parties from yours, so don't run a Gen7 right next to your neighbour's cardiac pacemaker. There's no time limit for developing and testing.<br />
<br />
That said, this section mostly applies to all currently known RepRap electronics. Also, the said was written after investigation of relevant law texts by an mechanical engineer, not a lawyer.<br />
<br />
Relevant law: [http://www.ce-richtlinien.eu/richtlinien/EMV/Gesetz/EMVG_29_07_2009.pdf EMVG], implementing the EC directive for Germany.<br />
<br />
=Development=<br />
<br />
Current status of development can be found at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository]. The short term goals are listed above in the [[#Releases]] section.<br />
<br />
==Layout, PCB Editing==<br />
<br />
Gen7 uses [http://www.gpleda.org/index.html gEDA], a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/geda:download available] for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb<br />
<br />
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.<br />
<br />
Additionally, you want to [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics download] the design files with Git or [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/archives/master GitHub's download button]. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.<br />
<br />
==Typical Work Loop with gEDA==<br />
<br />
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:<br />
<br />
* Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.<br />
* Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
* Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.<br />
* If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
<br />
You get the idea?<br />
<br />
==Bug Fixing, Sending Changes==<br />
<br />
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send [http://github.com/Traumflug Traumflug] pull requests.<br />
<br />
==PCB Manufacturing==<br />
<br />
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.<br />
<br />
====Milling====<br />
<br />
On how to proceed further with that, see the [[PCB Milling]] page.<br />
<br />
====Etching====<br />
<br />
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.<br />
<br />
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# If you make a v1.4 board, find the Reset switch and see this one track on the "component" layer, connection the two bottom pins, usually in a greenish color. You'll come back to this track later.<br />
# Hide the "component", "vias" and "pins/pads" layer by clicking on each of the colored rectangles in the layer list.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Netlist. It might be neccessary to pull the new window a bit taller to actually see the list.<br />
# Click on the GND entry in the netlist (usually the third from top), then the "Select" button in the same window.<br />
# Search for GND tracks touching square SMD pads. Use the Lock tool (tool buttons to the left) to lock them down.<br />
# Choose Menu -> Edit -> Cut selection to buffer and click somewhere into the layout.<br />
# Hit Esc on your keyboard.<br />
# Unhide the three layers you hided before.<br />
# By now, all tracks on the GND-sldr layer, usually the light blue ones, should have been removed. Vias and pins meant to connect GND, however, should be still there. Also GND tracks touching square pads should remain visible.<br />
# Check the Reset switch, this one greenish track should be still there.<br />
# Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.<br />
# Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Message Log<br />
# Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key), watch the layout window for the yellowish rat lines and/or circles and watch the Message Log window for errors.<br />
# Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.<br />
# For pins and pads you actually ''want'' to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left). The rat lines/circles will guide you which pins to connect to the GND plane. Thermals don't work for SMD pads, that's why we kept the regular tracks to them, before.<br />
# It might be neccessary to add additional, smaller GND rects to reach areas not covered by the big rect.<br />
# Loop the last four steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest" in the Message Log window. "Congratulations" means, your board's layout is connected correctly.<br />
# In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:<br />
## Switch to the "solder" layer.<br />
## Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.<br />
## Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.<br />
## Type the following and hit Enter:<pre>ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)</pre><br />
## Repeat the above with <code>selectedpins</code> instead of <code>selectedlines</code>.<br />
## Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.<br />
## As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.<br />
# You're done.<br />
<br />
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]<br />
<br />
====Etching via Toner Transfer====<br />
<br />
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:<br />
<br />
[http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487,86267#msg-86267 bryanandaimee writes]:<br />
<br />
: ''I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.''<br />
<br />
Following up on this statement, the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/944b14ede3cc9d782cc00e328e9197e429942847 minimum track width was raised from 20&nbsp;mil to 30&nbsp;mil]. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16&nbsp;mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --[[User:Traumflug|Traumflug]] 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.<br />
# Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.<br />
# Type the following two commands:<br />
<blockquote><pre>changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm)<br />
changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)</pre></blockquote><br />
<br />
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5&nbsp;mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.<br />
<br />
Practical tips for toner transfer see [[DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer]].<br />
<br />
=History=<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7ElectronicsTestboard1.jpg | 300px | thumb | right | The very first working Generation 7 Electronics Board, created by Jacky2k]]<br />
<br />
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a [[#Releases | Release]]).<br />
<br />
The [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?35,56137 Forum thread] (german), where everything started.<br />
<br />
====Work Around Christmas 2010====<br />
<br />
Mostly done by [[User:Jacky2k | Jacky2k]].<br />
<br />
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested.<br />
The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.<br />
<br />
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.<br />
<br />
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.<br />
<br />
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.<br />
<br />
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.<br />
<br />
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...<br />
<br />
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.<br />
<br />
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.<br />
<br />
==Older Releases==<br />
<br />
====10. Feb 2011: v1.0====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?<br />
<br />
====28. Mar 2011: v1.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.<br />
<br />
* Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75&nbsp;mm or 1.0&nbsp;mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.<br />
* Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.<br />
* Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.<br />
* Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ&nbsp;44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.<br />
* Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.<br />
* Fixed the solder mask.<br />
* Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.<br />
* Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.<br />
* Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.<br />
<br />
====12. May 2011: v1.2====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.<br />
<br />
====22. July 2011: 1.3====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/6caa8a681c04307468441c3a9995abbe9271f059 Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters]. These match the required current much better.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/ca9f6d19aeffbf538358526a7508ce3a1500194c Remove the MOSFET for the fan]. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/077ce0058d9b506651d7d65cf539371710b1d66b Remove the I2C header]. Was totally unused.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/7d994eb0f72f23d41326cb84ffede6e9f4801fae Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only]. The extra pin just caused confusion.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/dae1915684d4715c0b8bd83a102fb1fc6742aae2 Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24]. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts [http://pinouts.ru/Power/atxpower_pinout.shtml ATX20] plugs just fine.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/54183e8b45a07bf28b4a2a62536ddd1b00bff8d9 Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters]. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/b371fd7b582dd5873ec48a2781ce9a31b77b1684 MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink]. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.<br />
<br />
====16. August 2011: 1.3.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
This is a bugfix release.<br />
<br />
* Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.<br />
* Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.<br />
* No changes to the hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
====15. May 2012: Gen7Board v1.4====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Most important: Gen7 features now an extension header, so you can stack a feature-rich board on top of the base board. This shall allow for SD card support, additional extruders, displays and perhaps even multi-color extruders.<br />
* Changed motor headers from KK156 to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible. The later are significantly cheaper and a lot more in use these days.<br />
* Reduced the number of endstops to 3, so endstops no longer share pins with the ISP header. Additional endstops can go onto the extension board.<br />
* Connect the thermistor to 5V Standby. This allows to read temperatures without turning the power supply on and requires just 0.1&nbsp;mA additional juice at room temperature, so the additional energy needed for running the thing 24/7 is neglibile.<br />
* Better GND routing for even more accurate temperature readings.<br />
* Reduce resistors between ATmega and MOSFETs to 10&nbsp;Ohms to allow for higher PWM frequencies.<br />
* Tested support for the ATmega1284P.<br />
<br />
====17. August 2012: Gen7Board v1.4.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Distinction between extruder and bed circuitry (heater MOSFET, thermistor connection) to allow differences between them.<br />
* Better MOSFET for the heated bed, bringing in more robustness and making MOSFET heatsinks obsolete.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Generation 7 electronics| ]] [[Category:Electronics development]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=83567Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-25T10:22:58Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|Generation 7 Electronics}}<br />
{{Generation7Electronics}}<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg<br />
|description = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|license = various - see individual boards <br />
|author = Traumflug<br />
|categories = [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]], [[Category:Mendel_Development]]<br />
|cadModel = [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics GitHub]<br />
|url = (none)<br />
}}<onlyinclude>Generation 7 este o componentă electronică RepRap proiectată pentru a putea fi făcuta de tine insuţi. Capacitatea de replicare este ceea ce face ca RepRap să fie unic, astfel că, această capacitate de replicare se aplică acum şi in ceea ce priveşte partea electronică. Toate plăcile PCB Gen7 pot fi produse de un RepRap; o maşină de frezare CNC; gravate prin metoda de transfer de toner sau cumpărate. Un obiectiv pe termen lung este acela de a imprima circuitul electronic direct.<br />
<br />
Proiectarea circuitului este foarte similar cu circuitele folosite pentru soluţii precum [[RAMPS]] sau [[Sanguinololu]]. Electronica Generation 7 poate sa controleze acelaşi tip de hardware si poate rula acelaşi tip de firmware. Generation 7 vine în plus cu câteva detalii elegante care îl fac mai flexibil si mai fiabil.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
* Discuss this set of electronics in the [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487 Generation 7 Electronics forum thread].<br />
* Follow development and download files at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository].<br />
* Find manufacturing files in the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/master/release%20documents latest release files] folder.<br />
<br />
'''Note''': Generation 7 Electronics receives continued support and development by [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]. You're free to make your copies of the hardware for personal use. If you want to purchase Gen7 componentents, please stick to the [[#How to get it | development supporting distribution channels]]. Thank you.<br />
<br />
<br />
=Features & Specifications=<br />
<br />
==Highlights==<br />
<br />
* It's fast! Runs at 20 MHz -> 25% more speed.<br />
* It's complete! Can drive a heated bed directly off the board.<br />
* It's comfortable! Switches the power supply on and off automatically.<br />
* It's open! Well suited for community driven development and customisation.<br />
* It's flexible! [[Gen7_Board_1.4#Non-12-V-Voltages | Capability to supply motors and heaters with a different voltage]].<br />
* It's affordable! PCBs are easy to buy, to manufacture on a RepRap or to etch DIY.<br />
<br />
==Details==<br />
<br />
* Single board solution.<br />
* Single sided PCB.<br />
* CPU: ATmega644, ATmega644P or ATmega1284P (Atmel Corp.)<br />
* 4x Pololu stepper drivers, exchangeable, up to 1/16 microstepping.<br />
* Hand solderable, on-board USB-TTL converter.<br />
* Integrated hardware for driving one extruder and a heated bed.<br />
* Prefered power supply: ATX 20-pin or 24-pin.<br />
* Can turn PSU on and off in software, when supplied by an ATX power supply.<br />
* Extension Board header + Extension Boards for additional extruders, fans, SD cards, and whatever is desireable.<br />
<br />
=Design Goals=<br />
<br />
* Keep the replicatability, i.e. minimum distance between two tracks is 0.4&nbsp;mm. This mostly rules out SMD chips.<br />
* Get independent from industry devices.<br />
* Put emphasis on flexibility, ease of use and reliability.<br />
* Have only essential features on the base board, put additional stuff on extension boards.<br />
<br />
<br />
{| width="60%" align="center"<br />
| align="left" | ''Perfection (in design) is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but rather when there is nothing more to take away.''<br />
|-<br />
| align="right" | ''Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=How to get it=<br />
<br />
All these shops support Gen7 development:<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap-diy.com RepRap DIY] &nbsp; ([[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]'s outlet )<br />
* [http://paoparts.com Paoparts]<br />
* [http://reprap-france.com eMotion Tech]<br />
<br />
They have PCBs, components and connector kits available.<br />
<br />
See also the wiki pages of the individual boards.<br />
<br />
=Individual Components=<br />
<br />
As Gen7 is a single board solution, it consists of only few components:<br />
<br />
==Board-AVR==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg | 400px | right]]<br />
<br />
Gen7 Board is the central unit. It can drive a RepRap machine on its own, but not much more. Full power to the basics, no expensive extra features.<br />
<br />
====Latest Release: v1.5====<br />
<br />
20. December 2012<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Board-AVR 1.5 | Wiki Page]]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The USB adapter is now on the main board. Pretty much what's on the ExtentionBoard-USB-B already, making this obsolete.<br />
* Noise cancelling coil for AVcc now 10 uH. This makes Gen7 compatible with firmwares supporting LCD displays. Previously, hooking up a display would trigger the brown-out-detector often.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Board-ARM==<br />
<br />
Soon to come. Expected features:<br />
<br />
* ARM LPC1114 Cortex-M0 CPU in a through hole pins package.<br />
* 32-bit, 48 MHz.<br />
* The unfortunate thing: firmware has yet to be ported.<br />
<br />
==Endstop==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Endstop_1.2_Assembled.jpeg | 200px | right]]<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1]] is an optical endstop, made to fit on Mendels & Co.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Extension Boards==<br />
<br />
Extension boards are what makes Gen7 powerful and feature rich. While the base board has only the essentials to get your printer running, you can add on this part later to enjoy all the goodies.<br />
<br />
Here are a few extensions currently in development or already working:<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,159132,160267#msg-160267 LCD display connector]<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB A 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB A]]: USB adapter using an ATtiny45/85<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB B 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB B]]: USB adapter using an MCP2200<br />
<br />
==Miscellaneous==<br />
<br />
Besides the parts needed for the individual components, you need thin wires to get the thermistor and end-stop signals to the Board. For example, you can salvage the cables you find between a PC main board and the PC's hard disks or those from any fans, indicator lights and reset switches.<br />
<br />
Heaters and stepper motors need a bit more current, so the wires should be thicker. It's a good idea to use cables from mains household appliances. These have typically 2x or 3x 0.75&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> (~18 AWG) wire multi conductor cables. Remove the outer insulation carefully, and then re-group them in sets of two or four, as needed; twisting the wires while doing so reduces electromagnetic influence and keeps them tidy. Label the ends if you do not have enough colours, a permanent marker can be used to add a stripe to both ends of a wire, this lets you use one colour twice (and keep pairs matched up).<br />
<br />
For shorter links or intermediate currents, the coloured wires from salvaged PC power supplies are well suited, sometimes they have two thicknesses on one PSU, you can strip the ends and compare which ones are the most suitable, they come in a number of colours, black, red, yellow and orange are the most common.<br />
<br />
=Assembly Instructions=<br />
<br />
As the wiring of the boards is slightly different for each released version, these details have been moved to the [[Gen7_Board_1.4.1#Connecting_Devices | board's page]].<br />
<br />
=Notice Regarding Legal Stuff=<br />
<br />
Generation 7 Electronics isn't a device in the sense of European Community regulation 2004/108/EG (EMC Directive). The reasons include:<br />
<br />
* Gen7 doesn't include a power supply, so a Gen7 can't be used on it's own.<br />
* Same for the stepper drivers. No stepper drivers, no useable Gen7.<br />
* Heaters, thermistors, dito.<br />
* The instructions seen on the Gen7 wiki pages give you hints on how to build your own device, they're not to be seen as installation instructions or a manual of a finished device.<br />
<br />
If you use a Gen7 to assemble something usable, check (at least) the following if you want to conform to said regulation:<br />
<br />
* Is there a metal housing? A Faraday Cage solves most electromagnetic issues.<br />
* Connected cables can also be subject to electromagnetic stuff. Shielding them helps.<br />
* Is there a manual and are there installation instructions conforming to the regulation?<br />
<br />
If you buy and assemble an Generation 7 Electronics kit, you're manufacturer in the sense of the EMC Directive, not an end user. As long as you're developing and testing, most EMC regulations don't apply (for obvious reasons). The directive just wants you to protect devices of third parties from yours, so don't run a Gen7 right next to your neighbour's cardiac pacemaker. There's no time limit for developing and testing.<br />
<br />
That said, this section mostly applies to all currently known RepRap electronics. Also, the said was written after investigation of relevant law texts by an mechanical engineer, not a lawyer.<br />
<br />
Relevant law: [http://www.ce-richtlinien.eu/richtlinien/EMV/Gesetz/EMVG_29_07_2009.pdf EMVG], implementing the EC directive for Germany.<br />
<br />
=Development=<br />
<br />
Current status of development can be found at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository]. The short term goals are listed above in the [[#Releases]] section.<br />
<br />
==Layout, PCB Editing==<br />
<br />
Gen7 uses [http://www.gpleda.org/index.html gEDA], a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/geda:download available] for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb<br />
<br />
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.<br />
<br />
Additionally, you want to [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics download] the design files with Git or [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/archives/master GitHub's download button]. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.<br />
<br />
==Typical Work Loop with gEDA==<br />
<br />
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:<br />
<br />
* Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.<br />
* Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
* Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.<br />
* If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
<br />
You get the idea?<br />
<br />
==Bug Fixing, Sending Changes==<br />
<br />
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send [http://github.com/Traumflug Traumflug] pull requests.<br />
<br />
==PCB Manufacturing==<br />
<br />
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.<br />
<br />
====Milling====<br />
<br />
On how to proceed further with that, see the [[PCB Milling]] page.<br />
<br />
====Etching====<br />
<br />
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.<br />
<br />
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# If you make a v1.4 board, find the Reset switch and see this one track on the "component" layer, connection the two bottom pins, usually in a greenish color. You'll come back to this track later.<br />
# Hide the "component", "vias" and "pins/pads" layer by clicking on each of the colored rectangles in the layer list.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Netlist. It might be neccessary to pull the new window a bit taller to actually see the list.<br />
# Click on the GND entry in the netlist (usually the third from top), then the "Select" button in the same window.<br />
# Search for GND tracks touching square SMD pads. Use the Lock tool (tool buttons to the left) to lock them down.<br />
# Choose Menu -> Edit -> Cut selection to buffer and click somewhere into the layout.<br />
# Hit Esc on your keyboard.<br />
# Unhide the three layers you hided before.<br />
# By now, all tracks on the GND-sldr layer, usually the light blue ones, should have been removed. Vias and pins meant to connect GND, however, should be still there. Also GND tracks touching square pads should remain visible.<br />
# Check the Reset switch, this one greenish track should be still there.<br />
# Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.<br />
# Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Message Log<br />
# Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key), watch the layout window for the yellowish rat lines and/or circles and watch the Message Log window for errors.<br />
# Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.<br />
# For pins and pads you actually ''want'' to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left). The rat lines/circles will guide you which pins to connect to the GND plane. Thermals don't work for SMD pads, that's why we kept the regular tracks to them, before.<br />
# It might be neccessary to add additional, smaller GND rects to reach areas not covered by the big rect.<br />
# Loop the last four steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest" in the Message Log window. "Congratulations" means, your board's layout is connected correctly.<br />
# In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:<br />
## Switch to the "solder" layer.<br />
## Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.<br />
## Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.<br />
## Type the following and hit Enter:<pre>ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)</pre><br />
## Repeat the above with <code>selectedpins</code> instead of <code>selectedlines</code>.<br />
## Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.<br />
## As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.<br />
# You're done.<br />
<br />
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]<br />
<br />
====Etching via Toner Transfer====<br />
<br />
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:<br />
<br />
[http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487,86267#msg-86267 bryanandaimee writes]:<br />
<br />
: ''I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.''<br />
<br />
Following up on this statement, the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/944b14ede3cc9d782cc00e328e9197e429942847 minimum track width was raised from 20&nbsp;mil to 30&nbsp;mil]. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16&nbsp;mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --[[User:Traumflug|Traumflug]] 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.<br />
# Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.<br />
# Type the following two commands:<br />
<blockquote><pre>changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm)<br />
changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)</pre></blockquote><br />
<br />
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5&nbsp;mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.<br />
<br />
Practical tips for toner transfer see [[DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer]].<br />
<br />
=History=<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7ElectronicsTestboard1.jpg | 300px | thumb | right | The very first working Generation 7 Electronics Board, created by Jacky2k]]<br />
<br />
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a [[#Releases | Release]]).<br />
<br />
The [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?35,56137 Forum thread] (german), where everything started.<br />
<br />
====Work Around Christmas 2010====<br />
<br />
Mostly done by [[User:Jacky2k | Jacky2k]].<br />
<br />
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested.<br />
The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.<br />
<br />
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.<br />
<br />
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.<br />
<br />
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.<br />
<br />
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.<br />
<br />
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...<br />
<br />
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.<br />
<br />
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.<br />
<br />
==Older Releases==<br />
<br />
====10. Feb 2011: v1.0====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?<br />
<br />
====28. Mar 2011: v1.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.<br />
<br />
* Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75&nbsp;mm or 1.0&nbsp;mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.<br />
* Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.<br />
* Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.<br />
* Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ&nbsp;44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.<br />
* Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.<br />
* Fixed the solder mask.<br />
* Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.<br />
* Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.<br />
* Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.<br />
<br />
====12. May 2011: v1.2====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.<br />
<br />
====22. July 2011: 1.3====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/6caa8a681c04307468441c3a9995abbe9271f059 Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters]. These match the required current much better.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/ca9f6d19aeffbf538358526a7508ce3a1500194c Remove the MOSFET for the fan]. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/077ce0058d9b506651d7d65cf539371710b1d66b Remove the I2C header]. Was totally unused.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/7d994eb0f72f23d41326cb84ffede6e9f4801fae Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only]. The extra pin just caused confusion.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/dae1915684d4715c0b8bd83a102fb1fc6742aae2 Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24]. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts [http://pinouts.ru/Power/atxpower_pinout.shtml ATX20] plugs just fine.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/54183e8b45a07bf28b4a2a62536ddd1b00bff8d9 Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters]. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/b371fd7b582dd5873ec48a2781ce9a31b77b1684 MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink]. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.<br />
<br />
====16. August 2011: 1.3.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
This is a bugfix release.<br />
<br />
* Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.<br />
* Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.<br />
* No changes to the hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
====15. May 2012: Gen7Board v1.4====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Most important: Gen7 features now an extension header, so you can stack a feature-rich board on top of the base board. This shall allow for SD card support, additional extruders, displays and perhaps even multi-color extruders.<br />
* Changed motor headers from KK156 to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible. The later are significantly cheaper and a lot more in use these days.<br />
* Reduced the number of endstops to 3, so endstops no longer share pins with the ISP header. Additional endstops can go onto the extension board.<br />
* Connect the thermistor to 5V Standby. This allows to read temperatures without turning the power supply on and requires just 0.1&nbsp;mA additional juice at room temperature, so the additional energy needed for running the thing 24/7 is neglibile.<br />
* Better GND routing for even more accurate temperature readings.<br />
* Reduce resistors between ATmega and MOSFETs to 10&nbsp;Ohms to allow for higher PWM frequencies.<br />
* Tested support for the ATmega1284P.<br />
<br />
====17. August 2012: Gen7Board v1.4.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Distinction between extruder and bed circuitry (heater MOSFET, thermistor connection) to allow differences between them.<br />
* Better MOSFET for the heated bed, bringing in more robustness and making MOSFET heatsinks obsolete.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Generation 7 electronics| ]] [[Category:Electronics development]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=82935Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-21T21:30:02Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|Generation 7 Electronics}}<br />
{{Generation7Electronics}}<br />
{{Development<br />
|name = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|status = working<br />
|image = Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg<br />
|description = Generation 7 Electronics<br />
|license = various - see individual boards <br />
|author = Traumflug<br />
|categories = [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]], [[Category:Mendel_Development]]<br />
|cadModel = [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics GitHub]<br />
|url = (none)<br />
}}<onlyinclude>This is an RepRap electronics designed to be do-it-yourselfable. Replication is what makes RepRap unique, so this is now extended to electronics. All Gen7 PCBs can be manufactured on a RepRap, on a general CNC milling machine, etched with the toner transfer method or they can even be bought. A long term future goal is to print the electrical tracks directly.<br />
<br />
The circuitry design is very similar to other single/stacked board solutions, like [[RAMPS]] or [[Sanguinololu]]. Generation 7 Electronics can drive the same hardware, can run the same firmwares. Additionally, it comes with a few nice details to make it more flexible, as well as more reliable.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
* Discuss this set of electronics in the [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487 Generation 7 Electronics forum thread].<br />
* Follow development and download files at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository].<br />
* Find manufacturing files in the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/master/release%20documents latest release files] folder.<br />
<br />
'''Note''': Generation 7 Electronics receives continued support and development by [[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]. You're free to make your copies of the hardware for personal use. If you want to purchase Gen7 componentents, please stick to the [[#How to get it | development supporting distribution channels]]. Thank you.<br />
<br />
<br />
=Features & Specifications=<br />
<br />
==Highlights==<br />
<br />
* It's fast! Runs at 20 MHz -> 25% more speed.<br />
* It's complete! Can drive a heated bed directly off the board.<br />
* It's comfortable! Switches the power supply on and off automatically.<br />
* It's open! Well suited for community driven development and customisation.<br />
* It's flexible! [[Gen7_Board_1.4#Non-12-V-Voltages | Capability to supply motors and heaters with a different voltage]].<br />
* It's affordable! PCBs are easy to buy, to manufacture on a RepRap or to etch DIY.<br />
<br />
==Details==<br />
<br />
* Single board solution.<br />
* Single sided PCB.<br />
* CPU: ATmega644, ATmega644P or ATmega1284P (Atmel Corp.)<br />
* 4x Pololu stepper drivers, exchangeable, up to 1/16 microstepping.<br />
* Hand solderable, on-board USB-TTL converter.<br />
* Integrated hardware for driving one extruder and a heated bed.<br />
* Prefered power supply: ATX 20-pin or 24-pin.<br />
* Can turn PSU on and off in software, when supplied by an ATX power supply.<br />
* Extension Board header + Extension Boards for additional extruders, fans, SD cards, and whatever is desireable.<br />
<br />
=Design Goals=<br />
<br />
* Keep the replicatability, i.e. minimum distance between two tracks is 0.4&nbsp;mm. This mostly rules out SMD chips.<br />
* Get independent from industry devices.<br />
* Put emphasis on flexibility, ease of use and reliability.<br />
* Have only essential features on the base board, put additional stuff on extension boards.<br />
<br />
<br />
{| width="60%" align="center"<br />
| align="left" | ''Perfection (in design) is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but rather when there is nothing more to take away.''<br />
|-<br />
| align="right" | ''Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=How to get it=<br />
<br />
All these shops support Gen7 development:<br />
<br />
* [http://reprap-diy.com RepRap DIY] &nbsp; ([[User:Traumflug | Traumflug]]'s outlet )<br />
* [http://paoparts.com Paoparts]<br />
* [http://reprap-france.com eMotion Tech]<br />
<br />
They have PCBs, components and connector kits available.<br />
<br />
See also the wiki pages of the individual boards.<br />
<br />
=Individual Components=<br />
<br />
As Gen7 is a single board solution, it consists of only few components:<br />
<br />
==Board-AVR==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Board_1.4.1.jpeg | 400px | right]]<br />
<br />
Gen7 Board is the central unit. It can drive a RepRap machine on its own, but not much more. Full power to the basics, no expensive extra features.<br />
<br />
====Latest Release: v1.5====<br />
<br />
20. December 2012<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Board-AVR 1.5 | Wiki Page]]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-AVR-1.5/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The USB adapter is now on the main board. Pretty much what's on the ExtentionBoard-USB-B already, making this obsolete.<br />
* Noise cancelling coil for AVcc now 10 uH. This makes Gen7 compatible with firmwares supporting LCD displays. Previously, hooking up a display would trigger the brown-out-detector often.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Board-ARM==<br />
<br />
Soon to come. Expected features:<br />
<br />
* ARM LPC1114 Cortex-M0 CPU in a through hole pins package.<br />
* 32-bit, 48 MHz.<br />
* The unfortunate thing: firmware has yet to be ported.<br />
<br />
==Endstop==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7_Endstop_1.2_Assembled.jpeg | 200px | right]]<br />
<br />
[[Gen7 Endstop 1.3.1]] is an optical endstop, made to fit on Mendels & Co.<br />
<br />
<br style="clear: both" /><br />
<br />
==Extension Boards==<br />
<br />
Extension boards are what makes Gen7 powerful and feature rich. While the base board has only the essentials to get your printer running, you can add on this part later to enjoy all the goodies.<br />
<br />
Here are a few extensions currently in development or already working:<br />
<br />
* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,159132,160267#msg-160267 LCD display connector]<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB A 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB A]]: USB adapter using an ATtiny45/85<br />
* [[Gen7 ExtensionBoard USB B 1.0 | ExtensionBoard USB B]]: USB adapter using an MCP2200<br />
<br />
==Miscellaneous==<br />
<br />
Besides the parts needed for the individual components, you need thin wires to get the thermistor and end-stop signals to the Board. For example, you can salvage the cables you find between a PC main board and the PC's hard disks or those from any fans, indicator lights and reset switches.<br />
<br />
Heaters and stepper motors need a bit more current, so the wires should be thicker. It's a good idea to use cables from mains household appliances. These have typically 2x or 3x 0.75&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> (~18 AWG) wire multi conductor cables. Remove the outer insulation carefully, and then re-group them in sets of two or four, as needed; twisting the wires while doing so reduces electromagnetic influence and keeps them tidy. Label the ends if you do not have enough colours, a permanent marker can be used to add a stripe to both ends of a wire, this lets you use one colour twice (and keep pairs matched up).<br />
<br />
For shorter links or intermediate currents, the coloured wires from salvaged PC power supplies are well suited, sometimes they have two thicknesses on one PSU, you can strip the ends and compare which ones are the most suitable, they come in a number of colours, black, red, yellow and orange are the most common.<br />
<br />
=Assembly Instructions=<br />
<br />
As the wiring of the boards is slightly different for each released version, these details have been moved to the [[Gen7_Board_1.4.1#Connecting_Devices | board's page]].<br />
<br />
=Notice Regarding Legal Stuff=<br />
<br />
Generation 7 Electronics isn't a device in the sense of European Community regulation 2004/108/EG (EMC Directive). The reasons include:<br />
<br />
* Gen7 doesn't include a power supply, so a Gen7 can't be used on it's own.<br />
* Same for the stepper drivers. No stepper drivers, no useable Gen7.<br />
* Heaters, thermistors, dito.<br />
* The instructions seen on the Gen7 wiki pages give you hints on how to build your own device, they're not to be seen as installation instructions or a manual of a finished device.<br />
<br />
If you use a Gen7 to assemble something usable, check (at least) the following if you want to conform to said regulation:<br />
<br />
* Is there a metal housing? A Faraday Cage solves most electromagnetic issues.<br />
* Connected cables can also be subject to electromagnetic stuff. Shielding them helps.<br />
* Is there a manual and are there installation instructions conforming to the regulation?<br />
<br />
If you buy and assemble an Generation 7 Electronics kit, you're manufacturer in the sense of the EMC Directive, not an end user. As long as you're developing and testing, most EMC regulations don't apply (for obvious reasons). The directive just wants you to protect devices of third parties from yours, so don't run a Gen7 right next to your neighbour's cardiac pacemaker. There's no time limit for developing and testing.<br />
<br />
That said, this section mostly applies to all currently known RepRap electronics. Also, the said was written after investigation of relevant law texts by an mechanical engineer, not a lawyer.<br />
<br />
Relevant law: [http://www.ce-richtlinien.eu/richtlinien/EMV/Gesetz/EMVG_29_07_2009.pdf EMVG], implementing the EC directive for Germany.<br />
<br />
=Development=<br />
<br />
Current status of development can be found at the [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics Generation 7 Electronics GitHub repository]. The short term goals are listed above in the [[#Releases]] section.<br />
<br />
==Layout, PCB Editing==<br />
<br />
Gen7 uses [http://www.gpleda.org/index.html gEDA], a true open source set of Electronics Development Applications (EDA). While gEDA has a bit of a learning curve and has some room for improvement regarding the graphical user interface, it's reliable, fast and well suited for the task. gEDA is [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/geda:download available] for Linux and Mac OS X and has ready-to-use packages on Debian/Ubuntu and SuSe. To install it on Ubuntu, simply type<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install geda geda-utils geda-xgsch2pcb<br />
<br />
and you'll find schematics and PCB layout editor applications in your applications menu.<br />
<br />
Additionally, you want to [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics download] the design files with Git or [http://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/archives/master GitHub's download button]. In the later case choose to download source and unpack that when done.<br />
<br />
==Typical Work Loop with gEDA==<br />
<br />
Here you have a typical work loop for changing these electronics with the gEDA/PCB tool chain:<br />
<br />
* Always start editing with the project (.gsch2pcb suffix) file. You can open it by double-clicking it.<br />
* Select the schematics and use the button below the list to open it.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
* Open the PCB using one of the buttons to the right. Both have almost the same functionality.<br />
* If you have chosen to update the PCB, footprints no longer in use will have vanished and new or previously missing ones appear in the upper left corner. An updated list of connections (netlist) will have been loaded. Update the rats nest to find areas requiring work.<br />
* When done, save it and return to the project.<br />
<br />
You get the idea?<br />
<br />
==Bug Fixing, Sending Changes==<br />
<br />
This is community development, so getting changes from everyone is more than welcome. Write them to the forum, to the reprap-dev mailing list, use GitHub's Issue Tracker, whatever is most convenient for you. If you fork the repository at GitHub, you can also send [http://github.com/Traumflug Traumflug] pull requests.<br />
<br />
==PCB Manufacturing==<br />
<br />
gEDA can export PCBs to the Gerber and other file formats, of course.<br />
<br />
====Milling====<br />
<br />
On how to proceed further with that, see the [[PCB Milling]] page.<br />
<br />
====Etching====<br />
<br />
For etching, you likely want to reduce the amount of etched copper to a minimum. One way to get there perfectly, is to lay a ground plane into the layout.<br />
<br />
Note: if you're in a hurry, you can leave out the step removing the tracks on the "GND-sldr" layer and setting Thermals. It'll work anyway.<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# If you make a v1.4 board, find the Reset switch and see this one track on the "component" layer, connection the two bottom pins, usually in a greenish color. You'll come back to this track later.<br />
# Hide the "component", "vias" and "pins/pads" layer by clicking on each of the colored rectangles in the layer list.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Netlist. It might be neccessary to pull the new window a bit taller to actually see the list.<br />
# Click on the GND entry in the netlist (usually the third from top), then the "Select" button in the same window.<br />
# Search for GND tracks touching square SMD pads. Use the Lock tool (tool buttons to the left) to lock them down.<br />
# Choose Menu -> Edit -> Cut selection to buffer and click somewhere into the layout.<br />
# Hit Esc on your keyboard.<br />
# Unhide the three layers you hided before.<br />
# By now, all tracks on the GND-sldr layer, usually the light blue ones, should have been removed. Vias and pins meant to connect GND, however, should be still there. Also GND tracks touching square pads should remain visible.<br />
# Check the Reset switch, this one greenish track should be still there.<br />
# Switch to the "GND-sldr" layer.<br />
# Draw a RECT (find the tool in the left bar) as big as the entire board.<br />
# Open Menu -> Window -> Message Log<br />
# Do an "optimize rats nest" (o-key), watch the layout window for the yellowish rat lines and/or circles and watch the Message Log window for errors.<br />
# Some non-GND tracks might be shortened with the new ground plane. Move the mouse over each of these tracks and press the "j" key (on your keyboard). Works for tracks hidden behind the ground plane as well, you'll see the difference immediately.<br />
# For pins and pads you actually ''want'' to connect to the ground plane, set a Thermal (THRM tool to the left). The rat lines/circles will guide you which pins to connect to the GND plane. Thermals don't work for SMD pads, that's why we kept the regular tracks to them, before.<br />
# It might be neccessary to add additional, smaller GND rects to reach areas not covered by the big rect.<br />
# Loop the last four steps until you get congratulations (no errors) on "optimize rats nest" in the Message Log window. "Congratulations" means, your board's layout is connected correctly.<br />
# In case the default clearance between the copper plane and pins/tracks are not sufficient for your purposes, you can adjust them with some command line work:<br />
## Switch to the "solder" layer.<br />
## Select Menu -> Edit -> Select all visible.<br />
## Select Menu -> Windows -> Command Entry.<br />
## Type the following and hit Enter:<pre>ChangeClearSize(selectedlines, 0.5, mm)</pre><br />
## Repeat the above with <code>selectedpins</code> instead of <code>selectedlines</code>.<br />
## Repeat both of the above on the "Vcc-sldr" layer.<br />
## As you probably guessed already, you can change this "0.5" to arbitrary values and "mm" to "mil", and use different values for each of the 4 groups.<br />
# You're done.<br />
<br />
On how to proceed with this etching-optimized board, see ... [Links needed]<br />
<br />
====Etching via Toner Transfer====<br />
<br />
Additionally to the above, the layout can be optimized for the toner transfer method even more:<br />
<br />
[http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?181,63487,86267#msg-86267 bryanandaimee writes]:<br />
<br />
: ''I'm not a real pro at toner transfer etching, so I generally oversize the traces and undersize the holes in the pads. This makes it more likely to get a good board. Toner transfer can be a bit of a pain. It is kitchen science in every way. Plus, since you are often drilling pads by hand it helps to oversize the pads too. Wider traces and smaller holes help the most. The wider traces help avoid open traces when etching is finished, and undersized holes helps avoid pads that etch too thin and are then liable to pop off the board when soldering. Also a smaller hole helps center the drill bit better.''<br />
<br />
Following up on this statement, the [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/944b14ede3cc9d782cc00e328e9197e429942847 minimum track width was raised from 20&nbsp;mil to 30&nbsp;mil]. As the minimum gap between copper is still 16&nbsp;mil, other manufacturing processes shouldn't suffer from this. --[[User:Traumflug|Traumflug]] 20:33, 8 June 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You can reduce drill sizes with a few quick commands:<br />
<br />
# Open the layout in PCB.<br />
# Drag a rectangle over the entire board to select all elements.<br />
# Select Menu -> Window -> Command Entry.<br />
# Type the following two commands:<br />
<blockquote><pre>changedrillsize(selectedpins, 0.5, mm)<br />
changedrillsize(selectedvias, 0.5, mm)</pre></blockquote><br />
<br />
Voilá, all drills are reduced to 0.5&nbsp;mm, just right to be a center hole for manual drilling.<br />
<br />
Practical tips for toner transfer see [[DIY PCBs double sided toner transfer]].<br />
<br />
=History=<br />
<br />
[[File:Gen7ElectronicsTestboard1.jpg | 300px | thumb | right | The very first working Generation 7 Electronics Board, created by Jacky2k]]<br />
<br />
(Well, that part of the history which didn't result in a [[#Releases | Release]]).<br />
<br />
The [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?35,56137 Forum thread] (german), where everything started.<br />
<br />
====Work Around Christmas 2010====<br />
<br />
Mostly done by [[User:Jacky2k | Jacky2k]].<br />
<br />
24.12.2010: A first version of the Gen7 board has been etched and is being tested.<br />
The hardware seems to work, but the software still needs to be ported and tested with a RepRap.<br />
<br />
29.12.2010: Some patches were made in the firmware to support endstops and homing. The patched firmware can be downloaded in the firmware section.<br />
<br />
30.12.2010: Some more patches to the firmware. Current firmware seems to be stable and working. Not 100% tested yet.<br />
<br />
04.01.2011: We found some bugs in the firmware again. All of them seems to be fixed, release is planned tomorrow.<br />
<br />
05.01.2011: Uploaded current firmware with a lot of patches.<br />
<br />
08.01.2011: Some little modifications of the PCB are required. Pull-up resistors for I²C are missing, we want to change some headers to more common one, some resistor values are missing, ...<br />
<br />
09.02.2011: The master branch of FiveD on Arduino firmware is ported and seems to work but is not tested 100%. The config file for the firmware will come soon.<br />
<br />
March 2011: Four Mendels are driven by Gen7 Electronics successfully, first reprap'd PCBs were shipped.<br />
<br />
==Older Releases==<br />
<br />
====10. Feb 2011: v1.0====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.0/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: it works. Isn't that the most important thing on an 1.0 release?<br />
<br />
====28. Mar 2011: v1.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features: fix all those silly 1.0 mistakes.<br />
<br />
* Cleaned up that drill size mess. Now 275 of the 369 holes are either 0.75&nbsp;mm or 1.0&nbsp;mm, the remaining ones are the bigger ones for the connectors and can be drill-milled.<br />
* Various smaller changes for better compatibility with G-Code generators.<br />
* Added an appropriate plus (+) signs to all polar components.<br />
* Swapped the TIP120 MOSFETs for IRFZ&nbsp;44N ones. These are now fast enough to allow PWM in the kHz range.<br />
* Added two jumper headers to one existing to have one for each of the three possible power sources. This adds safety against misconfigurations: use only one jumper and you're always safe.<br />
* Fixed the solder mask.<br />
* Changed the pin assignments of the heater MOSFETs. Now they're on PWM-able ATmega pins.<br />
* Added a Release Maker script, bundling up design files for those without gEDA.<br />
* Added Arduino Support, consisting of bootloaders, board descriptions and library files.<br />
<br />
====12. May 2011: v1.2====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.2/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* The endstop now uses the TCST1103/2103 photo interrupter.<br />
<br />
====22. July 2011: 1.3====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Supported EDA toolchain is now gEDA 20100929, the one coming with Ubuntu 11.04.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/6caa8a681c04307468441c3a9995abbe9271f059 Use stronger 2 pin, 4 mm connectors (same type as the motors) for the heaters]. These match the required current much better.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/ca9f6d19aeffbf538358526a7508ce3a1500194c Remove the MOSFET for the fan]. Only few people use a fan. If you're one of them, connect the fan to the PSU directly.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/077ce0058d9b506651d7d65cf539371710b1d66b Remove the I2C header]. Was totally unused.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/7d994eb0f72f23d41326cb84ffede6e9f4801fae Make thermistor connectors 2 pin only]. The extra pin just caused confusion.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/dae1915684d4715c0b8bd83a102fb1fc6742aae2 Replace the ATX20 with an ATX24]. The new header is compatible with more recent PC power supply types and accepts [http://pinouts.ru/Power/atxpower_pinout.shtml ATX20] plugs just fine.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/54183e8b45a07bf28b4a2a62536ddd1b00bff8d9 Use another disk power type connector to supply the heaters]. This allows to run a heated bed directly off the Gen7 board, without relays in between. This also introduces the ability to use different voltages for motors and heaters, without making things more complex for casual users.<br />
* [https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/commit/b371fd7b582dd5873ec48a2781ce9a31b77b1684 MOSFETs are now upright, for better cooling and mounting a heatsink]. Also inserted a matching heatsink to the parts list.<br />
<br />
====16. August 2011: 1.3.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/release-1.3.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
This is a bugfix release.<br />
<br />
* Attempt to prevent bootloader corruption by turning on the Brown Out Detector.<br />
* Make the bootloader it's self a bit shorter.<br />
* No changes to the hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
====15. May 2012: Gen7Board v1.4====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Most important: Gen7 features now an extension header, so you can stack a feature-rich board on top of the base board. This shall allow for SD card support, additional extruders, displays and perhaps even multi-color extruders.<br />
* Changed motor headers from KK156 to KK100 ones. KK156 are Gen3 and screw terminal compatible, KK100 are RAMPS/Sanguinololu/Gen6 compatible. The later are significantly cheaper and a lot more in use these days.<br />
* Reduced the number of endstops to 3, so endstops no longer share pins with the ISP header. Additional endstops can go onto the extension board.<br />
* Connect the thermistor to 5V Standby. This allows to read temperatures without turning the power supply on and requires just 0.1&nbsp;mA additional juice at room temperature, so the additional energy needed for running the thing 24/7 is neglibile.<br />
* Better GND routing for even more accurate temperature readings.<br />
* Reduce resistors between ATmega and MOSFETs to 10&nbsp;Ohms to allow for higher PWM frequencies.<br />
* Tested support for the ATmega1284P.<br />
<br />
====17. August 2012: Gen7Board v1.4.1====<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1 Git Repository]<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/Traumflug/Generation_7_Electronics/tree/Gen7Board-1.4.1/release%20documents Release Documents]<br />
<br />
New features:<br />
<br />
* Distinction between extruder and bed circuitry (heater MOSFET, thermistor connection) to allow differences between them.<br />
* Better MOSFET for the heated bed, bringing in more robustness and making MOSFET heatsinks obsolete.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Generation 7 electronics| ]] [[Category:Electronics development]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82934RepRap/ro2013-02-21T21:28:50Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>Other translations in Romanian:<br />
[[Generation_7_Electronics/ro|Translation of Generation 7 Electronics]]<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Bine aţi venit la <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
<br />
[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''ŞTIRI: Veniţi la [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Evenimentul "Inside 3D Printing" din New York City]! Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 22-23 Aprilie 2013. Am aranjat ca reprapper-ii (adică voi!) să primiţi un discount special de 15% pentru admitere - menţionaţi codul RRP15.'''<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al omenirii cu scopul de a crea o [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|maşină de producţie cu capacităţi de auto-replicare]].<br />
<br />
<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs [[wikipedia:Free_software|gratis]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil să printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. De vreme ce multe dintre componentele RepRap sunt făcute din plastic, RepRap fiind cel care printează acele componente, se poate spune că RepRap este capabil de auto-replicare. RepRap poate produce un set de componente proprii pe care oricine îl poate folosi pentru asamblarea unui RepRap. Aceasta înseamnă totodată că, odata ce deţii un RepRap, poţi sa printezi [http://thingiverse.com o mulţime de piese folositoare] şi, prin urmare, poţi [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|tipări un alt RepRap]] pentru un [[Loaner Program|prieten]]...<br />
<br />
'''RepRap înseamnă construirea de maşini capabile de auto-replicare''' şi punerea proiectelor lor la dispoziţia oricui. Folosim imprimare 3D pentru a realiza acest lucru, dar daca dispui de alte tehnologii de replicare ce pot fi puse la dispoziţia tuturor în mod gratuit, atunci acesta este locul potrivit pentru tine.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org este un proiect al comunităţii''', ceea ce înseamnă că eşti binevenit să editezi majoritatea paginilor din cadrul acestui site, sau chiar sa creezi pagini proprii. Paginile portalelor [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] şi [[Development|New Development]] au multe informaţii legate de modalităţi de a te implica. Foloseşte link-urile de mai jos si din stânga pentru a explora conţinutul site-ului. Vei găsi conţinut parţial sau complet [[RepRapWiki:Translations|tradus în alte limbi]].<br />
<br />
'''RepRap''' a fost prima imprimantă 3D low-cost, iar Proiectul RepRap a declanşat revoluţia imprimantelor 3D open-source. A ajuns să fie cea mai utilizată imprimantă 3D la scară largă în rândul membrilor Comunităţii de Producători: [[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
<br />
<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Disponibil aici].</small><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top"><br />
<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|Despre]] | [http://thingiverse.com Obiecte RepRap] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Comunitate]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Ajutor şi suport]]</center><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Construieşte o maşină RepRap </center><br />
<br />
<center>Dacă RepRap este o noutate pentru tine, ar trebui probabil să începi cu [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (dacă vrei o construcţie de volum mare) sau [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (dacă vrei o maşină de dimensiuni mici).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
RepRap în mărimea originală, Orientat spre Costuri Mici si Uşurinţa de Furnizare a Componentelor<br />
* [[Prusa|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Prusa_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[Prusa_Build_Manual|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[Prusa_User_Manual|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[:Category:Prusa_Development|Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
RepRap în mărimea originală, Orientat spre Rigiditate Structurala şi Uşurinţa Asamblării<br />
* [[MendelMax|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[MendelMax_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[MendelMax_Build_Manual|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[MendelMax_User_Manual|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[:Category:MendelMax_Development|Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
RepRap mai mic pentru a reduce numărul pieselor componente şi complexitatea construcţiei<br />
* [[Wallace|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Wallace_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[Wallace_Build_Manual|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[Wallace_User_Manual|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[:Category:Wallace_Development|Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Mendel Original'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel Original]]<br />
<br />
Primul design Mendel: complet funcţional, dar mult mai complicat decât variantele mai recente<br />
* [[Mendel|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Build_Manual|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[Mendel_User_Manual|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[:Category:Mendel_Development|Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
RepRap mai mic pentru a reduce numărul pieselor componente şi pentru portabilitate.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Huxley_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
Design RepRap pentru printare 3D cu mai multe materiale/culori.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
<div id="mainPage.news.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
|desc=0<br />
|date=y<br />
|targ=n<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Pentru istoricul complet [http://blog.reprap.org/ Blogul Echipei Nucleu].<br />
<br />
Vezi de asemenea [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Un Blog RepRap Aggregator] şi [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - Un Blog RepRap Aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| Comunitate]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| Categorii]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;"> Imprimante 3D RepRap mai vechi. Design-urile pentru aceste imprimante au fost înlocuite cu design-uri mai noi (dacă decizi să le construieşti o faci pe cont propriu).</center><br />
<br />
<center>Dacă RepRap este o noutate pentru tine, ar trebui probabil să începi cu [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (dacă vrei o construcţie de volum mare) sau [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (dacă vrei o maşină de dimensiuni mici).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Huxley Original'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley Original]]<br />
<br />
Mini RepRap Original<br />
* [[Huxley|Prezentare generală]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
Primul RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Prezentare generală]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| Comunitate]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| Categorii]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Generation_7_Electronics/ro&diff=82903Generation 7 Electronics/ro2013-02-21T18:55:37Z<p>Dorin dragan: Created page with 'TODO'</p>
<hr />
<div>TODO</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82692RepRap/ro2013-02-19T14:09:14Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>:: TO BE TRANSLATED ::<br />
<br />
{{Languages|RepRap}}<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Bine aţi venit la <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
<br />
[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''ŞTIRI: Veniţi la [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Evenimentul "Inside 3D Printing" din New York City]! Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 22-23 Aprilie 2013. Am aranjat ca reprapper-ii (adică voi!) să primiţi un discount special de 15% pentru admitere - menţionaţi codul RRP15.'''<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al omenirii cu scopul de a crea o [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|maşină de producţie cu capacităţi de auto-replicare]].<br />
<br />
<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs [[wikipedia:Free_software|gratis]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil să printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. De vreme ce multe dintre componentele RepRap sunt făcute din plastic, RepRap fiind cel care printează acele componente, se poate spune că RepRap este capabil de auto-replicare. RepRap poate produce un set de componente proprii pe care oricine îl poate folosi pentru asamblarea unui RepRap. Aceasta înseamnă totodată că, odata ce deţii un RepRap, poţi sa printezi [http://thingiverse.com o mulţime de piese folositoare] şi, prin urmare, poţi [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|tipări un alt RepRap]] pentru un [[Loaner Program|prieten]]...<br />
<br />
'''RepRap înseamnă construirea de maşini capabile de auto-replicare''' şi punerea proiectelor lor la dispoziţia oricui. Folosim imprimare 3D pentru a realiza acest lucru, dar daca dispui de alte tehnologii de replicare ce pot fi puse la dispoziţia tuturor în mod gratuit, atunci acesta este locul potrivit pentru tine.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org este un proiect al comunităţii''', ceea ce înseamnă că eşti binevenit să editezi majoritatea paginilor din cadrul acestui site, sau chiar sa creezi pagini proprii. Paginile portalelor [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] şi [[Development|New Development]] au multe informaţii legate de modalităţi de a te implica. Foloseşte link-urile de mai jos si din stânga pentru a explora conţinutul site-ului. Vei găsi conţinut parţial sau complet [[RepRapWiki:Translations|tradus în alte limbi]].<br />
<br />
'''RepRap''' a fost prima imprimantă 3D low-cost, iar Proiectul RepRap a declanşat revoluţia imprimantelor 3D open-source. A ajuns să fie cea mai utilizată imprimantă 3D la scară largă în rândul membrilor Comunităţii de Producători: [[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
<br />
<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Disponibil aici].</small><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top"><br />
<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|Despre]] | [http://thingiverse.com Obiecte RepRap] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Comunitate]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Ajutor şi suport]]</center><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Construieşte o maşină RepRap </center><br />
<br />
<center>Dacă RepRap este o noutate pentru tine, ar trebui probabil să începi cu [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (dacă vrei o construcţie de volum mare) sau [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (dacă vrei o maşină de dimensiuni mici).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
RepRap în mărimea originală, Orientat spre Costuri Mici si Uşurinţa de Furnizare a Componentelor<br />
* [[Prusa|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Prusa_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[Prusa_Build_Manual|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[Prusa_User_Manual|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[:Category:Prusa_Development|Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
RepRap în mărimea originală, Orientat spre Rigiditate Structurala şi Uşurinţa Asamblării<br />
* [[MendelMax|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[MendelMax_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[MendelMax_Build_Manual|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[MendelMax_User_Manual|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[:Category:MendelMax_Development|Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
RepRap mai mic pentru a reduce numărul pieselor componente şi complexitatea construcţiei<br />
* [[Wallace|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Wallace_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[Wallace_Build_Manual|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[Wallace_User_Manual|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[:Category:Wallace_Development|Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Mendel Original'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel Original]]<br />
<br />
Primul design Mendel: complet funcţional, dar mult mai complicat decât variantele mai recente<br />
* [[Mendel|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Build_Manual|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[Mendel_User_Manual|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[:Category:Mendel_Development|Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
RepRap mai mic pentru a reduce numărul pieselor componente şi pentru portabilitate.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Huxley_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
Design RepRap pentru printare 3D cu mai multe materiale/culori.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|Cum să-l obţii?]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Cum să-l construieşti?]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|Cum să-l foloseşti?]]<br />
* [[Îmbunătăţiri]]<br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
<div id="mainPage.news.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
|desc=0<br />
|date=y<br />
|targ=n<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Pentru istoricul complet [http://blog.reprap.org/ Blogul Echipei Nucleu].<br />
<br />
Vezi de asemenea [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Un Blog RepRap Aggregator] şi [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - Un Blog RepRap Aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| Comunitate]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| Categorii]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;"> Imprimante 3D RepRap mai vechi. Design-urile pentru aceste imprimante au fost înlocuite cu design-uri mai noi (dacă decizi să le construieşti o faci pe cont propriu).</center><br />
<br />
<center>Dacă RepRap este o noutate pentru tine, ar trebui probabil să începi cu [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (dacă vrei o construcţie de volum mare) sau [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (dacă vrei o maşină de dimensiuni mici).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Huxley Original'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley Original]]<br />
<br />
Mini RepRap Original<br />
* [[Huxley|Prezentare generală]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
Primul RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Prezentare generală]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| Comunitate]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| Categorii]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82665RepRap/ro2013-02-19T10:24:25Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>:: TO BE TRANSLATED ::<br />
<br />
{{Languages|RepRap}}<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Bine aţi venit la <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
<br />
[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''ŞTIRI: Veniţi la [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Evenimentul "Inside 3D Printing" din New York City]! Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 22-23 Aprilie 2013. Am aranjat ca reprapper-ii (adică voi!) să primiţi un discount special de 15% pentru admitere - menţionaţi codul RRP15.'''<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al omenirii cu scopul de a crea o [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|maşină de producţie cu capacităţi de auto-replicare]].<br />
<br />
<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs [[wikipedia:Free_software|gratis]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil să printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. De vreme ce multe dintre componentele RepRap sunt făcute din plastic, RepRap fiind cel care printează acele componente, se poate spune că RepRap este capabil de auto-replicare. RepRap poate produce un set de componente proprii pe care oricine îl poate folosi pentru asamblarea unui RepRap. Aceasta înseamnă totodată că, odata ce deţii un RepRap, poţi sa printezi [http://thingiverse.com o mulţime de piese folositoare] şi, prin urmare, poţi [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|tipări un alt RepRap]] pentru un [[Loaner Program|prieten]]...<br />
<br />
'''RepRap înseamnă construirea de maşini capabile de auto-replicare''' şi punerea proiectelor lor la dispoziţia oricui. Folosim imprimare 3D pentru a realiza acest lucru, dar daca dispui de alte tehnologii de replicare ce pot fi puse la dispoziţia tuturor în mod gratuit, atunci acesta este locul potrivit pentru tine.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org este un proiect al comunităţii''', ceea ce înseamnă că eşti binevenit să editezi majoritatea paginilor din cadrul acestui site, sau chiar sa creezi pagini proprii. Paginile portalelor [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] şi [[Development|New Development]] au multe informaţii legate de modalităţi de a te implica. Foloseşte link-urile de mai jos si din stânga pentru a explora conţinutul site-ului. Vei găsi conţinut parţial sau complet [[RepRapWiki:Translations|tradus în alte limbi]].<br />
<br />
'''RepRap''' a fost prima imprimantă 3D low-cost, iar Proiectul RepRap a declanşat revoluţia imprimantelor 3D open-source. A ajuns să fie cea mai utilizată imprimantă 3D la scară largă în rândul membrilor Comunităţii de Producători: [[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
<br />
<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Disponibil aici].</small><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top"><br />
<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|Despre]] | [http://thingiverse.com Obiecte RepRap] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Comunitate]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Ajutor şi suport]]</center><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Construieşte o maşină RepRap </center><br />
<br />
<center>Dacă RepRap este o noutate pentru tine, ar trebui probabil să începi cu [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (dacă vrei o construcţie de volum mare) sau [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (dacă vrei o maşină de dimensiuni mici).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2 | '''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
RepRap în mărimea originală, Orientat spre Costuri Mici si Uşurinţa de Furnizare a Componentelor<br />
* [[Prusa|Prezentare generală]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Prusa}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
RepRap în mărimea originală, Orientat spre Rigiditate Structurala şi Uşurinţa Asamblării<br />
* [[MendelMax|Prezentare generală]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=MendelMax}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
RepRap mai mic pentru a reduce numărul pieselor componente şi complexitatea construcţiei<br />
* [[Wallace|Prezentare generală]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Wallace}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Mendel Original'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel Original]]<br />
<br />
Primul design Mendel: complet funcţional, dar mult mai complicat decât variantele mai recente<br />
* [[Mendel|Prezentare generală]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Mendel}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
RepRap mai mic pentru a reduce numărul pieselor componente şi pentru portabilitate.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|Cum poţi obţine un RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Cum să construieşti un RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|Cum să foloseşti un RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[Îmbunătăţiri pentru RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
Design RepRap pentru printare 3D cu mai multe materiale/culori.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Prezentare generală]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|Cum poţi obţine un RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|um să construieşti un RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|Cum să foloseşti un RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[Îmbunătăţiri pentru RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
<div id="mainPage.news.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
|desc=0<br />
|date=y<br />
|targ=n<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Pentru istoricul complet [http://blog.reprap.org/ Blogul Echipei Nucleu].<br />
<br />
Vezi de asemenea [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Un Blog RepRap Aggregator] şi [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - Un Blog RepRap Aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| Comunitate]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| Categorii]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;"> Imprimante 3D RepRap mai vechi. Design-urile pentru aceste imprimante au fost înlocuite cu design-uri mai noi (dacă decizi să le construieşti o faci pe cont propriu).</center><br />
<br />
<center>Dacă RepRap este o noutate pentru tine, ar trebui probabil să începi cu [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (dacă vrei o construcţie de volum mare) sau [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (dacă vrei o maşină de dimensiuni mici).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Huxley Original'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley original]]<br />
<br />
The Original Mini RepRap<br />
* [[Huxley|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
Primul RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Prezentare generală]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| Comunitate]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| Categorii]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82653RepRap/ro2013-02-19T08:40:46Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>:: TO BE TRANSLATED ::<br />
<br />
{{Languages|RepRap}}<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Bine aţi venit la <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
<br />
[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''ŞTIRI: Veniţi la [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Evenimentul "Inside 3D Printing" din New York City]! Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 22-23 Aprilie 2013. Am aranjat ca reprapper-ii (adică voi!) să primiţi un discount special de 15% pentru admitere - menţionaţi codul RRP15.'''<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al omenirii cu scopul de a crea o [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|maşină de producţie cu capacităţi de auto-replicare]].<br />
<br />
<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs [[wikipedia:Free_software|gratis]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil să printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. De vreme ce multe dintre componentele RepRap sunt făcute din plastic, RepRap fiind cel care printează acele componente, se poate spune că RepRap este capabil de auto-replicare. RepRap poate produce un set de componente proprii pe care oricine îl poate folosi pentru asamblarea unui RepRap. Aceasta înseamnă totodată că, odata ce deţii un RepRap, poţi sa printezi [http://thingiverse.com o mulţime de piese folositoare] şi, prin urmare, poţi [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|tipări un alt RepRap]] pentru un [[Loaner Program|prieten]]...<br />
<br />
'''RepRap înseamnă construirea de maşini capabile de auto-replicare''' şi punerea proiectelor lor la dispoziţia oricui. Folosim imprimare 3D pentru a realiza acest lucru, dar daca dispui de alte tehnologii de replicare ce pot fi puse la dispoziţia tuturor în mod gratuit, atunci acesta este locul potrivit pentru tine.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org este un proiect al comunităţii''', ceea ce înseamnă că eşti binevenit să editezi majoritatea paginilor din cadrul acestui site, sau chiar sa creezi pagini proprii. Paginile portalelor [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] şi [[Development|New Development]] au multe informaţii legate de modalităţi de a te implica. Foloseşte link-urile de mai jos si din stânga pentru a explora conţinutul site-ului. Vei găsi conţinut parţial sau complet [[RepRapWiki:Translations|tradus în alte limbi]].<br />
<br />
'''RepRap''' a fost prima imprimantă 3D low-cost, iar Proiectul RepRap a declanşat revoluţia imprimantelor 3D open-source. A ajuns să fie cea mai utilizată imprimantă 3D la scară largă în rândul membrilor Comunităţii de Producători: [[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
<br />
<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Disponibil aici].</small><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top"><br />
<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|Despre]] | [http://thingiverse.com Obiecte RepRap] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Comunitate]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Ajutor şi suport]]</center><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Construieşte o maşină RepRap/center><br />
<br />
<center>Dacă RepRap este o noutate, ar trebui probabil să începi cu [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (daca vrei o construcţie de volum mare) sau [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (dacă vrei o maşină de dimensiuni mici).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2 | '''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
RepRap în mărimea originală, Orientat spre Costuri Mici si Uşurinţa de Furnizare a Componentelor<br />
* [[Prusa|Prezentare generală]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Prusa}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap Focused on Structural Rigidity and Ease of Assembly<br />
* [[MendelMax|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=MendelMax}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap designed to reduce part count and minimize complexity of build<br />
* [[Wallace|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Wallace}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Original Mendel]]<br />
<br />
The first Mendel design: fully functional, but more complicated than later variants<br />
* [[Mendel|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Mendel}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap design to reduce part count and give portability.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|How to build RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
RepRap design to extend to multi-material/colour 3D printing.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|How to build RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
<div id="mainPage.news.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
|desc=0<br />
|date=y<br />
|targ=n<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
For the full history see [http://blog.reprap.org/ The Core Team Blog].<br />
<br />
See also the [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Rep Rap Blog Aggregator] and the [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - A RepRap blog aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Legacy RepRap 3D Printers. These designs have been replaced by more recent ones (so build them at your own risk).</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|original Huxley]]<br />
<br />
The Original Mini RepRap<br />
* [[Huxley|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
The first RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| ]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82619RepRap/ro2013-02-18T23:26:30Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>:: TO BE TRANSLATED ::<br />
<br />
{{Languages|RepRap}}<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Bine aţi venit la <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
<br />
[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''ŞTIRI: Veniţi la [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Evenimentul "Inside 3D Printing" din New York City]! Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 22-23 Aprilie 2013. Am aranjat ca reprapper-ii (adică voi!) să primiţi un discount special de 15% pentru admitere - menţionaţi codul RRP15.'''<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al omenirii cu scopul de a crea o [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|maşină de producţie cu capacităţi de auto-replicare]].<br />
<br />
<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs [[wikipedia:Free_software|gratis]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil să printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. De vreme ce multe dintre componentele RepRap sunt făcute din plastic, RepRap fiind cel care printează acele componente, se poate spune că RepRap este capabil de auto-replicare. RepRap poate produce un set de componente proprii pe care oricine îl poate folosi pentru asamblarea unui RepRap. Aceasta înseamnă totodată că, odata ce deţii un RepRap, poţi sa printezi [http://thingiverse.com o mulţime de piese folositoare] şi, prin urmare, poţi [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|tipări un alt RepRap]] pentru un [[Loaner Program|prieten]]...<br />
<br />
'''RepRap înseamnă construirea de maşini capabile de auto-replicare''' şi punerea proiectelor lor la dispoziţia oricui. Folosim imprimare 3D pentru a realiza acest lucru, dar daca dispui de alte tehnologii de replicare ce pot fi puse la dispoziţia tuturor în mod gratuit, atunci acesta este locul potrivit pentru tine.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org este un proiect al comunităţii''', ceea ce înseamnă că eşti binevenit să editezi majoritatea paginilor din cadrul acestui site, sau chiar sa creezi pagini proprii. Paginile portalelor [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] şi [[Development|New Development]] au multe informaţii legate de modalităţi de a te implica. Foloseşte link-urile de mai jos si din stânga pentru a explora conţinutul site-ului. Vei găsi conţinut parţial sau complet [[RepRapWiki:Translations|tradus în alte limbi]].<br />
<br />
'''RepRap''' a fost prima imprimantă 3D low-cost, iar Proiectul RepRap a declanşat revoluţia imprimantelor 3D open-source. It has become the most widely-used 3D printer among the global members of the Maker Community:<br />
<br />
[[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
<br />
<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Available here].</small><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top"><br />
<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|About]] | [http://thingiverse.com RepRappable Objects] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Community]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Help and support]]</center><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Build a RepRap Machine</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2 | '''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap, Focused On Low Cost and Ease of Sourcing <br />
* [[Prusa|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Prusa}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap Focused on Structural Rigidity and Ease of Assembly<br />
* [[MendelMax|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=MendelMax}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap designed to reduce part count and minimize complexity of build<br />
* [[Wallace|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Wallace}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Original Mendel]]<br />
<br />
The first Mendel design: fully functional, but more complicated than later variants<br />
* [[Mendel|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Mendel}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap design to reduce part count and give portability.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|How to build RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
RepRap design to extend to multi-material/colour 3D printing.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|How to build RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
<div id="mainPage.news.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
|desc=0<br />
|date=y<br />
|targ=n<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
For the full history see [http://blog.reprap.org/ The Core Team Blog].<br />
<br />
See also the [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Rep Rap Blog Aggregator] and the [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - A RepRap blog aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Legacy RepRap 3D Printers. These designs have been replaced by more recent ones (so build them at your own risk).</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|original Huxley]]<br />
<br />
The Original Mini RepRap<br />
* [[Huxley|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
The first RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| ]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82618RepRap/ro2013-02-18T21:53:51Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>:: TO BE TRANSLATED ::<br />
<br />
{{Languages|RepRap}}<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Bine aţi venit la <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
<br />
[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''ŞTIRI: Veniţi la [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Evenimentul "Inside 3D Printing" din New York City]! Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 22-23 Aprilie 2013. Am aranjat ca reprapper-ii (adică voi!) să primiţi un discount special de 15% pentru admitere - menţionaţi codul RRP15.'''<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al omenirii cu scopul de a crea o [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|maşină de producţie cu capacităţi de auto-replicare]].<br />
<br />
<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs [[wikipedia:Free_software|gratis]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil să printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. De vreme ce multe dintre componentele RepRap sunt făcute din plastic, RepRap fiind cel care printează acele componente, se poate spune că RepRap este capabil de auto-replicare. RepRap poate produce un set de componente proprii pe care oricine îl poate folosi pentru asamblarea unui RepRap. Aceasta înseamnă totodată că, odata ce deţii un RepRap, poţi sa printezi [http://thingiverse.com o mulţime de piese folositoare] şi, prin urmare, poţi [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|tipări un alt RepRap]] pentru un [[Loaner Program|prieten]]...<br />
<br />
'''RepRap înseamnă construirea de maşini capabile de auto-replicare''' şi punerea proiectelor lor la dispoziţia oricui. Folosim imprimare 3D pentru a realiza acest lucru, dar daca dispui de alte tehnologii de replicare ce pot fi puse la dispoziţia tuturor în mod gratuit, atunci acesta este locul potrivit pentru tine.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org is a community project''', which means you are welcome to edit most pages on this site, or better yet, create new pages of your own. Our [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] and [[Development|New Development]] pages have more information on how to get involved. Use the links below and on the left to explore the site contents. You'll find some content [[RepRapWiki:Translations|translated into other languages]].<br />
<br />
'''RepRap''' was the first of the low-cost 3D printers, and the RepRap Project started the open-source 3D printer revolution. It has become the most widely-used 3D printer among the global members of the Maker Community:<br />
<br />
[[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
<br />
<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Available here].</small><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top"><br />
<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|About]] | [http://thingiverse.com RepRappable Objects] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Community]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Help and support]]</center><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Build a RepRap Machine</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2 | '''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap, Focused On Low Cost and Ease of Sourcing <br />
* [[Prusa|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Prusa}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap Focused on Structural Rigidity and Ease of Assembly<br />
* [[MendelMax|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=MendelMax}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap designed to reduce part count and minimize complexity of build<br />
* [[Wallace|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Wallace}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Original Mendel]]<br />
<br />
The first Mendel design: fully functional, but more complicated than later variants<br />
* [[Mendel|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Mendel}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap design to reduce part count and give portability.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|How to build RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
RepRap design to extend to multi-material/colour 3D printing.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|How to build RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
<div id="mainPage.news.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
|desc=0<br />
|date=y<br />
|targ=n<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
For the full history see [http://blog.reprap.org/ The Core Team Blog].<br />
<br />
See also the [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Rep Rap Blog Aggregator] and the [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - A RepRap blog aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Legacy RepRap 3D Printers. These designs have been replaced by more recent ones (so build them at your own risk).</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|original Huxley]]<br />
<br />
The Original Mini RepRap<br />
* [[Huxley|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
The first RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| ]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82617RepRap/ro2013-02-18T21:19:05Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>:: TO BE TRANSLATED ::<br />
<br />
{{Languages|RepRap}}<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Bine aţi venit la <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
<br />
[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''ŞTIRI: Veniţi la [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Evenimentul "Inside 3D Printing" din New York City]! Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 22-23 Aprilie 2013. Am aranjat ca reprapper-ii (adică voi!) să primiţi un discount special de 15% pentru admitere - menţionaţi codul RRP15.'''<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al omenirii cu scopul de a crea o [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|maşină de producţie cu capacităţi de auto-replicare]].<br />
<br />
<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs [[wikipedia:Free_software|gratis]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil să printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. De vreme ce multe dintre componentele RepRap sunt făcute din plastic, RepRap fiind cel care printează acele componente, se poate spune că RepRap este capabil de auto-replicare. RepRap poate produce un set de componente proprii pe care oricine îl poate folosi pentru asamblarea unui RepRap. Aceasta înseamnă totodată că, odata ce deţii un RepRap, poţi sa printezi [http://thingiverse.com o mulţime de piese folositoare] şi, prin urmare, poţi [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|tipări un alt RepRap]] pentru un [[Loaner Program|prieten]]...<br />
<br />
'''RepRap înseamnă construirea de maşini capabile de auto-replicare''', şi punerea proiectelor lor la dispoziţia oricui. We are using 3D printing to do this, but if you have other technologies that can copy themselves and that can be made freely available to all, then this is the place for you too.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org is a community project''', which means you are welcome to edit most pages on this site, or better yet, create new pages of your own. Our [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] and [[Development|New Development]] pages have more information on how to get involved. Use the links below and on the left to explore the site contents. You'll find some content [[RepRapWiki:Translations|translated into other languages]].<br />
<br />
'''RepRap''' was the first of the low-cost 3D printers, and the RepRap Project started the open-source 3D printer revolution. It has become the most widely-used 3D printer among the global members of the Maker Community:<br />
<br />
[[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
<br />
<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Available here].</small><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top"><br />
<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|About]] | [http://thingiverse.com RepRappable Objects] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Community]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Help and support]]</center><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Build a RepRap Machine</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2 | '''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap, Focused On Low Cost and Ease of Sourcing <br />
* [[Prusa|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Prusa}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap Focused on Structural Rigidity and Ease of Assembly<br />
* [[MendelMax|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=MendelMax}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap designed to reduce part count and minimize complexity of build<br />
* [[Wallace|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Wallace}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Original Mendel]]<br />
<br />
The first Mendel design: fully functional, but more complicated than later variants<br />
* [[Mendel|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Mendel}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap design to reduce part count and give portability.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|How to build RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
RepRap design to extend to multi-material/colour 3D printing.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|How to build RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
<div id="mainPage.news.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
|desc=0<br />
|date=y<br />
|targ=n<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
For the full history see [http://blog.reprap.org/ The Core Team Blog].<br />
<br />
See also the [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Rep Rap Blog Aggregator] and the [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - A RepRap blog aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Legacy RepRap 3D Printers. These designs have been replaced by more recent ones (so build them at your own risk).</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|original Huxley]]<br />
<br />
The Original Mini RepRap<br />
* [[Huxley|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
The first RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| ]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Translations&diff=82616Translations2013-02-18T21:14:05Z<p>Dorin dragan: /* Rep Rap Wiki Translations */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page lists all current translations of RepRap documentation. You'll find some content translated into other languages, but the primary documentation language is English.<br />
<br />
==Rep Rap Wiki Translations==<br />
* [[RepRap/fr|RepRap en français - RepRap in French]]<br />
* [[RepRap/de|RepRap auf Deutsch - RepRap in German]]<br />
* [[RepRap/es|RepRap en español - RepRap in Spanish]]<br />
* [[RepRap/it|RepRap in italiano - RepRap in Italian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/ru|RepRap по-русски - RepRap in Russian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/pt|RepRap em Português - RepRap in Portuguese]]<br />
* [[RepRap/pl|RepRap po Polsku - RepRap in Polish]]<br />
* [[RepRap/ja|日本語によるRepRap紹介 - RepRap in Japanese]]<br />
* [[RepRap/lv|RepRap latviešu valodā - RepRap in Latvian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/lt|RepRap Lietuviškai - RepRap in Lithuania]]<br />
* [[RepRap/kr|한국어소개- RepRap in Korean]]<br />
* [[RepRap/zh|汉语- RepRap in Chinese]]<br />
* [[RepRap/zh_tw|繁體中文- RepRap in Traditional Chinese]]<br />
* [[RepRap/el|RepRap στα Ελληνικά - RepRap in Greek]]<br />
* [[RepRap/ar|ريب راب بالعربية - RepRap in Arabic]]<br />
* [[RepRap/ca|RepRap en Català - RepRap in Catalan]]<br />
* [[RepRap/nl|RepRap in het Nederlands - RepRap in Dutch]]<br />
* [[RepRap/no|RepRap på Norsk - RepRap in Norwegian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/cs|RepRap česky - RepRap in Czech]]<br />
* [[RepRap/hu|RepRap magyarul - RepRap in Hungarian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/hr|RepRap na hrvatskom - RepRap in Croatian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/ro|RepRap în română - RepRap în Română]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Community]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82565RepRap/ro2013-02-18T14:11:30Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>:: TO BE TRANSLATED ::<br />
<br />
{{Languages|RepRap}}<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Bine aţi venit la <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
<br />
[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''ŞTIRI: Veniţi la [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Evenimentul "Inside 3D Printing" din New York City]! Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 22-23 Aprilie 2013. Am aranjat ca reprapper-ii (adică voi!) să primiţi un discount special de 15% pentru admitere - menţionaţi codul RRP15.'''<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al omenirii cu scopul de a crea o [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|maşină de producţie cu capacităţi de auto-replicare]].<br />
<br />
<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs [[wikipedia:Free_software|gratis]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil să printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. De vreme ce multe dintre componentele RepRap sunt făcute din plastic, RepRap fiind cel care printează acele componente, se poate spune că RepRap este capabil de auto-replicare. RepRap poate produce un set de componente proprii pe care oricine îl poate folosi pentru asamblarea unui RepRap. Aceasta înseamnă totodată că, odata cu deţii un RepRap, poţi sa printezi [http://thingiverse.com o mulţime de piese folositoare] şi, prin urmare, poţi [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|tipării un alt RepRap]] pentru un [[Loaner Program|prieten]]...<br />
<br />
'''RepRap înseamnă construirea de maşini capabile de auto-replicare''', şi punerea proiectelor lor la dispoziţia oricui. We are using 3D printing to do this, but if you have other technologies that can copy themselves and that can be made freely available to all, then this is the place for you too.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org is a community project''', which means you are welcome to edit most pages on this site, or better yet, create new pages of your own. Our [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] and [[Development|New Development]] pages have more information on how to get involved. Use the links below and on the left to explore the site contents. You'll find some content [[RepRapWiki:Translations|translated into other languages]].<br />
<br />
'''RepRap''' was the first of the low-cost 3D printers, and the RepRap Project started the open-source 3D printer revolution. It has become the most widely-used 3D printer among the global members of the Maker Community:<br />
<br />
[[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
<br />
<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Available here].</small><br />
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</td><br />
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<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
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</tr><br />
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<br />
<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|About]] | [http://thingiverse.com RepRappable Objects] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Community]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Help and support]]</center><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Build a RepRap Machine</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2 | '''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap, Focused On Low Cost and Ease of Sourcing <br />
* [[Prusa|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Prusa}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap Focused on Structural Rigidity and Ease of Assembly<br />
* [[MendelMax|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=MendelMax}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap designed to reduce part count and minimize complexity of build<br />
* [[Wallace|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Wallace}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Original Mendel]]<br />
<br />
The first Mendel design: fully functional, but more complicated than later variants<br />
* [[Mendel|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Mendel}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap design to reduce part count and give portability.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|How to build RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
RepRap design to extend to multi-material/colour 3D printing.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|How to build RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
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|}<br />
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</center><br />
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<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
<div id="mainPage.news.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
|desc=0<br />
|date=y<br />
|targ=n<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
For the full history see [http://blog.reprap.org/ The Core Team Blog].<br />
<br />
See also the [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Rep Rap Blog Aggregator] and the [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - A RepRap blog aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Legacy RepRap 3D Printers. These designs have been replaced by more recent ones (so build them at your own risk).</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|original Huxley]]<br />
<br />
The Original Mini RepRap<br />
* [[Huxley|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
The first RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| ]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82561RepRap/ro2013-02-18T13:21:00Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>:: TO BE TRANSLATED ::<br />
<br />
{{Languages|RepRap}}<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Bine aţi venit la <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
<br />
[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''ŞTIRI: Veniţi la [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Evenimentul "Inside 3D Printing" din New York City]! Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 22-23 Aprilie 2013. Am aranjat ca reprapper-ii (adică voi!) să primiţi un discount special de 15% pentru admitere - menţionaţi codul RRP15.'''<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al omenirii cu scopul de a crea o [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|maşină de producţie cu capacităţi de auto-replicare]].<br />
<br />
<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs [[wikipedia:Free_software|gratis]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil să printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. De vreme ce multe dintre componentele RepRap sunt făcute din plastic, RepRap fiind cel care printează acele componente, se poate spune că RepRap este capabil de auto-replicare. RepRap poate produce un set de componente proprii pe care oricine îl poate folosi pentru asamblarea unui RepRap. Aceasta înseamnă totodată că, odata cu deţii un RepRap, poţi sa printezi [http://thingiverse.com o mulţime de piese folositoare] şi, prin urmare, poţi [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|tipării un alt RepRap]] pentru un [[Loaner Program|prieten]]...<br />
<br />
'''RepRap is about making self-replicating machines''', and making them freely available for the benefit of everyone. We are using 3D printing to do this, but if you have other technologies that can copy themselves and that can be made freely available to all, then this is the place for you too.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org is a community project''', which means you are welcome to edit most pages on this site, or better yet, create new pages of your own. Our [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] and [[Development|New Development]] pages have more information on how to get involved. Use the links below and on the left to explore the site contents. You'll find some content [[RepRapWiki:Translations|translated into other languages]].<br />
<br />
'''RepRap''' was the first of the low-cost 3D printers, and the RepRap Project started the open-source 3D printer revolution. It has become the most widely-used 3D printer among the global members of the Maker Community:<br />
<br />
[[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
<br />
<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Available here].</small><br />
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</td><br />
<td valign="top"><br />
<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|About]] | [http://thingiverse.com RepRappable Objects] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Community]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Help and support]]</center><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Build a RepRap Machine</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2 | '''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap, Focused On Low Cost and Ease of Sourcing <br />
* [[Prusa|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Prusa}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap Focused on Structural Rigidity and Ease of Assembly<br />
* [[MendelMax|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=MendelMax}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap designed to reduce part count and minimize complexity of build<br />
* [[Wallace|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Wallace}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Original Mendel]]<br />
<br />
The first Mendel design: fully functional, but more complicated than later variants<br />
* [[Mendel|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Mendel}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap design to reduce part count and give portability.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|How to build RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
RepRap design to extend to multi-material/colour 3D printing.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|How to build RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
<div id="mainPage.news.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
|desc=0<br />
|date=y<br />
|targ=n<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
For the full history see [http://blog.reprap.org/ The Core Team Blog].<br />
<br />
See also the [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Rep Rap Blog Aggregator] and the [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - A RepRap blog aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Legacy RepRap 3D Printers. These designs have been replaced by more recent ones (so build them at your own risk).</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|original Huxley]]<br />
<br />
The Original Mini RepRap<br />
* [[Huxley|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
The first RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| ]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82560RepRap/ro2013-02-18T13:08:10Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>:: TO BE TRANSLATED ::<br />
<br />
{{Languages|RepRap}}<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Welcome to <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
<tr><br />
<td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;"><br />
<br />
[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''ŞTIRI: Veniţi la [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Evenimentul "Inside 3D Printing" din New York City]! Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 22-23 Aprilie 2013. Am aranjat ca reprapper-ii (adica voi!) sa primiţi un discount special de 15% pentru admitere - menţionaţi codul RRP15.'''<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al umanităţii cu scopul de [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|self-replicating manufacturing machine]].<br />
<br />
<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs gratis[[wikipedia:Free_software|free]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil sa printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. Since many parts of RepRap are made from plastic and RepRap prints those parts, RepRap self-replicates by making a kit of itself - a kit that anyone can assemble given time and materials. It also means that - if you've got a RepRap - you can print [http://thingiverse.com lots of useful stuff], and you can [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|print another RepRap]] for a [[Loaner Program|friend]]...<br />
<br />
'''RepRap is about making self-replicating machines''', and making them freely available for the benefit of everyone. We are using 3D printing to do this, but if you have other technologies that can copy themselves and that can be made freely available to all, then this is the place for you too.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org is a community project''', which means you are welcome to edit most pages on this site, or better yet, create new pages of your own. Our [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] and [[Development|New Development]] pages have more information on how to get involved. Use the links below and on the left to explore the site contents. You'll find some content [[RepRapWiki:Translations|translated into other languages]].<br />
<br />
'''RepRap''' was the first of the low-cost 3D printers, and the RepRap Project started the open-source 3D printer revolution. It has become the most widely-used 3D printer among the global members of the Maker Community:<br />
<br />
[[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
<br />
<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Available here].</small><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</td><br />
<td valign="top"><br />
<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
</td><br />
</tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
<br />
<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|About]] | [http://thingiverse.com RepRappable Objects] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Community]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Help and support]]</center><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Build a RepRap Machine</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2 | '''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap, Focused On Low Cost and Ease of Sourcing <br />
* [[Prusa|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Prusa}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap Focused on Structural Rigidity and Ease of Assembly<br />
* [[MendelMax|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=MendelMax}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap designed to reduce part count and minimize complexity of build<br />
* [[Wallace|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Wallace}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Original Mendel]]<br />
<br />
The first Mendel design: fully functional, but more complicated than later variants<br />
* [[Mendel|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Mendel}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap design to reduce part count and give portability.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|How to build RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
RepRap design to extend to multi-material/colour 3D printing.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|How to build RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
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{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
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<br />
For the full history see [http://blog.reprap.org/ The Core Team Blog].<br />
<br />
See also the [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Rep Rap Blog Aggregator] and the [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - A RepRap blog aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Legacy RepRap 3D Printers. These designs have been replaced by more recent ones (so build them at your own risk).</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|original Huxley]]<br />
<br />
The Original Mini RepRap<br />
* [[Huxley|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
The first RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| ]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82559RepRap/ro2013-02-18T12:56:57Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>:: TO BE TRANSLATED ::<br />
<br />
{{Languages|RepRap}}<br />
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__NOTOC__<br />
<div id="mainPage.intro" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa;"><br />
<h1 id="mainPage.title" style="background:#eeeeee; color:#cf7606; padding: 0.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 200%;">Welcome to <span id="projectName" style="color:#005288;">RepRap.org</span></h1><br />
<div id="mainPage.intro.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><br />
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[[File:Inside3DPrinting150x150.jpg|left|link=http://www.inside3dprinting.com]]'''NEWS: Come to the [http://www.inside3dprinting.com/ Inside 3D Printing event in New York City]! The event runs from April 22-23 2013. We have arranged for reprappers (that's you!) to get a special 15% discount on admission - quote the code RRP15.'''<br />
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<b><font size="+2">RepRap</font></b> este primul proiect al umanităţii cu scopul de [[wikipedia:Self-replicating machine|self-replicating manufacturing machine]].<br />
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<b>RepRap</b> ia forma unui produs gratis[[wikipedia:Free_software|free]] [[wikipedia:3D printing|desktop 3D printer]] capabil sa printeze obiecte 3D din plastic. Since many parts of RepRap are made from plastic and RepRap prints those parts, RepRap self-replicates by making a kit of itself - a kit that anyone can assemble given time and materials. It also means that - if you've got a RepRap - you can print [http://thingiverse.com lots of useful stuff], and you can [[Media:Three_mendels_parent_children.jpg|print another RepRap]] for a [[Loaner Program|friend]]...<br />
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'''RepRap is about making self-replicating machines''', and making them freely available for the benefit of everyone. We are using 3D printing to do this, but if you have other technologies that can copy themselves and that can be made freely available to all, then this is the place for you too.<br />
<br />
'''Reprap.org is a community project''', which means you are welcome to edit most pages on this site, or better yet, create new pages of your own. Our [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|community portal]] and [[Development|New Development]] pages have more information on how to get involved. Use the links below and on the left to explore the site contents. You'll find some content [[RepRapWiki:Translations|translated into other languages]].<br />
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'''RepRap''' was the first of the low-cost 3D printers, and the RepRap Project started the open-source 3D printer revolution. It has become the most widely-used 3D printer among the global members of the Maker Community:<br />
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[[File:3D-printing-user-chart.png|center]]<br />
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<small>Source: Moilanen, J. & Vadén, T.: Manufacturing in motion: first survey on the 3D printing community, ''Statistical Studies of Peer Production''. [http://surveys.peerproduction.net/2012/05/manufacturing-in-motion/ Available here].</small><br />
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<videoflash type="vimeo">5202148</videoflash><br />
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<center style="font-weight:bold;size=+5px">[[RepRapWiki:About|About]] | [http://thingiverse.com RepRappable Objects] | [[RepRapWiki:Community portal|Community]] | [[RepRapWiki:Help|Help and support]]</center><br />
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<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Build a RepRap Machine</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="5px"<br />
|{{Notice2 | '''Prusa Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|thumb|Prusa Mendel|x120px]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap, Focused On Low Cost and Ease of Sourcing <br />
* [[Prusa|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Prusa}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
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|{{Notice2|'''MendelMax'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mendelmax.jpg|x120px|thumb|MendelMax]]<br />
<br />
Full-sized RepRap Focused on Structural Rigidity and Ease of Assembly<br />
* [[MendelMax|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=MendelMax}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
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|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Wallace'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Wallace.jpg|x120px|thumb|Wallace]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap designed to reduce part count and minimize complexity of build<br />
* [[Wallace|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Wallace}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Original Mendel]]<br />
<br />
The first Mendel design: fully functional, but more complicated than later variants<br />
* [[Mendel|Overview]]<br />
{{RepRap Links|<br />
* |prefix=* |name=Mendel}}|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|x120px|thumb|Huxley]]<br />
<br />
Smaller RepRap design to reduce part count and give portability.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley|How to build RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Huxley_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Huxley improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|align=left|'''RepRapPro Mendel'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|Mendel]]<br />
<br />
RepRap design to extend to multi-material/colour 3D printing.<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|Overview]]<br />
* [[Mendel_Buyers_Guide|How to get RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel|How to build RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_commissioning|How to use RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
* [[RepRapPro Mendel improvements]]<br />
}}<br />
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|}<br />
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</center><br />
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<br />
<div id="mainPage.news" style="border: solid 1px #aaaaaa; padding: 0px;"><br />
<h2 id="mainPage.news.title" style="background:#eeeeee; font-size: 105%; line-height: 120%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; margin:0px;padding: 0.4em;"><br />
[[Image:20px-Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|frameless|right]]News Feed</h2><br />
<div id="mainPage.news.text" style="padding:0px 10px 10px;"><br />
{{#widget:Feed<br />
|feedurl=http://blog.reprap.org/rss.xml<br />
|chan=n<br />
|num=5<br />
|desc=0<br />
|date=y<br />
|targ=n<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
For the full history see [http://blog.reprap.org/ The Core Team Blog].<br />
<br />
See also the [http://pipes.yahoo.com/davidbuzz/reprap_aggregation_pipe Rep Rap Blog Aggregator] and the [http://planet.arcol.hu/ Planet Reprap - A RepRap blog aggregator].<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[:Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[:Category:Categories| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<center style="font-weight:Bold;">Legacy RepRap 3D Printers. These designs have been replaced by more recent ones (so build them at your own risk).</center><br />
<br />
<center>If you are new to RepRap, you should probably start with [[Prusa|Prusa Mendel]] (if you want a big build volume) or [[RepRapPro Huxley|Huxley]] (if you want a small machine).<br />
</center><br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| cellpadding="1px"<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Original Huxley'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:Mini-mendel.jpg|x120px|thumb|original Huxley]]<br />
<br />
The Original Mini RepRap<br />
* [[Huxley|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
|{{Notice2|'''Darwin'''|height=auto;padding:10px 20px;|<br />
[[File:All_3_axes_fdmd_sml.jpg|x120px|thumb|Darwin]]<br />
<br />
The first RepRap<br />
* [[Darwin|Overview]]<br />
<br><br><br><br><br />
|align=left|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
</center><br />
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<br><br />
<br />
[[Category:Community| ]]<br />
[[Category:Categories| ]]</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=RepRap/ro&diff=82558RepRap/ro2013-02-18T12:43:55Z<p>Dorin dragan: Created page with 'test'</p>
<hr />
<div>test</div>Dorin draganhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Translations&diff=82557Translations2013-02-18T12:39:00Z<p>Dorin dragan: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page lists all current translations of RepRap documentation. You'll find some content translated into other languages, but the primary documentation language is English.<br />
<br />
==Rep Rap Wiki Translations==<br />
* [[RepRap/fr|RepRap en français - RepRap in French]]<br />
* [[RepRap/de|RepRap auf Deutsch - RepRap in German]]<br />
* [[RepRap/es|RepRap en español - RepRap in Spanish]]<br />
* [[RepRap/it|RepRap in italiano - RepRap in Italian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/ru|RepRap по-русски - RepRap in Russian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/pt|RepRap em Português - RepRap in Portuguese]]<br />
* [[RepRap/pl|RepRap po Polsku - RepRap in Polish]]<br />
* [[RepRap/ja|日本語によるRepRap紹介 - RepRap in Japanese]]<br />
* [[RepRap/lv|RepRap latviešu valodā - RepRap in Latvian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/lt|RepRap Lietuviškai - RepRap in Lithuania]]<br />
* [[RepRap/kr|한국어소개- RepRap in Korean]]<br />
* [[RepRap/zh|汉语- RepRap in Chinese]]<br />
* [[RepRap/zh_tw|繁體中文- RepRap in Traditional Chinese]]<br />
* [[RepRap/el|RepRap στα Ελληνικά - RepRap in Greek]]<br />
* [[RepRap/ar|ريب راب بالعربية - RepRap in Arabic]]<br />
* [[RepRap/ca|RepRap en Català - RepRap in Catalan]]<br />
* [[RepRap/nl|RepRap in het Nederlands - RepRap in Dutch]]<br />
* [[RepRap/no|RepRap på Norsk - RepRap in Norwegian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/cs|RepRap česky - RepRap in Czech]]<br />
* [[RepRap/hu|RepRap magyarul - RepRap in Hungarian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/hr|RepRap na hrvatskom - RepRap in Croatian]]<br />
* [[RepRap/ro|RepRap în româneşte - RepRap în Româneşte]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Community]]</div>Dorin dragan