https://reprap.org/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Ahmedibrahim&feedformat=atomRepRap - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T20:30:54ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_30_3d_Printer&diff=190090Cairo 30 3d Printer2023-05-13T22:58:37Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo 30 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo30 3D Printer Side Image new edited.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo30 3d-printer! It’s our new premium creature with no compromises! The Cairo30 3d-printer is the culmination of our accumulated years of experience designing and producing open-source CNC machines kits. The Cairo30 3d-printer is a fully Open-source truly Reproducible 30x30x35cm 3d-printer with big features, unbeatable speed, and rigidity for such a small package.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/ , Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo30-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [-]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines]] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo 30 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo30 3d-printer! It’s our new premium creature with no compromises! The Cairo30 3d-printer is the culmination of our accumulated years of experience designing and producing open-source CNC machines kits.<br />
<br />
The Cairo30 3d-printer is a fully Open-source truly Reproducible 30x30x35cm 3d-printer with big features, unbeatable speed, and rigidity for such a small package.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo30 3D Printer Side Image new edited.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30 3D Printer Front Image.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30 feature01.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Template Cairo30 3D Printer Image.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55_side.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55_back.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo30-3d-printer/ , Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo30-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on SKR 1.4 Turbo. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Template_Cairo30_3D_Printer_Image.jpg&diff=190089File:Template Cairo30 3D Printer Image.jpg2023-05-13T22:58:27Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo30_feature01.jpg&diff=190088File:Cairo30 feature01.jpg2023-05-13T22:57:45Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_30_3d_Printer&diff=190087Cairo 30 3d Printer2023-05-13T22:26:46Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo 30 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo30 3D Printer Side Image new edited.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo30 3d-printer! It’s our new premium creature with no compromises! The Cairo30 3d-printer is the culmination of our accumulated years of experience designing and producing open-source CNC machines kits. The Cairo30 3d-printer is a fully Open-source truly Reproducible 30x30x35cm 3d-printer with big features, unbeatable speed, and rigidity for such a small package.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/ , Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo30-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [-]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines]] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo 30 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo30 3d-printer! It’s our new premium creature with no compromises! The Cairo30 3d-printer is the culmination of our accumulated years of experience designing and producing open-source CNC machines kits.<br />
<br />
The Cairo30 3d-printer is a fully Open-source truly Reproducible 30x30x35cm 3d-printer with big features, unbeatable speed, and rigidity for such a small package.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo30 3D Printer Side Image new edited.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30 3D Printer Front Image.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55_side.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55_back.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo30-3d-printer/ , Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo30-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on SKR 1.4 Turbo. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo30_3D_Printer_Front_Image.jpg&diff=190086File:Cairo30 3D Printer Front Image.jpg2023-05-13T22:26:17Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Build_a_RepRap&diff=190085Build a RepRap2023-05-13T22:24:54Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap Options}}<br />
{{merge from | Resources }}<br />
<br />
This page attempts to make some sense, in general, of how all the pieces fit together to create a RepRap.<br />
<br />
However, if you want to skip all this stuff and get straight to getting your hands dirty then your best bet is to take a look at [[The incomplete RepRap beginner's guide]] and the [[build instructions]] category. In addition to those guides, you may also want to take a look at the links under the [[RepRap Options#Models|Models]] section below.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRap Component Structure.]]<br />
<br />
That being said, to get a higher-level overview, we must start with discussing the different models of RepRaps, then go on to the four main components of a RepRap: <br />
* The software toolchain.<br />
* The electronics.<br />
* The mechanical body.<br />
* The extruder.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Models ==<br />
<br />
These days there are a growing number of many great and detailed [[build instructions]]<br />
for RepRaps! Click on the name below the pictures to see more about each design.<br />
<br />
If you're steampunk or just like to get away without commercial kits, there are also [[RepStrap]]s.<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Fisher]]<br />
File:kunprinter_pro.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:SimpleXL.jpg|[[TowerSimpleXL]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimpleXL]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''license:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:EM1-Light_ISO.jpg|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Light]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake EM1-Light]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Lui.png |[[case-rap 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Folda4.0-color.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPL|GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA|CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Atomxfirst.jpg|[[AtomX]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[AtomX]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:AdaptoFlex.jpg|[[Adapto Flex]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto Flex]]<br />
File:0Z3M2ab.jpg|[[E1x]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[E1x]]<br />
File:nelu_Delta_robot_v2.png|[[Nelu]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3d_printer_nelu]]<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Molestock]]<br />
File:2015-08-02_ToyREP-Final.jpg |[[ToyREP]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[ToyREP]]<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[XI3]]<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[ITopie]]<br />
File:magikisfabrikis.png|[[Magikis Fabrikis]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Magikis_Fabrikis]]<br />
File:Snappy_small_v3.0.png|[[Snappy 3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Snappy 3]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
File:3DoneP5.jpg|[[3Done]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[3Done]]<br />
File:JennyPrinter_minimalist.jpg|[[JennyPrinter minimalist]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[JennyPrinter_minimalist]]<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[SpatialOne]]<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')|link=[[RepRap Intro]]<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 ION.PNG|[[Prusa i3 ION]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 ION]]<br />
File:se1x_rrp.jpg.png|[[sE1X]] (''license: [[gpl]]'')|link=[[sE1x]]<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro_(Light).PNG|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]]<br />
File:reprap_pyramid_1.jpg|[[Reprap Pyramid]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Reprap Pyramid]]<br />
File:reprap_next_01.jpg|[[Reprap Next]] |link=[[ReprapNext]]<br />
File:I3-2xz.jpg|[[2Xz]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[2xz]]<br />
File:Chimera-Steel.jpg|[[Chimera]] |link=[[Chimera]]<br />
File:Kit_web.jpg |[[Egyptian RepRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Egyptian RepRap]]<br />
File:EM One+_1.3_1.png|[[EAGLEmake_EM One+]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake EM One+]]<br />
File:ctor-bot-view.png|[[.ctor-bot]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[.ctor-bot]]<br />
File:Mulbot.jpg|[[Mulbot]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mulbot]]<br />
File:MPM printer.jpeg|[[MPM]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MPM]]<br />
File:Cairo_mini_main_edited_ag.jpg|[[Cairo Mini 3d Printer]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer]]<br />
File:00header.jpg|[[Prusa3StarWarsEdition]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa3StarWarsEdition]]<br />
File:MiniMax|[[MiniMax]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[MiniMax]]<br />
File:Cairo30 3D Printer Side Image new edited.jpg|[[Cairo 30 3d Printer]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Cairo_30_3d_Printer]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Software Toolchain ==<br />
<br />
The software toolchain can be roughly broken down into 3 parts:<br />
# CAD tools.<br />
# CAM tools.<br />
# Firmware for electronics.<br />
<br />
=== CAD Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Design, or CAD, tools are used to design 3D parts for printing.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:Computer-aided_design|CAD tools]] in the truest sense are designed to allow you to easily change and manipulate parts based on parameters. Sometimes CAD files are referred to as ''parametric'' files. They usually represent parts or assemblies in terms of [[Wikipedia:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry]], or CSG. Using CSG, parts can be represented as a tree of boolean operations performed on primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, etc. <br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|Free/Libre/Open Source Software]] (''[[Wikipedia:Alternative_terms_for_free_software|FLOSS]]'') applications that fall into this category would be [[OpenSCAD]], [[FreeCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]]. Examples of [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|proprietary]] and fully parametric CAD tools are [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (formerly PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]].<br />
<br />
Typically in such programs the geometry is stored in a feature tree where the dimensions can be modified numerically, and the geometry is then regenerated with great precision. The geometry is a mathematical representation where, for example, a circle is generated from its center, radius and plane parameters (hence, "parametric"). No matter how much you zoom in, a circle is still curved, and the CAD program has no problem finding its center when you click on it. This can be quite beneficial when making drawings with dimensions between the circle and sections that need to be concentrically removed.<br />
<br />
Another looser category of CAD tool would be apps that represent parts as a 3D [[Wikipedia:Polygon mesh|Polygon mesh]]. These applications are meant to be used more for special effects and artistic applications. They also seem to be a little more user-friendly. [[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|FLOSS]]-apps in this category would be [[Wikipedia:Blender_(software)|Blender]] and [[Wikipedia:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|Proprietary]] tools are [[Wikipedia:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:Google_Sketchup|SketchUp]] and more.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, you can create forms with just a web-browser at certain websites, such as [http://tinkercad.com TinkerCAD.com] (easy) or [http://3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (more sophisticated), those permit you to download the resulting geometry.<br />
<br />
Some of the tools mentioned above also use parametric data to generate the geometries, but a lot just register the positions of the vertices of the polygons making up the models. Some use parameters to generate the geometry but then drops that data once the vertices are placed. A curve is thus actually an approximation, generated from a number of straight lines between points. As such, those tools are better suited for design where the precision of dimensions are less important than looks and ease of use.<br />
<br />
If you want to print as less possible material as possible; design parts optimised by volume in function of strains, you may use topology optimization through non-commercial-use-only software such as Topostruct (see sawapan.eu website), BESO, or free-open-source-use such as Topy, a topology optimization software written in Python by the brilliant William Hunter (see google code topy page).<br />
<br />
It might be useful to have a lattice engineering software, that will create a support of your part or fill the part to save material. One of the most used is Materialize Magics, but there is also Netfabb. Both are proprietary software's, not free.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
Most of the time 3D software apps save their files in an application-specific format, which in the case of proprietary CAD tools usually are frequently changed and heavily guarded trade secrets.<br />
<br />
There are very few interchangeable CAD [[File Formats|file formats]]. The two most widely used interchangeable CSG file formats are [[File Formats|STEP]] and [[File Formats|IGES]]. Both strip the geometries from parametric data and offer only "dead" solids. Features can be added and removed, but the base shape is locked. ''There is to date no industry-wide interchangeable file format that retain parametric data''.<br />
<br />
The most widely used interchangeable mesh file format is [[File Formats|STL]]. STL files are important because, as we will see below, they are used by CAM tools.<br />
<br />
Mesh files cannot be converted into CSG file formats because they contain no parametric data - only the coordinates of the polygon vertices that make up the solid volume. However, CSG file formats ''can'' be converted into mesh file formats. <br />
<br />
Thus, if you're designing a part, it's a good idea to design it using a CSG CAD application and save and distribute its original parametric file along with generated STL files.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Parametric file format<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP export format<br />
File:STL.png|STL mesh format<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, or CAM, tools handle the intermediate step of translating CAD files into a machine-friendly format used by the RepRap's electronics. More info is on the [[CAM Toolchains]] page.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
<br />
===== Slicing Software =====<br />
In order to turn a 3D part into a machine friendly format, CAM software needs an [[File Formats|STL]] file. The machine friendly format that is used for printing is called [[G-code]]. Early versions of RepRaps used a protocol called [[SNAPComms|SNAP]] but industry standard G-codes are now used. To Convert STL files to G-code, you can use one of the following programs: <br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Fast and full featured - works with [[MatterControl]])(open source)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Still one of the best and highly recommended for accurate prints<br />
# [[Cura]] (Also includes G-Code sender)(Extremely fast and accurate)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Popular solution for most RepRappers)(Lots of bugs in every release)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Fast and accurate with very few bugs)(Closed source)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Online Slic3r solution)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (All-In-One Paid Suite)<br />
# [http://www.cloud3dprint.com/ Cloud3Dprint] (Slice your 3D files for over 150 supported printers or enter your own customized 3d printer parameter)<br />
<br />
The STL to G-code conversion slices the part like salami, then looks at the cross section of each slice and figures out the path that the print head must travel in order to squirt out plastic, and calculates the amount of filament to feed through the extruder for the distance covered.<br />
<br />
(Normally you don't need to repair, edit or manipulate STL files directly, but if you do, you might find the software at [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files]] useful).<br />
<br />
===== G-code interpreter =====<br />
After you have your G-code file, you have to run it through a G-code interpreter. This reads each line of the file and sends the actual electronic signals to the motors to tell the RepRap how to move. There are two main ways to run a G-code interpreter:<br />
<br />
<br />
1) The most common way is to interpret G-code in the firmware of a microcontroller. Typically, the microcontroller is [[wikipedia:Atmel AVR|AVR]]-based which is what's used in the [[wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]]. In order to transfer the g-codes to the microcontroller, you need a way to send the g-code to the microcontroller. See below for more details.<br />
<br />
<br />
2) The alternate way is to interpret G-code using software that runs on a multi-purpose O/S such as linux. Two examples are [[EMC]] and [[Redeem]]. With these types of interpreters, THERE IS NO GCODE SENDER. The operating system communicates directly with special hardware that controls the motor signals. For EMC, it typically uses the computer's parallel port. For Redeem, it uses the [http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_PRU_Notes PRU] built into the Texas Instruments ARM CPU on the [[wikipedia:BeagleBoard|Beaglebone Black]].<br />
<br />
<br />
===== G-code sender =====<br />
To send the G-code files to a microcontroller's g-code interpreter, you need to either to:<br />
<br />
# Load the G-code file on an memory card (typically SD card) if supported.<br />
# Drip-feed the G-codes (usually a line at a time) over a serial port (RS-232 or TTL level, often used with a USB converter) or a direct USB connection using one of the following programs on your workstation:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[RepRaptor]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
:* [https://github.com/minad/3delta 3Delta]<br />
Some of the options are cross platform while others will only work with certain operating systems or prefer specific integrated firmware interpreters.<br />
<br />
==== Part Files ====<br />
The main files use by CAM tools are [[File Formats|STL]] and [[File Formats|G-code]] files. CAM tools convert STL files into G-code files. The official STL files for [[Mendel]] are stored in the RepRap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] repository. To get a copy of these files, run the following commands in ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
This will create a directory full of STL files that you can then give to your neighbor that already has a RepRap and they can print out the parts for you. You will also notice that this directory contains [[File Types|AoI files]]. These files are for [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. It is the CAD application that was used to design the parts and then save them as STL files.<br />
<br />
=== Firmware ===<br />
Reprap electronics are controlled by an inexpensive CPU such as the Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what Arduino-based microcontrollers use. These processors are very wimpy compared to even the average 10 to 15 year old PC you find in the dump nowadays. However, these ''are'' CPUs so they do run primitive software. This primitive software they run is the Reprap's ''firmware''.<br />
<br />
Of the entire software chain that makes the Reprap work, the firmware portion of it is the closest you get to actual programming. Technically, the term for what you are doing with firmware is called [[Wikipedia:Cross compiler|cross compiling]]. <br />
<br />
This process more or less consists of the following steps:<br />
# Install the [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] on your PC.<br />
# Download some firmware source code from a website.<br />
# Make some minor changes to the source code to specify what hardware you have.<br />
# Compile the firmware using the Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]].<br />
# Connect the controller to your PC via a USB cable.<br />
# Upload the firmware to your controller's CPU.<br />
<br />
Some electronics like [[Smoothieboard]] require a custom firmware. <br />
<br />
<br />
==== G-codes ====<br />
After your microcontroller has its firmware loaded, it is ready to accept [[G-code]]s via the software-emulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port RS-232 serial port] (aka COM port). This port shows up when you plug in your arduino to the PC via USB. You can either use a program to send these G-codes over the serial port or you can type them in by hand if you fire up a plain-old terminal application like hyperterm or minicom. If you use a program, they generally take files in [[File Formats|gcode]] format.<br />
<br />
For all available firmwares see ''[[List of Firmware]]''. The following is a brief list of the most popular firmware:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
* [[Smoothie]]<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
To compile and upload firmware to your arduino-based electronics, you use the arduino IDE that you can download from the arduino website.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
The firmware files are usually packaged as source code for an Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] project. Arduino source code consists of a bunch of [[File Formats|PDE]] (or as of Arduino ver 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) files along with some extra <tt>.cpp</tt> and <tt>.h</tt> files thrown in. The Arduino IDE compiles the source code into a single <tt>.hex</tt>file. When you click on the upload icon in the Arduino IDE, it uploades the .hex file to the electronics.<br />
<br />
== More Info ==<br />
In a nutshell, here's a short summary of everything above except CAD software:<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== Electronics ==<br />
<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
In general, all RepRap electronics are broken down into five different areas:<br />
<br />
==== The controller ==== <br />
The controller is the brains of the RepRap. Almost all RepRap controllers are based on the work of the [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] microcontroller. While a lot of variations exist, they are exchangeable and basically all do the same thing. Sometimes the controller is a stand-alone circuit board with chips on it, sometimes the controller is an [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] with an add-on board (called a 'shield'). Find more at [[List of electronics]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Motors ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor]] is a type of electric motor that can be accurately controlled with the controller. Most RepRaps use four or five stepper motors. Three or four motors control the x/y/z axis movement (sometimes the z axis is controlled by two motors) and one motor is used per [[extruder]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Drivers ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|stepper driver]] is a chip that acts as a kind of middle-man between a stepper motor and the controller. It simplifies the signals that need to be sent to the stepper motor in order to get it to move. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on separate circuit boards that are linked to the controller via cables. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on small circuit boards that plug directly into the controller itself. In this case, the controller will have space for at least 4 of these small circuit boards (one for each stepper motor). <br />
<br />
Finally, sometimes the stepper drivers are soldered right onto the controller itself.<br />
<br />
==== End stops ==== <br />
An [[end stop]] is a very small and simple circuit board with a switch of some sort on it that tells the RepRap when it has moved too far in one direction. Thus, there's normally six of these: two for each axis (most firmware include software settings for max position, which allows for only the minimum position end stops to be required). A single end stop connects via wires to either:<br />
# The controller.<br />
# A stepper driver board.<br />
<br />
==== Heated Bed ==== <br />
The print bed is what the RepRap extrudes plastic onto, where the plastic parts are built up.<br />
<br />
While a [[heated bed]] is considered to be an optional component of a RepRap, it often becomes a necessary and integral part of operating a RepRap over the long-term because, without a heated bed, parts have a tendency to cool down too quickly. This results in warping of corners (as the plastic shrinks while cooling) or the part physically detaching from the print bed too early, ruining the print. <br />
<br />
Heated beds operate on the same principle as a kitchen toaster. They're just giant resistors with a temperature sensor. See also:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly|The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]]<br />
* [http://www.lhd-pcb.com PCB hot bed use guide]<br />
<br />
=== More Information ===<br />
To see more details about RepRap electronics, take a look at the [[List of electronics]] page.<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== X/Y/Z Axis Motion ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a RepRap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most RepRaps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== Belts and Pulleys ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your RepRap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5&nbsp;mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most RepRaps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original RepRap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most RepRaps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== Extruder ==<br />
: main article: [[:Category:Extruders]]<br />
<br />
The extruder is responsible for feeding [[filament]] through a nozzle and melting it as it's deposited onto the bed where the part is made.<br />
<br />
The extruder consists of two parts:<br />
# The cold end<br />
# The hot end<br />
<br />
Normally, the "Cold End" is connected to the "Hot End" across a thermal break or insulator. This has to be rigid and accurate enough to reliably pass the filament from one side to the other, but still prevent much of the heat transfer. The materials of choice are usually PEEK plastic with PTFE liners or PTFE with stainless steel mechanical supports or a combination of all three. <br />
<br />
However, there also exist [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Bowden Extruders]] which separate the hot end from the cold end by a long tube. Bowden extruders are much faster because they are much lighter.<br />
<br />
==== Cold End ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also. In reality, it's only half of the entire extruder mechanism. The cold end is the part that mechanically feeds material to the hot end, which in turn melts it. <br />
<br />
Popular cold ends are:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== Hot End ====<br />
: See also [[Hot End Design Theory]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== Filament ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS is strongly scented when melted and warps but is relatively strong whereas PLA is said to smell like waffles and is biodegradable. ABS fumes are detrimental to one's health. ABS will bend before it breaks whereas PLA is relatively brittle. Consequently, for delicate structural roles, PLA should be used, however, for other purposes, ABS can be ideal.<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_30_3d_Printer&diff=190084Cairo 30 3d Printer2023-05-13T22:24:03Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo 30 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo30 3D Printer Side Image new edited.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo30 3d-printer! It’s our new premium creature with no compromises! The Cairo30 3d-printer is the culmination of our accumulated years of experience designing and producing open-source CNC machines kits. The Cairo30 3d-printer is a fully Open-source truly Reproducible 30x30x35cm 3d-printer with big features, unbeatable speed, and rigidity for such a small package.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/ , Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo30-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [-]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines]] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo 30 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo30 3d-printer! It’s our new premium creature with no compromises! The Cairo30 3d-printer is the culmination of our accumulated years of experience designing and producing open-source CNC machines kits.<br />
<br />
The Cairo30 3d-printer is a fully Open-source truly Reproducible 30x30x35cm 3d-printer with big features, unbeatable speed, and rigidity for such a small package.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo30 3D Printer Side Image new edited.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55_side.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55_back.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30_Machine_Featured.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo30-3d-printer/ , Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo30-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on SKR 1.4 Turbo. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo30_3D_Printer_Side_Image_new_edited.jpg&diff=190083File:Cairo30 3D Printer Side Image new edited.jpg2023-05-13T22:22:20Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Build_a_RepRap&diff=189900Build a RepRap2023-02-03T21:30:55Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap Options}}<br />
{{merge from | Resources }}<br />
<br />
This page attempts to make some sense, in general, of how all the pieces fit together to create a RepRap.<br />
<br />
However, if you want to skip all this stuff and get straight to getting your hands dirty then your best bet is to take a look at [[The incomplete RepRap beginner's guide]] and the [[build instructions]] category. In addition to those guides, you may also want to take a look at the links under the [[RepRap Options#Models|Models]] section below.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRap Component Structure.]]<br />
<br />
That being said, to get a higher-level overview, we must start with discussing the different models of RepRaps, then go on to the four main components of a RepRap: <br />
* The software toolchain.<br />
* The electronics.<br />
* The mechanical body.<br />
* The extruder.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Models ==<br />
<br />
These days there are a growing number of many great and detailed [[build instructions]]<br />
for RepRaps! Click on the name below the pictures to see more about each design.<br />
<br />
If you're steampunk or just like to get away without commercial kits, there are also [[RepStrap]]s.<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Fisher]]<br />
File:kunprinter_pro.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:SimpleXL.jpg|[[TowerSimpleXL]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimpleXL]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''license:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:EM1-Light_ISO.jpg|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Light]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake EM1-Light]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Lui.png |[[case-rap 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Folda4.0-color.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPL|GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA|CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Atomxfirst.jpg|[[AtomX]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[AtomX]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:AdaptoFlex.jpg|[[Adapto Flex]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto Flex]]<br />
File:0Z3M2ab.jpg|[[E1x]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[E1x]]<br />
File:nelu_Delta_robot_v2.png|[[Nelu]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3d_printer_nelu]]<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Molestock]]<br />
File:2015-08-02_ToyREP-Final.jpg |[[ToyREP]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[ToyREP]]<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[XI3]]<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[ITopie]]<br />
File:magikisfabrikis.png|[[Magikis Fabrikis]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Magikis_Fabrikis]]<br />
File:Snappy_small_v3.0.png|[[Snappy 3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Snappy 3]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
File:3DoneP5.jpg|[[3Done]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[3Done]]<br />
File:JennyPrinter_minimalist.jpg|[[JennyPrinter minimalist]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[JennyPrinter_minimalist]]<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[SpatialOne]]<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')|link=[[RepRap Intro]]<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 ION.PNG|[[Prusa i3 ION]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 ION]]<br />
File:se1x_rrp.jpg.png|[[sE1X]] (''license: [[gpl]]'')|link=[[sE1x]]<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro_(Light).PNG|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]]<br />
File:reprap_pyramid_1.jpg|[[Reprap Pyramid]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Reprap Pyramid]]<br />
File:reprap_next_01.jpg|[[Reprap Next]] |link=[[ReprapNext]]<br />
File:I3-2xz.jpg|[[2Xz]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[2xz]]<br />
File:Chimera-Steel.jpg|[[Chimera]] |link=[[Chimera]]<br />
File:Kit_web.jpg |[[Egyptian RepRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Egyptian RepRap]]<br />
File:EM One+_1.3_1.png|[[EAGLEmake_EM One+]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake EM One+]]<br />
File:ctor-bot-view.png|[[.ctor-bot]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[.ctor-bot]]<br />
File:Mulbot.jpg|[[Mulbot]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mulbot]]<br />
File:MPM printer.jpeg|[[MPM]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MPM]]<br />
File:Cairo_mini_main_edited_ag.jpg|[[Cairo Mini 3d Printer]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer]]<br />
File:00header.jpg|[[Prusa3StarWarsEdition]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa3StarWarsEdition]]<br />
File:MiniMax|[[MiniMax]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[MiniMax]]<br />
File:Cairo30_Machine_Featured.jpg|[[Cairo 30 3d Printer]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Cairo_30_3d_Printer]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Software Toolchain ==<br />
<br />
The software toolchain can be roughly broken down into 3 parts:<br />
# CAD tools.<br />
# CAM tools.<br />
# Firmware for electronics.<br />
<br />
=== CAD Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Design, or CAD, tools are used to design 3D parts for printing.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:Computer-aided_design|CAD tools]] in the truest sense are designed to allow you to easily change and manipulate parts based on parameters. Sometimes CAD files are referred to as ''parametric'' files. They usually represent parts or assemblies in terms of [[Wikipedia:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry]], or CSG. Using CSG, parts can be represented as a tree of boolean operations performed on primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, etc. <br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|Free/Libre/Open Source Software]] (''[[Wikipedia:Alternative_terms_for_free_software|FLOSS]]'') applications that fall into this category would be [[OpenSCAD]], [[FreeCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]]. Examples of [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|proprietary]] and fully parametric CAD tools are [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (formerly PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]].<br />
<br />
Typically in such programs the geometry is stored in a feature tree where the dimensions can be modified numerically, and the geometry is then regenerated with great precision. The geometry is a mathematical representation where, for example, a circle is generated from its center, radius and plane parameters (hence, "parametric"). No matter how much you zoom in, a circle is still curved, and the CAD program has no problem finding its center when you click on it. This can be quite beneficial when making drawings with dimensions between the circle and sections that need to be concentrically removed.<br />
<br />
Another looser category of CAD tool would be apps that represent parts as a 3D [[Wikipedia:Polygon mesh|Polygon mesh]]. These applications are meant to be used more for special effects and artistic applications. They also seem to be a little more user-friendly. [[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|FLOSS]]-apps in this category would be [[Wikipedia:Blender_(software)|Blender]] and [[Wikipedia:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|Proprietary]] tools are [[Wikipedia:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:Google_Sketchup|SketchUp]] and more.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, you can create forms with just a web-browser at certain websites, such as [http://tinkercad.com TinkerCAD.com] (easy) or [http://3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (more sophisticated), those permit you to download the resulting geometry.<br />
<br />
Some of the tools mentioned above also use parametric data to generate the geometries, but a lot just register the positions of the vertices of the polygons making up the models. Some use parameters to generate the geometry but then drops that data once the vertices are placed. A curve is thus actually an approximation, generated from a number of straight lines between points. As such, those tools are better suited for design where the precision of dimensions are less important than looks and ease of use.<br />
<br />
If you want to print as less possible material as possible; design parts optimised by volume in function of strains, you may use topology optimization through non-commercial-use-only software such as Topostruct (see sawapan.eu website), BESO, or free-open-source-use such as Topy, a topology optimization software written in Python by the brilliant William Hunter (see google code topy page).<br />
<br />
It might be useful to have a lattice engineering software, that will create a support of your part or fill the part to save material. One of the most used is Materialize Magics, but there is also Netfabb. Both are proprietary software's, not free.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
Most of the time 3D software apps save their files in an application-specific format, which in the case of proprietary CAD tools usually are frequently changed and heavily guarded trade secrets.<br />
<br />
There are very few interchangeable CAD [[File Formats|file formats]]. The two most widely used interchangeable CSG file formats are [[File Formats|STEP]] and [[File Formats|IGES]]. Both strip the geometries from parametric data and offer only "dead" solids. Features can be added and removed, but the base shape is locked. ''There is to date no industry-wide interchangeable file format that retain parametric data''.<br />
<br />
The most widely used interchangeable mesh file format is [[File Formats|STL]]. STL files are important because, as we will see below, they are used by CAM tools.<br />
<br />
Mesh files cannot be converted into CSG file formats because they contain no parametric data - only the coordinates of the polygon vertices that make up the solid volume. However, CSG file formats ''can'' be converted into mesh file formats. <br />
<br />
Thus, if you're designing a part, it's a good idea to design it using a CSG CAD application and save and distribute its original parametric file along with generated STL files.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Parametric file format<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP export format<br />
File:STL.png|STL mesh format<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, or CAM, tools handle the intermediate step of translating CAD files into a machine-friendly format used by the RepRap's electronics. More info is on the [[CAM Toolchains]] page.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
<br />
===== Slicing Software =====<br />
In order to turn a 3D part into a machine friendly format, CAM software needs an [[File Formats|STL]] file. The machine friendly format that is used for printing is called [[G-code]]. Early versions of RepRaps used a protocol called [[SNAPComms|SNAP]] but industry standard G-codes are now used. To Convert STL files to G-code, you can use one of the following programs: <br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Fast and full featured - works with [[MatterControl]])(open source)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Still one of the best and highly recommended for accurate prints<br />
# [[Cura]] (Also includes G-Code sender)(Extremely fast and accurate)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Popular solution for most RepRappers)(Lots of bugs in every release)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Fast and accurate with very few bugs)(Closed source)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Online Slic3r solution)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (All-In-One Paid Suite)<br />
# [http://www.cloud3dprint.com/ Cloud3Dprint] (Slice your 3D files for over 150 supported printers or enter your own customized 3d printer parameter)<br />
<br />
The STL to G-code conversion slices the part like salami, then looks at the cross section of each slice and figures out the path that the print head must travel in order to squirt out plastic, and calculates the amount of filament to feed through the extruder for the distance covered.<br />
<br />
(Normally you don't need to repair, edit or manipulate STL files directly, but if you do, you might find the software at [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files]] useful).<br />
<br />
===== G-code interpreter =====<br />
After you have your G-code file, you have to run it through a G-code interpreter. This reads each line of the file and sends the actual electronic signals to the motors to tell the RepRap how to move. There are two main ways to run a G-code interpreter:<br />
<br />
<br />
1) The most common way is to interpret G-code in the firmware of a microcontroller. Typically, the microcontroller is [[wikipedia:Atmel AVR|AVR]]-based which is what's used in the [[wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]]. In order to transfer the g-codes to the microcontroller, you need a way to send the g-code to the microcontroller. See below for more details.<br />
<br />
<br />
2) The alternate way is to interpret G-code using software that runs on a multi-purpose O/S such as linux. Two examples are [[EMC]] and [[Redeem]]. With these types of interpreters, THERE IS NO GCODE SENDER. The operating system communicates directly with special hardware that controls the motor signals. For EMC, it typically uses the computer's parallel port. For Redeem, it uses the [http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_PRU_Notes PRU] built into the Texas Instruments ARM CPU on the [[wikipedia:BeagleBoard|Beaglebone Black]].<br />
<br />
<br />
===== G-code sender =====<br />
To send the G-code files to a microcontroller's g-code interpreter, you need to either to:<br />
<br />
# Load the G-code file on an memory card (typically SD card) if supported.<br />
# Drip-feed the G-codes (usually a line at a time) over a serial port (RS-232 or TTL level, often used with a USB converter) or a direct USB connection using one of the following programs on your workstation:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[RepRaptor]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
:* [https://github.com/minad/3delta 3Delta]<br />
Some of the options are cross platform while others will only work with certain operating systems or prefer specific integrated firmware interpreters.<br />
<br />
==== Part Files ====<br />
The main files use by CAM tools are [[File Formats|STL]] and [[File Formats|G-code]] files. CAM tools convert STL files into G-code files. The official STL files for [[Mendel]] are stored in the RepRap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] repository. To get a copy of these files, run the following commands in ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
This will create a directory full of STL files that you can then give to your neighbor that already has a RepRap and they can print out the parts for you. You will also notice that this directory contains [[File Types|AoI files]]. These files are for [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. It is the CAD application that was used to design the parts and then save them as STL files.<br />
<br />
=== Firmware ===<br />
Reprap electronics are controlled by an inexpensive CPU such as the Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what Arduino-based microcontrollers use. These processors are very wimpy compared to even the average 10 to 15 year old PC you find in the dump nowadays. However, these ''are'' CPUs so they do run primitive software. This primitive software they run is the Reprap's ''firmware''.<br />
<br />
Of the entire software chain that makes the Reprap work, the firmware portion of it is the closest you get to actual programming. Technically, the term for what you are doing with firmware is called [[Wikipedia:Cross compiler|cross compiling]]. <br />
<br />
This process more or less consists of the following steps:<br />
# Install the [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] on your PC.<br />
# Download some firmware source code from a website.<br />
# Make some minor changes to the source code to specify what hardware you have.<br />
# Compile the firmware using the Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]].<br />
# Connect the controller to your PC via a USB cable.<br />
# Upload the firmware to your controller's CPU.<br />
<br />
Some electronics like [[Smoothieboard]] require a custom firmware. <br />
<br />
<br />
==== G-codes ====<br />
After your microcontroller has its firmware loaded, it is ready to accept [[G-code]]s via the software-emulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port RS-232 serial port] (aka COM port). This port shows up when you plug in your arduino to the PC via USB. You can either use a program to send these G-codes over the serial port or you can type them in by hand if you fire up a plain-old terminal application like hyperterm or minicom. If you use a program, they generally take files in [[File Formats|gcode]] format.<br />
<br />
For all available firmwares see ''[[List of Firmware]]''. The following is a brief list of the most popular firmware:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
* [[Smoothie]]<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
To compile and upload firmware to your arduino-based electronics, you use the arduino IDE that you can download from the arduino website.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
The firmware files are usually packaged as source code for an Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] project. Arduino source code consists of a bunch of [[File Formats|PDE]] (or as of Arduino ver 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) files along with some extra <tt>.cpp</tt> and <tt>.h</tt> files thrown in. The Arduino IDE compiles the source code into a single <tt>.hex</tt>file. When you click on the upload icon in the Arduino IDE, it uploades the .hex file to the electronics.<br />
<br />
== More Info ==<br />
In a nutshell, here's a short summary of everything above except CAD software:<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== Electronics ==<br />
<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
In general, all RepRap electronics are broken down into five different areas:<br />
<br />
==== The controller ==== <br />
The controller is the brains of the RepRap. Almost all RepRap controllers are based on the work of the [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] microcontroller. While a lot of variations exist, they are exchangeable and basically all do the same thing. Sometimes the controller is a stand-alone circuit board with chips on it, sometimes the controller is an [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] with an add-on board (called a 'shield'). Find more at [[List of electronics]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Motors ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor]] is a type of electric motor that can be accurately controlled with the controller. Most RepRaps use four or five stepper motors. Three or four motors control the x/y/z axis movement (sometimes the z axis is controlled by two motors) and one motor is used per [[extruder]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Drivers ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|stepper driver]] is a chip that acts as a kind of middle-man between a stepper motor and the controller. It simplifies the signals that need to be sent to the stepper motor in order to get it to move. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on separate circuit boards that are linked to the controller via cables. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on small circuit boards that plug directly into the controller itself. In this case, the controller will have space for at least 4 of these small circuit boards (one for each stepper motor). <br />
<br />
Finally, sometimes the stepper drivers are soldered right onto the controller itself.<br />
<br />
==== End stops ==== <br />
An [[end stop]] is a very small and simple circuit board with a switch of some sort on it that tells the RepRap when it has moved too far in one direction. Thus, there's normally six of these: two for each axis (most firmware include software settings for max position, which allows for only the minimum position end stops to be required). A single end stop connects via wires to either:<br />
# The controller.<br />
# A stepper driver board.<br />
<br />
==== Heated Bed ==== <br />
The print bed is what the RepRap extrudes plastic onto, where the plastic parts are built up.<br />
<br />
While a [[heated bed]] is considered to be an optional component of a RepRap, it often becomes a necessary and integral part of operating a RepRap over the long-term because, without a heated bed, parts have a tendency to cool down too quickly. This results in warping of corners (as the plastic shrinks while cooling) or the part physically detaching from the print bed too early, ruining the print. <br />
<br />
Heated beds operate on the same principle as a kitchen toaster. They're just giant resistors with a temperature sensor. See also:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly|The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]]<br />
* [http://www.lhd-pcb.com PCB hot bed use guide]<br />
<br />
=== More Information ===<br />
To see more details about RepRap electronics, take a look at the [[List of electronics]] page.<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== X/Y/Z Axis Motion ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a RepRap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most RepRaps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== Belts and Pulleys ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your RepRap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5&nbsp;mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most RepRaps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original RepRap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most RepRaps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== Extruder ==<br />
: main article: [[:Category:Extruders]]<br />
<br />
The extruder is responsible for feeding [[filament]] through a nozzle and melting it as it's deposited onto the bed where the part is made.<br />
<br />
The extruder consists of two parts:<br />
# The cold end<br />
# The hot end<br />
<br />
Normally, the "Cold End" is connected to the "Hot End" across a thermal break or insulator. This has to be rigid and accurate enough to reliably pass the filament from one side to the other, but still prevent much of the heat transfer. The materials of choice are usually PEEK plastic with PTFE liners or PTFE with stainless steel mechanical supports or a combination of all three. <br />
<br />
However, there also exist [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Bowden Extruders]] which separate the hot end from the cold end by a long tube. Bowden extruders are much faster because they are much lighter.<br />
<br />
==== Cold End ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also. In reality, it's only half of the entire extruder mechanism. The cold end is the part that mechanically feeds material to the hot end, which in turn melts it. <br />
<br />
Popular cold ends are:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== Hot End ====<br />
: See also [[Hot End Design Theory]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== Filament ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS is strongly scented when melted and warps but is relatively strong whereas PLA is said to smell like waffles and is biodegradable. ABS fumes are detrimental to one's health. ABS will bend before it breaks whereas PLA is relatively brittle. Consequently, for delicate structural roles, PLA should be used, however, for other purposes, ABS can be ideal.<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_30_3d_Printer&diff=189899Cairo 30 3d Printer2023-02-03T21:27:21Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: Created page with "{{Development <!--Header--> |name = Cairo 30 3d Printer |status = working <!--Image--> |image = Cairo30_Machine_Featured.jpg <!--General--> |description = We are introducing t..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo 30 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo30_Machine_Featured.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo30 3d-printer! It’s our new premium creature with no compromises! The Cairo30 3d-printer is the culmination of our accumulated years of experience designing and producing open-source CNC machines kits. The Cairo30 3d-printer is a fully Open-source truly Reproducible 30x30x35cm 3d-printer with big features, unbeatable speed, and rigidity for such a small package.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/ , Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo30-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [-]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines]] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo 30 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo30 3d-printer! It’s our new premium creature with no compromises! The Cairo30 3d-printer is the culmination of our accumulated years of experience designing and producing open-source CNC machines kits.<br />
<br />
The Cairo30 3d-printer is a fully Open-source truly Reproducible 30x30x35cm 3d-printer with big features, unbeatable speed, and rigidity for such a small package.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55_side.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55_back.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo30_Machine_Featured.jpg|Cairo 30 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo30-3d-printer/ , Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo30-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on SKR 1.4 Turbo. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55_back.jpg&diff=189898File:Cairo30 3d-printer v55 back.jpg2023-02-03T21:23:40Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55_side.jpg&diff=189897File:Cairo30 3d-printer v55 side.jpg2023-02-03T21:23:06Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo30_3d-printer_v55.jpg&diff=189896File:Cairo30 3d-printer v55.jpg2023-02-03T21:22:13Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo30_Machine_Featured.jpg&diff=189895File:Cairo30 Machine Featured.jpg2023-02-03T21:17:01Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189686Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-06-15T05:14:02Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_main_edited_ag.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/ , Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines]] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_main_edited_ag.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_main2_edited_ag.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_closeup_edited2_ag.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_closeup_edited_ag.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/ , Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo_mini_closeup_edited_ag.jpg&diff=189685File:Cairo mini closeup edited ag.jpg2022-06-15T05:12:24Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo_mini_closeup_edited2_ag.jpg&diff=189684File:Cairo mini closeup edited2 ag.jpg2022-06-15T05:11:38Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo_mini_main2_edited_ag.jpg&diff=189683File:Cairo mini main2 edited ag.jpg2022-06-15T05:10:40Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Build_a_RepRap&diff=189682Build a RepRap2022-06-15T05:09:53Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap Options}}<br />
{{merge from | Resources }}<br />
<br />
This page attempts to make some sense, in general, of how all the pieces fit together to create a RepRap.<br />
<br />
However, if you want to skip all this stuff and get straight to getting your hands dirty then your best bet is to take a look at [[The incomplete RepRap beginner's guide]] and the [[build instructions]] category. In addition to those guides, you may also want to take a look at the links under the [[RepRap Options#Models|Models]] section below.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRap Component Structure.]]<br />
<br />
That being said, to get a higher-level overview, we must start with discussing the different models of RepRaps, then go on to the four main components of a RepRap: <br />
* The software toolchain.<br />
* The electronics.<br />
* The mechanical body.<br />
* The extruder.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Models ==<br />
<br />
These days there are a growing number of many great and detailed [[build instructions]]<br />
for RepRaps! Click on the name below the pictures to see more about each design.<br />
<br />
If you're steampunk or just like to get away without commercial kits, there are also [[RepStrap]]s.<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Fisher]]<br />
File:kunprinter_pro.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:SimpleXL.jpg|[[TowerSimpleXL]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimpleXL]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''license:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:EM1-Light_ISO.jpg|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Light]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake EM1-Light]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Lui.png |[[case-rap 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Folda4.0-color.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPL|GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA|CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Atomxfirst.jpg|[[AtomX]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[AtomX]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:AdaptoFlex.jpg|[[Adapto Flex]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto Flex]]<br />
File:0Z3M2ab.jpg|[[E1x]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[E1x]]<br />
File:nelu_Delta_robot_v2.png|[[Nelu]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3d_printer_nelu]]<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Molestock]]<br />
File:2015-08-02_ToyREP-Final.jpg |[[ToyREP]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[ToyREP]]<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[XI3]]<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[ITopie]]<br />
File:magikisfabrikis.png|[[Magikis Fabrikis]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Magikis_Fabrikis]]<br />
File:Snappy_small_v3.0.png|[[Snappy 3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Snappy 3]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
File:3DoneP5.jpg|[[3Done]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[3Done]]<br />
File:JennyPrinter_minimalist.jpg|[[JennyPrinter minimalist]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[JennyPrinter_minimalist]]<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[SpatialOne]]<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')|link=[[RepRap Intro]]<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 ION.PNG|[[Prusa i3 ION]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 ION]]<br />
File:se1x_rrp.jpg.png|[[sE1X]] (''license: [[gpl]]'')|link=[[sE1x]]<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro_(Light).PNG|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]]<br />
File:reprap_pyramid_1.jpg|[[Reprap Pyramid]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Reprap Pyramid]]<br />
File:reprap_next_01.jpg|[[Reprap Next]] |link=[[ReprapNext]]<br />
File:I3-2xz.jpg|[[2Xz]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[2xz]]<br />
File:Chimera-Steel.jpg|[[Chimera]] |link=[[Chimera]]<br />
File:Kit_web.jpg |[[Egyptian RepRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Egyptian RepRap]]<br />
File:EM One+_1.3_1.png|[[EAGLEmake_EM One+]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake EM One+]]<br />
File:ctor-bot-view.png|[[.ctor-bot]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[.ctor-bot]]<br />
File:Mulbot.jpg|[[Mulbot]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mulbot]]<br />
File:MPM printer.jpeg|[[MPM]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MPM]]<br />
File:Cairo_mini_main_edited_ag.jpg|[[Cairo Mini 3d Printer]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Software Toolchain ==<br />
<br />
The software toolchain can be roughly broken down into 3 parts:<br />
# CAD tools.<br />
# CAM tools.<br />
# Firmware for electronics.<br />
<br />
=== CAD Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Design, or CAD, tools are used to design 3D parts for printing.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:Computer-aided_design|CAD tools]] in the truest sense are designed to allow you to easily change and manipulate parts based on parameters. Sometimes CAD files are referred to as ''parametric'' files. They usually represent parts or assemblies in terms of [[Wikipedia:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry]], or CSG. Using CSG, parts can be represented as a tree of boolean operations performed on primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, etc. <br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|Free/Libre/Open Source Software]] (''[[Wikipedia:Alternative_terms_for_free_software|FLOSS]]'') applications that fall into this category would be [[OpenSCAD]], [[FreeCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]]. Examples of [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|proprietary]] and fully parametric CAD tools are [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (formerly PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]].<br />
<br />
Typically in such programs the geometry is stored in a feature tree where the dimensions can be modified numerically, and the geometry is then regenerated with great precision. The geometry is a mathematical representation where, for example, a circle is generated from its center, radius and plane parameters (hence, "parametric"). No matter how much you zoom in, a circle is still curved, and the CAD program has no problem finding its center when you click on it. This can be quite beneficial when making drawings with dimensions between the circle and sections that need to be concentrically removed.<br />
<br />
Another looser category of CAD tool would be apps that represent parts as a 3D [[Wikipedia:Polygon mesh|Polygon mesh]]. These applications are meant to be used more for special effects and artistic applications. They also seem to be a little more user-friendly. [[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|FLOSS]]-apps in this category would be [[Wikipedia:Blender_(software)|Blender]] and [[Wikipedia:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|Proprietary]] tools are [[Wikipedia:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:Google_Sketchup|SketchUp]] and more.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, you can create forms with just a web-browser at certain websites, such as [http://tinkercad.com TinkerCAD.com] (easy) or [http://3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (more sophisticated), those permit you to download the resulting geometry.<br />
<br />
Some of the tools mentioned above also use parametric data to generate the geometries, but a lot just register the positions of the vertices of the polygons making up the models. Some use parameters to generate the geometry but then drops that data once the vertices are placed. A curve is thus actually an approximation, generated from a number of straight lines between points. As such, those tools are better suited for design where the precision of dimensions are less important than looks and ease of use.<br />
<br />
If you want to print as less possible material as possible; design parts optimised by volume in function of strains, you may use topology optimization through non-commercial-use-only software such as Topostruct (see sawapan.eu website), BESO, or free-open-source-use such as Topy, a topology optimization software written in Python by the brilliant William Hunter (see google code topy page).<br />
<br />
It might be useful to have a lattice engineering software, that will create a support of your part or fill the part to save material. One of the most used is Materialize Magics, but there is also Netfabb. Both are proprietary software's, not free.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
Most of the time 3D software apps save their files in an application-specific format, which in the case of proprietary CAD tools usually are frequently changed and heavily guarded trade secrets.<br />
<br />
There are very few interchangeable CAD [[File Formats|file formats]]. The two most widely used interchangeable CSG file formats are [[File Formats|STEP]] and [[File Formats|IGES]]. Both strip the geometries from parametric data and offer only "dead" solids. Features can be added and removed, but the base shape is locked. ''There is to date no industry-wide interchangeable file format that retain parametric data''.<br />
<br />
The most widely used interchangeable mesh file format is [[File Formats|STL]]. STL files are important because, as we will see below, they are used by CAM tools.<br />
<br />
Mesh files cannot be converted into CSG file formats because they contain no parametric data - only the coordinates of the polygon vertices that make up the solid volume. However, CSG file formats ''can'' be converted into mesh file formats. <br />
<br />
Thus, if you're designing a part, it's a good idea to design it using a CSG CAD application and save and distribute its original parametric file along with generated STL files.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Parametric file format<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP export format<br />
File:STL.png|STL mesh format<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, or CAM, tools handle the intermediate step of translating CAD files into a machine-friendly format used by the RepRap's electronics. More info is on the [[CAM Toolchains]] page.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
<br />
===== Slicing Software =====<br />
In order to turn a 3D part into a machine friendly format, CAM software needs an [[File Formats|STL]] file. The machine friendly format that is used for printing is called [[G-code]]. Early versions of RepRaps used a protocol called [[SNAPComms|SNAP]] but industry standard G-codes are now used. To Convert STL files to G-code, you can use one of the following programs: <br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Fast and full featured - works with [[MatterControl]])(open source)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Still one of the best and highly recommended for accurate prints<br />
# [[Cura]] (Also includes G-Code sender)(Extremely fast and accurate)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Popular solution for most RepRappers)(Lots of bugs in every release)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Fast and accurate with very few bugs)(Closed source)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Online Slic3r solution)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (All-In-One Paid Suite)<br />
# [http://www.cloud3dprint.com/ Cloud3Dprint] (Slice your 3D files for over 150 supported printers or enter your own customized 3d printer parameter)<br />
<br />
The STL to G-code conversion slices the part like salami, then looks at the cross section of each slice and figures out the path that the print head must travel in order to squirt out plastic, and calculates the amount of filament to feed through the extruder for the distance covered.<br />
<br />
(Normally you don't need to repair, edit or manipulate STL files directly, but if you do, you might find the software at [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files]] useful).<br />
<br />
===== G-code interpreter =====<br />
After you have your G-code file, you have to run it through a G-code interpreter. This reads each line of the file and sends the actual electronic signals to the motors to tell the RepRap how to move. There are two main ways to run a G-code interpreter:<br />
<br />
<br />
1) The most common way is to interpret G-code in the firmware of a microcontroller. Typically, the microcontroller is [[wikipedia:Atmel AVR|AVR]]-based which is what's used in the [[wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]]. In order to transfer the g-codes to the microcontroller, you need a way to send the g-code to the microcontroller. See below for more details.<br />
<br />
<br />
2) The alternate way is to interpret G-code using software that runs on a multi-purpose O/S such as linux. Two examples are [[EMC]] and [[Redeem]]. With these types of interpreters, THERE IS NO GCODE SENDER. The operating system communicates directly with special hardware that controls the motor signals. For EMC, it typically uses the computer's parallel port. For Redeem, it uses the [http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_PRU_Notes PRU] built into the Texas Instruments ARM CPU on the [[wikipedia:BeagleBoard|Beaglebone Black]].<br />
<br />
<br />
===== G-code sender =====<br />
To send the G-code files to a microcontroller's g-code interpreter, you need to either to:<br />
<br />
# Load the G-code file on an memory card (typically SD card) if supported.<br />
# Drip-feed the G-codes (usually a line at a time) over a serial port (RS-232 or TTL level, often used with a USB converter) or a direct USB connection using one of the following programs on your workstation:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[RepRaptor]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
:* [https://github.com/minad/3delta 3Delta]<br />
Some of the options are cross platform while others will only work with certain operating systems or prefer specific integrated firmware interpreters.<br />
<br />
==== Part Files ====<br />
The main files use by CAM tools are [[File Formats|STL]] and [[File Formats|G-code]] files. CAM tools convert STL files into G-code files. The official STL files for [[Mendel]] are stored in the RepRap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] repository. To get a copy of these files, run the following commands in ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
This will create a directory full of STL files that you can then give to your neighbor that already has a RepRap and they can print out the parts for you. You will also notice that this directory contains [[File Types|AoI files]]. These files are for [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. It is the CAD application that was used to design the parts and then save them as STL files.<br />
<br />
=== Firmware ===<br />
Reprap electronics are controlled by an inexpensive CPU such as the Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what Arduino-based microcontrollers use. These processors are very wimpy compared to even the average 10 to 15 year old PC you find in the dump nowadays. However, these ''are'' CPUs so they do run primitive software. This primitive software they run is the Reprap's ''firmware''.<br />
<br />
Of the entire software chain that makes the Reprap work, the firmware portion of it is the closest you get to actual programming. Technically, the term for what you are doing with firmware is called [[Wikipedia:Cross compiler|cross compiling]]. <br />
<br />
This process more or less consists of the following steps:<br />
# Install the [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] on your PC.<br />
# Download some firmware source code from a website.<br />
# Make some minor changes to the source code to specify what hardware you have.<br />
# Compile the firmware using the Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]].<br />
# Connect the controller to your PC via a USB cable.<br />
# Upload the firmware to your controller's CPU.<br />
<br />
Some electronics like [[Smoothieboard]] require a custom firmware. <br />
<br />
<br />
==== G-codes ====<br />
After your microcontroller has its firmware loaded, it is ready to accept [[G-code]]s via the software-emulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port RS-232 serial port] (aka COM port). This port shows up when you plug in your arduino to the PC via USB. You can either use a program to send these G-codes over the serial port or you can type them in by hand if you fire up a plain-old terminal application like hyperterm or minicom. If you use a program, they generally take files in [[File Formats|gcode]] format.<br />
<br />
For all available firmwares see ''[[List of Firmware]]''. The following is a brief list of the most popular firmware:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
* [[Smoothie]]<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
To compile and upload firmware to your arduino-based electronics, you use the arduino IDE that you can download from the arduino website.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
The firmware files are usually packaged as source code for an Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] project. Arduino source code consists of a bunch of [[File Formats|PDE]] (or as of Arduino ver 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) files along with some extra <tt>.cpp</tt> and <tt>.h</tt> files thrown in. The Arduino IDE compiles the source code into a single <tt>.hex</tt>file. When you click on the upload icon in the Arduino IDE, it uploades the .hex file to the electronics.<br />
<br />
== More Info ==<br />
In a nutshell, here's a short summary of everything above except CAD software:<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== Electronics ==<br />
<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
In general, all RepRap electronics are broken down into five different areas:<br />
<br />
==== The controller ==== <br />
The controller is the brains of the RepRap. Almost all RepRap controllers are based on the work of the [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] microcontroller. While a lot of variations exist, they are exchangeable and basically all do the same thing. Sometimes the controller is a stand-alone circuit board with chips on it, sometimes the controller is an [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] with an add-on board (called a 'shield'). Find more at [[List of electronics]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Motors ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor]] is a type of electric motor that can be accurately controlled with the controller. Most RepRaps use four or five stepper motors. Three or four motors control the x/y/z axis movement (sometimes the z axis is controlled by two motors) and one motor is used per [[extruder]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Drivers ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|stepper driver]] is a chip that acts as a kind of middle-man between a stepper motor and the controller. It simplifies the signals that need to be sent to the stepper motor in order to get it to move. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on separate circuit boards that are linked to the controller via cables. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on small circuit boards that plug directly into the controller itself. In this case, the controller will have space for at least 4 of these small circuit boards (one for each stepper motor). <br />
<br />
Finally, sometimes the stepper drivers are soldered right onto the controller itself.<br />
<br />
==== End stops ==== <br />
An [[end stop]] is a very small and simple circuit board with a switch of some sort on it that tells the RepRap when it has moved too far in one direction. Thus, there's normally six of these: two for each axis (most firmware include software settings for max position, which allows for only the minimum position end stops to be required). A single end stop connects via wires to either:<br />
# The controller.<br />
# A stepper driver board.<br />
<br />
==== Heated Bed ==== <br />
The print bed is what the RepRap extrudes plastic onto, where the plastic parts are built up.<br />
<br />
While a [[heated bed]] is considered to be an optional component of a RepRap, it often becomes a necessary and integral part of operating a RepRap over the long-term because, without a heated bed, parts have a tendency to cool down too quickly. This results in warping of corners (as the plastic shrinks while cooling) or the part physically detaching from the print bed too early, ruining the print. <br />
<br />
Heated beds operate on the same principle as a kitchen toaster. They're just giant resistors with a temperature sensor. See also:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly|The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]]<br />
* [http://www.lhd-pcb.com PCB hot bed use guide]<br />
<br />
=== More Information ===<br />
To see more details about RepRap electronics, take a look at the [[List of electronics]] page.<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== X/Y/Z Axis Motion ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a RepRap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most RepRaps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== Belts and Pulleys ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your RepRap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5&nbsp;mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most RepRaps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original RepRap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most RepRaps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== Extruder ==<br />
: main article: [[:Category:Extruders]]<br />
<br />
The extruder is responsible for feeding [[filament]] through a nozzle and melting it as it's deposited onto the bed where the part is made.<br />
<br />
The extruder consists of two parts:<br />
# The cold end<br />
# The hot end<br />
<br />
Normally, the "Cold End" is connected to the "Hot End" across a thermal break or insulator. This has to be rigid and accurate enough to reliably pass the filament from one side to the other, but still prevent much of the heat transfer. The materials of choice are usually PEEK plastic with PTFE liners or PTFE with stainless steel mechanical supports or a combination of all three. <br />
<br />
However, there also exist [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Bowden Extruders]] which separate the hot end from the cold end by a long tube. Bowden extruders are much faster because they are much lighter.<br />
<br />
==== Cold End ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also. In reality, it's only half of the entire extruder mechanism. The cold end is the part that mechanically feeds material to the hot end, which in turn melts it. <br />
<br />
Popular cold ends are:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== Hot End ====<br />
: See also [[Hot End Design Theory]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== Filament ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS is strongly scented when melted and warps but is relatively strong whereas PLA is said to smell like waffles and is biodegradable. ABS fumes are detrimental to one's health. ABS will bend before it breaks whereas PLA is relatively brittle. Consequently, for delicate structural roles, PLA should be used, however, for other purposes, ABS can be ideal.<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189681Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-06-15T05:09:09Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_main_edited_ag.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/ , Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines]] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/ , Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo_mini_main_edited_ag.jpg&diff=189680File:Cairo mini main edited ag.jpg2022-06-15T05:08:25Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Build_a_RepRap&diff=189568Build a RepRap2022-03-13T13:13:47Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap Options}}<br />
{{merge from | Resources }}<br />
<br />
This page attempts to make some sense, in general, of how all the pieces fit together to create a RepRap.<br />
<br />
However, if you want to skip all this stuff and get straight to getting your hands dirty then your best bet is to take a look at [[The incomplete RepRap beginner's guide]] and the [[build instructions]] category. In addition to those guides, you may also want to take a look at the links under the [[RepRap Options#Models|Models]] section below.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRap Component Structure.]]<br />
<br />
That being said, to get a higher-level overview, we must start with discussing the different models of RepRaps, then go on to the four main components of a RepRap: <br />
* The software toolchain.<br />
* The electronics.<br />
* The mechanical body.<br />
* The extruder.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Models ==<br />
<br />
These days there are a growing number of many great and detailed [[build instructions]]<br />
for RepRaps! Click on the name below the pictures to see more about each design.<br />
<br />
If you're steampunk or just like to get away without commercial kits, there are also [[RepStrap]]s.<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Fisher]]<br />
File:kunprinter_pro.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:SimpleXL.jpg|[[TowerSimpleXL]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimpleXL]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''license:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:EM1-Light_ISO.jpg|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Light]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake EM1-Light]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Lui.png |[[case-rap 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Folda4.0-color.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPL|GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA|CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Atomxfirst.jpg|[[AtomX]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[AtomX]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:AdaptoFlex.jpg|[[Adapto Flex]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto Flex]]<br />
File:0Z3M2ab.jpg|[[E1x]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[E1x]]<br />
File:nelu_Delta_robot_v2.png|[[Nelu]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3d_printer_nelu]]<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Molestock]]<br />
File:2015-08-02_ToyREP-Final.jpg |[[ToyREP]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[ToyREP]]<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[XI3]]<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[ITopie]]<br />
File:magikisfabrikis.png|[[Magikis Fabrikis]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Magikis_Fabrikis]]<br />
File:Snappy_small_v3.0.png|[[Snappy 3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Snappy 3]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
File:3DoneP5.jpg|[[3Done]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[3Done]]<br />
File:JennyPrinter_minimalist.jpg|[[JennyPrinter minimalist]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[JennyPrinter_minimalist]]<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[SpatialOne]]<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')|link=[[RepRap Intro]]<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 ION.PNG|[[Prusa i3 ION]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 ION]]<br />
File:se1x_rrp.jpg.png|[[sE1X]] (''license: [[gpl]]'')|link=[[sE1x]]<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro_(Light).PNG|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]]<br />
File:reprap_pyramid_1.jpg|[[Reprap Pyramid]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Reprap Pyramid]]<br />
File:reprap_next_01.jpg|[[Reprap Next]] |link=[[ReprapNext]]<br />
File:I3-2xz.jpg|[[2Xz]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[2xz]]<br />
File:Chimera-Steel.jpg|[[Chimera]] |link=[[Chimera]]<br />
File:Kit_web.jpg |[[Egyptian RepRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Egyptian RepRap]]<br />
File:EM One+_1.3_1.png|[[EAGLEmake_EM One+]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake EM One+]]<br />
File:ctor-bot-view.png|[[.ctor-bot]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[.ctor-bot]]<br />
File:Mulbot.jpg|[[Mulbot]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mulbot]]<br />
File:MPM printer.jpeg|[[MPM]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MPM]]<br />
File:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|[[Cairo Mini 3d Printer]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Software Toolchain ==<br />
<br />
The software toolchain can be roughly broken down into 3 parts:<br />
# CAD tools.<br />
# CAM tools.<br />
# Firmware for electronics.<br />
<br />
=== CAD Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Design, or CAD, tools are used to design 3D parts for printing.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:Computer-aided_design|CAD tools]] in the truest sense are designed to allow you to easily change and manipulate parts based on parameters. Sometimes CAD files are referred to as ''parametric'' files. They usually represent parts or assemblies in terms of [[Wikipedia:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry]], or CSG. Using CSG, parts can be represented as a tree of boolean operations performed on primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, etc. <br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|Free/Libre/Open Source Software]] (''[[Wikipedia:Alternative_terms_for_free_software|FLOSS]]'') applications that fall into this category would be [[OpenSCAD]], [[FreeCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]]. Examples of [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|proprietary]] and fully parametric CAD tools are [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (formerly PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]].<br />
<br />
Typically in such programs the geometry is stored in a feature tree where the dimensions can be modified numerically, and the geometry is then regenerated with great precision. The geometry is a mathematical representation where, for example, a circle is generated from its center, radius and plane parameters (hence, "parametric"). No matter how much you zoom in, a circle is still curved, and the CAD program has no problem finding its center when you click on it. This can be quite beneficial when making drawings with dimensions between the circle and sections that need to be concentrically removed.<br />
<br />
Another looser category of CAD tool would be apps that represent parts as a 3D [[Wikipedia:Polygon mesh|Polygon mesh]]. These applications are meant to be used more for special effects and artistic applications. They also seem to be a little more user-friendly. [[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|FLOSS]]-apps in this category would be [[Wikipedia:Blender_(software)|Blender]] and [[Wikipedia:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|Proprietary]] tools are [[Wikipedia:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:Google_Sketchup|SketchUp]] and more.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, you can create forms with just a web-browser at certain websites, such as [http://tinkercad.com TinkerCAD.com] (easy) or [http://3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (more sophisticated), those permit you to download the resulting geometry.<br />
<br />
Some of the tools mentioned above also use parametric data to generate the geometries, but a lot just register the positions of the vertices of the polygons making up the models. Some use parameters to generate the geometry but then drops that data once the vertices are placed. A curve is thus actually an approximation, generated from a number of straight lines between points. As such, those tools are better suited for design where the precision of dimensions are less important than looks and ease of use.<br />
<br />
If you want to print as less possible material as possible; design parts optimised by volume in function of strains, you may use topology optimization through non-commercial-use-only software such as Topostruct (see sawapan.eu website), BESO, or free-open-source-use such as Topy, a topology optimization software written in Python by the brilliant William Hunter (see google code topy page).<br />
<br />
It might be useful to have a lattice engineering software, that will create a support of your part or fill the part to save material. One of the most used is Materialize Magics, but there is also Netfabb. Both are proprietary software's, not free.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
Most of the time 3D software apps save their files in an application-specific format, which in the case of proprietary CAD tools usually are frequently changed and heavily guarded trade secrets.<br />
<br />
There are very few interchangeable CAD [[File Formats|file formats]]. The two most widely used interchangeable CSG file formats are [[File Formats|STEP]] and [[File Formats|IGES]]. Both strip the geometries from parametric data and offer only "dead" solids. Features can be added and removed, but the base shape is locked. ''There is to date no industry-wide interchangeable file format that retain parametric data''.<br />
<br />
The most widely used interchangeable mesh file format is [[File Formats|STL]]. STL files are important because, as we will see below, they are used by CAM tools.<br />
<br />
Mesh files cannot be converted into CSG file formats because they contain no parametric data - only the coordinates of the polygon vertices that make up the solid volume. However, CSG file formats ''can'' be converted into mesh file formats. <br />
<br />
Thus, if you're designing a part, it's a good idea to design it using a CSG CAD application and save and distribute its original parametric file along with generated STL files.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Parametric file format<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP export format<br />
File:STL.png|STL mesh format<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, or CAM, tools handle the intermediate step of translating CAD files into a machine-friendly format used by the RepRap's electronics. More info is on the [[CAM Toolchains]] page.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
<br />
===== Slicing Software =====<br />
In order to turn a 3D part into a machine friendly format, CAM software needs an [[File Formats|STL]] file. The machine friendly format that is used for printing is called [[G-code]]. Early versions of RepRaps used a protocol called [[SNAPComms|SNAP]] but industry standard G-codes are now used. To Convert STL files to G-code, you can use one of the following programs: <br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Fast and full featured - works with [[MatterControl]])(open source)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Still one of the best and highly recommended for accurate prints<br />
# [[Cura]] (Also includes G-Code sender)(Extremely fast and accurate)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Popular solution for most RepRappers)(Lots of bugs in every release)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Fast and accurate with very few bugs)(Closed source)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Online Slic3r solution)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (All-In-One Paid Suite)<br />
# [http://www.cloud3dprint.com/ Cloud3Dprint] (Slice your 3D files for over 150 supported printers or enter your own customized 3d printer parameter)<br />
<br />
The STL to G-code conversion slices the part like salami, then looks at the cross section of each slice and figures out the path that the print head must travel in order to squirt out plastic, and calculates the amount of filament to feed through the extruder for the distance covered.<br />
<br />
(Normally you don't need to repair, edit or manipulate STL files directly, but if you do, you might find the software at [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files]] useful).<br />
<br />
===== G-code interpreter =====<br />
After you have your G-code file, you have to run it through a G-code interpreter. This reads each line of the file and sends the actual electronic signals to the motors to tell the RepRap how to move. There are two main ways to run a G-code interpreter:<br />
<br />
<br />
1) The most common way is to interpret G-code in the firmware of a microcontroller. Typically, the microcontroller is [[wikipedia:Atmel AVR|AVR]]-based which is what's used in the [[wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]]. In order to transfer the g-codes to the microcontroller, you need a way to send the g-code to the microcontroller. See below for more details.<br />
<br />
<br />
2) The alternate way is to interpret G-code using software that runs on a multi-purpose O/S such as linux. Two examples are [[EMC]] and [[Redeem]]. With these types of interpreters, THERE IS NO GCODE SENDER. The operating system communicates directly with special hardware that controls the motor signals. For EMC, it typically uses the computer's parallel port. For Redeem, it uses the [http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_PRU_Notes PRU] built into the Texas Instruments ARM CPU on the [[wikipedia:BeagleBoard|Beaglebone Black]].<br />
<br />
<br />
===== G-code sender =====<br />
To send the G-code files to a microcontroller's g-code interpreter, you need to either to:<br />
<br />
# Load the G-code file on an memory card (typically SD card) if supported.<br />
# Drip-feed the G-codes (usually a line at a time) over a serial port (RS-232 or TTL level, often used with a USB converter) or a direct USB connection using one of the following programs on your workstation:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[RepRaptor]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
:* [https://github.com/minad/3delta 3Delta]<br />
Some of the options are cross platform while others will only work with certain operating systems or prefer specific integrated firmware interpreters.<br />
<br />
==== Part Files ====<br />
The main files use by CAM tools are [[File Formats|STL]] and [[File Formats|G-code]] files. CAM tools convert STL files into G-code files. The official STL files for [[Mendel]] are stored in the RepRap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] repository. To get a copy of these files, run the following commands in ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
This will create a directory full of STL files that you can then give to your neighbor that already has a RepRap and they can print out the parts for you. You will also notice that this directory contains [[File Types|AoI files]]. These files are for [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. It is the CAD application that was used to design the parts and then save them as STL files.<br />
<br />
=== Firmware ===<br />
Reprap electronics are controlled by an inexpensive CPU such as the Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what Arduino-based microcontrollers use. These processors are very wimpy compared to even the average 10 to 15 year old PC you find in the dump nowadays. However, these ''are'' CPUs so they do run primitive software. This primitive software they run is the Reprap's ''firmware''.<br />
<br />
Of the entire software chain that makes the Reprap work, the firmware portion of it is the closest you get to actual programming. Technically, the term for what you are doing with firmware is called [[Wikipedia:Cross compiler|cross compiling]]. <br />
<br />
This process more or less consists of the following steps:<br />
# Install the [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] on your PC.<br />
# Download some firmware source code from a website.<br />
# Make some minor changes to the source code to specify what hardware you have.<br />
# Compile the firmware using the Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]].<br />
# Connect the controller to your PC via a USB cable.<br />
# Upload the firmware to your controller's CPU.<br />
<br />
Some electronics like [[Smoothieboard]] require a custom firmware. <br />
<br />
<br />
==== G-codes ====<br />
After your microcontroller has its firmware loaded, it is ready to accept [[G-code]]s via the software-emulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port RS-232 serial port] (aka COM port). This port shows up when you plug in your arduino to the PC via USB. You can either use a program to send these G-codes over the serial port or you can type them in by hand if you fire up a plain-old terminal application like hyperterm or minicom. If you use a program, they generally take files in [[File Formats|gcode]] format.<br />
<br />
For all available firmwares see ''[[List of Firmware]]''. The following is a brief list of the most popular firmware:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
* [[Smoothie]]<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
To compile and upload firmware to your arduino-based electronics, you use the arduino IDE that you can download from the arduino website.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
The firmware files are usually packaged as source code for an Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] project. Arduino source code consists of a bunch of [[File Formats|PDE]] (or as of Arduino ver 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) files along with some extra <tt>.cpp</tt> and <tt>.h</tt> files thrown in. The Arduino IDE compiles the source code into a single <tt>.hex</tt>file. When you click on the upload icon in the Arduino IDE, it uploades the .hex file to the electronics.<br />
<br />
== More Info ==<br />
In a nutshell, here's a short summary of everything above except CAD software:<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== Electronics ==<br />
<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
In general, all RepRap electronics are broken down into five different areas:<br />
<br />
==== The controller ==== <br />
The controller is the brains of the RepRap. Almost all RepRap controllers are based on the work of the [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] microcontroller. While a lot of variations exist, they are exchangeable and basically all do the same thing. Sometimes the controller is a stand-alone circuit board with chips on it, sometimes the controller is an [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] with an add-on board (called a 'shield'). Find more at [[List of electronics]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Motors ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor]] is a type of electric motor that can be accurately controlled with the controller. Most RepRaps use four or five stepper motors. Three or four motors control the x/y/z axis movement (sometimes the z axis is controlled by two motors) and one motor is used per [[extruder]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Drivers ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|stepper driver]] is a chip that acts as a kind of middle-man between a stepper motor and the controller. It simplifies the signals that need to be sent to the stepper motor in order to get it to move. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on separate circuit boards that are linked to the controller via cables. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on small circuit boards that plug directly into the controller itself. In this case, the controller will have space for at least 4 of these small circuit boards (one for each stepper motor). <br />
<br />
Finally, sometimes the stepper drivers are soldered right onto the controller itself.<br />
<br />
==== End stops ==== <br />
An [[end stop]] is a very small and simple circuit board with a switch of some sort on it that tells the RepRap when it has moved too far in one direction. Thus, there's normally six of these: two for each axis (most firmware include software settings for max position, which allows for only the minimum position end stops to be required). A single end stop connects via wires to either:<br />
# The controller.<br />
# A stepper driver board.<br />
<br />
==== Heated Bed ==== <br />
The print bed is what the RepRap extrudes plastic onto, where the plastic parts are built up.<br />
<br />
While a [[heated bed]] is considered to be an optional component of a RepRap, it often becomes a necessary and integral part of operating a RepRap over the long-term because, without a heated bed, parts have a tendency to cool down too quickly. This results in warping of corners (as the plastic shrinks while cooling) or the part physically detaching from the print bed too early, ruining the print. <br />
<br />
Heated beds operate on the same principle as a kitchen toaster. They're just giant resistors with a temperature sensor. See also:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly|The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]]<br />
* [http://www.lhd-pcb.com PCB hot bed use guide]<br />
<br />
=== More Information ===<br />
To see more details about RepRap electronics, take a look at the [[List of electronics]] page.<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== X/Y/Z Axis Motion ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a RepRap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most RepRaps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== Belts and Pulleys ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your RepRap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5&nbsp;mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most RepRaps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original RepRap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most RepRaps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== Extruder ==<br />
: main article: [[:Category:Extruders]]<br />
<br />
The extruder is responsible for feeding [[filament]] through a nozzle and melting it as it's deposited onto the bed where the part is made.<br />
<br />
The extruder consists of two parts:<br />
# The cold end<br />
# The hot end<br />
<br />
Normally, the "Cold End" is connected to the "Hot End" across a thermal break or insulator. This has to be rigid and accurate enough to reliably pass the filament from one side to the other, but still prevent much of the heat transfer. The materials of choice are usually PEEK plastic with PTFE liners or PTFE with stainless steel mechanical supports or a combination of all three. <br />
<br />
However, there also exist [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Bowden Extruders]] which separate the hot end from the cold end by a long tube. Bowden extruders are much faster because they are much lighter.<br />
<br />
==== Cold End ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also. In reality, it's only half of the entire extruder mechanism. The cold end is the part that mechanically feeds material to the hot end, which in turn melts it. <br />
<br />
Popular cold ends are:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== Hot End ====<br />
: See also [[Hot End Design Theory]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== Filament ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS is strongly scented when melted and warps but is relatively strong whereas PLA is said to smell like waffles and is biodegradable. ABS fumes are detrimental to one's health. ABS will bend before it breaks whereas PLA is relatively brittle. Consequently, for delicate structural roles, PLA should be used, however, for other purposes, ABS can be ideal.<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Build_a_RepRap&diff=189567Build a RepRap2022-03-13T13:12:50Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages|RepRap Options}}<br />
{{merge from | Resources }}<br />
<br />
This page attempts to make some sense, in general, of how all the pieces fit together to create a RepRap.<br />
<br />
However, if you want to skip all this stuff and get straight to getting your hands dirty then your best bet is to take a look at [[The incomplete RepRap beginner's guide]] and the [[build instructions]] category. In addition to those guides, you may also want to take a look at the links under the [[RepRap Options#Models|Models]] section below.<br />
<br />
[[file:RepRap_Component_Structure.svg|thumb|upright=2.5|RepRap Component Structure.]]<br />
<br />
That being said, to get a higher-level overview, we must start with discussing the different models of RepRaps, then go on to the four main components of a RepRap: <br />
* The software toolchain.<br />
* The electronics.<br />
* The mechanical body.<br />
* The extruder.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Models ==<br />
<br />
These days there are a growing number of many great and detailed [[build instructions]]<br />
for RepRaps! Click on the name below the pictures to see more about each design.<br />
<br />
If you're steampunk or just like to get away without commercial kits, there are also [[RepStrap]]s.<br />
<br />
<gallery widths=200 heights=150 perrow=6><br />
File:All 3 axes fdmd sml.jpg|[[Darwin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Darwin]]<br />
File:Mendel.jpg|[[Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel]]<br />
File:assembled-prusa-mendel.jpg|[[Prusa Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa Mendel]]<br />
File:2-i3-Berlin-Perspective-Web-Optimized.jpg|[[i3Berlin]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=i3Berlin<br />
File:Prusai3-metalframe.jpg|[[Prusa i3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3]]<br />
File:RRPFisher.jpg|[[Fisher]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Fisher]]<br />
File:kunprinter_pro.jpg|[[KunPrinter-K86/zh cn|K86]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[KunPrinter-K86/zh_cn]]<br />
File:huxley.jpg|[[Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Huxley]]<br />
File:Holliger.jpeg|[[Holliger]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Holliger]]<br />
File:Wolfy11.jpg|[[Wolfy1.1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wolfy1.1]]<br />
File:Mix-g1.jpeg|[[Mix_g1|Mix G1]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mix_G1]]<br />
File:DSC0382-682x1024.jpg|[[RepRap Morgan]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap Morgan]]<br />
File:Simpson2013.jpg|[[Simpson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Simpson]]<br />
File:3DPrintMi.JPG|[[3DPrintMi]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3DPrintMi]]<br />
File:printrbot.jpg|[[Printrbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Printrbot]]<br />
File:Wallace.jpg|[[Wallace]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wallace]]<br />
File:Microbot.jpg|[[Tantillus]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus]]<br />
File:Tantillus_R_001.jpg|[[Tantillus R]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Tantillus R]]<br />
File:CartesioW1.jpg|[[Cartesio]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[cartesio]]<br />
File:SimpleXL.jpg|[[TowerSimpleXL]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[TowerSimpleXL]]<br />
File:Reprappro-Mendel.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Mendel|RepRapPro Mendel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Mendel]]<br />
File:Reprappro-huxley.jpg|[[RepRapPro_Huxley|RepRapPro Huxley]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRapPro Huxley]]<br />
File:Eventorbot_reprap_1.jpg|[[Eventorbot]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Eventorbot]]<br />
File:Kossel.jpg|[[Kossel]](''license:[[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kossel]]<br />
File:3D_Printer1.jpg|[[3drag]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[3drag]]<br />
File:MendelMaxPlaceholder.jpg|[[MendelMax]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax]]<br />
File:MendelMax2 front.jpg|[[MendelMax 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MendelMax 2.0]]<br />
File:EM1-Light_ISO.jpg|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Light]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake EM1-Light]]<br />
File:Mendel90_Dibond.jpg|[[Mendel90]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mendel90]]<br />
File:Lui.png |[[case-rap 2.0]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Open-closed.jpg |[[case-rap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:GD01 A.jpg|[[GolemD]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[GolemD]]<br />
File:LOGO_D180PIX.jpg|[[Wood3D]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Wood3d]]<br />
File:Folda4.0-color.jpg|[[FoldaRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[FoldaRap]]<br />
File:AdaptoBIG.jpg|[[Adapto]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto]]<br />
File:SibRap.jpg|[[SibRap]] (''license: [[GPL|GPLv3]]'')|link=[[SibRap]]<br />
File:Haeckel1.JPG|[[Haeckel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Haeckel]]<br />
File:3DMakerWorld_Artifex_Front.jpg|[[Artifex]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Artifex]]<br />
File:R-360.jpg|[[R_360|R-360]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[R_360]]<br />
File:Smartrap 046.jpg|[[Smartrap mini]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Smartrap mini]]<br />
File:Wilson.jpg|[[Wilson]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Wilson]]<br />
File:Remix purple fixed smaller.jpg|[[Kiwi remix]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Kiwi remix]]<br />
File:UDelta.jpg|[[Micro Delta]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Micro Delta]]<br />
File:Ormerod_kit_big1.png|[[Ormerod]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Ormerod]]<br />
File:sid.jpg|[[Sid]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Sid]]<br />
File:sam-pic_front-iso-1.jpg|[[RepRap_Samuel|Samuel]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[RepRap_Samuel]]<br />
File:Litoneb-2 bd.jpg|[[Litone]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Litone]]<br />
File:impresoranew.jpg|[[MM1|MM1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA|CC-BY-SA-NC]]'')|link=[[MM1]]<br />
File:Ulticampy2-1.jpeg|[[Ulticampy]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Ulticampy]]<br />
File:Atomxfirst.jpg|[[AtomX]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[AtomX]]<br />
File:Funbot_i1.jpg|[[Funbot_i1]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Funbot_i1]]<br />
File:Rostock Mini Pro.jpg|[[Rostock Mini Pro]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Rostock Mini Pro]]<br />
File:Abbas3d.JPG|[[Abbas]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Abbas]]<br />
File:AdaptoFlex.jpg|[[Adapto Flex]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Adapto Flex]]<br />
File:0Z3M2ab.jpg|[[E1x]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[E1x]]<br />
File:nelu_Delta_robot_v2.png|[[Nelu]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[3d_printer_nelu]]<br />
File:Molestock_S-3D_printer.jpg|[[Molestock]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[Molestock]]<br />
File:2015-08-02_ToyREP-Final.jpg |[[ToyREP]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[ToyREP]]<br />
File:I3.jpg |[[XI3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[XI3]]<br />
File:ITopie.png|[[ITopie]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[ITopie]]<br />
File:magikisfabrikis.png|[[Magikis Fabrikis]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Magikis_Fabrikis]]<br />
File:Snappy_small_v3.0.png|[[Snappy 3]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Snappy 3]]<br />
File:M Prime One FreeCAD iso.png|[[M Prime One]] (''license: [[CC-BY]]'')|link=[[M_Prime_One]]<br />
File:3DoneP5.jpg|[[3Done]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[3Done]]<br />
File:JennyPrinter_minimalist.jpg|[[JennyPrinter minimalist]] (''licence: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[JennyPrinter_minimalist]]<br />
File:SpatialOne.jpg|[[SpatialOne]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[SpatialOne]]<br />
File:Reprap-Intro.jpg|[[RepRap Intro]] (''license: [[GPL]]v2'')|link=[[RepRap Intro]]<br />
File:Mendel_Rostock.jpg |[[Mendel Rostock]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')<br />
File:Prusa i3 ION.PNG|[[Prusa i3 ION]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Prusa i3 ION]]<br />
File:se1x_rrp.jpg.png|[[sE1X]] (''license: [[gpl]]'')|link=[[sE1x]]<br />
File:SRJ-I.jpg|[[SRJ]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[SRJ]]<br />
File:EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro_(Light).PNG|[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake_EM1-Pro]]<br />
File:reprap_pyramid_1.jpg|[[Reprap Pyramid]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Reprap Pyramid]]<br />
File:reprap_next_01.jpg|[[Reprap Next]] |link=[[ReprapNext]]<br />
File:I3-2xz.jpg|[[2Xz]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[2xz]]<br />
File:Chimera-Steel.jpg|[[Chimera]] |link=[[Chimera]]<br />
File:Kit_web.jpg |[[Egyptian RepRap]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Egyptian RepRap]]<br />
File:EM One+_1.3_1.png|[[EAGLEmake_EM One+]] (''license: [[CC-BY-NC-SA]]'')|link=[[EAGLEmake EM One+]]<br />
File:ctor-bot-view.png|[[.ctor-bot]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[.ctor-bot]]<br />
File:Mulbot.jpg|[[Mulbot]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[Mulbot]]<br />
File:MPM printer.jpeg|[[MPM]] (''license: [[GPL]]'')|link=[[MPM]]<br />
File:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|[[Cairo Mini 3d-Printer]] (''license: [[CC-BY-SA]]'')|link=[[Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Software Toolchain ==<br />
<br />
The software toolchain can be roughly broken down into 3 parts:<br />
# CAD tools.<br />
# CAM tools.<br />
# Firmware for electronics.<br />
<br />
=== CAD Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Design, or CAD, tools are used to design 3D parts for printing.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
[[Wikipedia:Computer-aided_design|CAD tools]] in the truest sense are designed to allow you to easily change and manipulate parts based on parameters. Sometimes CAD files are referred to as ''parametric'' files. They usually represent parts or assemblies in terms of [[Wikipedia:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry]], or CSG. Using CSG, parts can be represented as a tree of boolean operations performed on primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, etc. <br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|Free/Libre/Open Source Software]] (''[[Wikipedia:Alternative_terms_for_free_software|FLOSS]]'') applications that fall into this category would be [[OpenSCAD]], [[FreeCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:HeeksCAD|HeeksCAD]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]]. Examples of [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|proprietary]] and fully parametric CAD tools are [[Wikipedia:Creo_(design_software)|PTC Creo]] (formerly PTC Pro/Engineer), [[Wikipedia:SolidWorks|Dassault Solidworks]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_Inventor|Autodesk Inventor]] and [[Wikipedia:List_of_computer-aided_design_editors|more]].<br />
<br />
Typically in such programs the geometry is stored in a feature tree where the dimensions can be modified numerically, and the geometry is then regenerated with great precision. The geometry is a mathematical representation where, for example, a circle is generated from its center, radius and plane parameters (hence, "parametric"). No matter how much you zoom in, a circle is still curved, and the CAD program has no problem finding its center when you click on it. This can be quite beneficial when making drawings with dimensions between the circle and sections that need to be concentrically removed.<br />
<br />
Another looser category of CAD tool would be apps that represent parts as a 3D [[Wikipedia:Polygon mesh|Polygon mesh]]. These applications are meant to be used more for special effects and artistic applications. They also seem to be a little more user-friendly. [[Wikipedia:Free_and_open_source_software|FLOSS]]-apps in this category would be [[Wikipedia:Blender_(software)|Blender]] and [[Wikipedia:Art_of_Illusion|Art of Illusion]]. [[Wikipedia:Proprietary_software|Proprietary]] tools are [[Wikipedia:3D_Studio_Max|Autodesk 3ds Max]], [[Wikipedia:Autodesk_AliasStudio|Autodesk Alias]], [[Wikipedia:Google_Sketchup|SketchUp]] and more.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, you can create forms with just a web-browser at certain websites, such as [http://tinkercad.com TinkerCAD.com] (easy) or [http://3dtin.com 3DTin.com] (more sophisticated), those permit you to download the resulting geometry.<br />
<br />
Some of the tools mentioned above also use parametric data to generate the geometries, but a lot just register the positions of the vertices of the polygons making up the models. Some use parameters to generate the geometry but then drops that data once the vertices are placed. A curve is thus actually an approximation, generated from a number of straight lines between points. As such, those tools are better suited for design where the precision of dimensions are less important than looks and ease of use.<br />
<br />
If you want to print as less possible material as possible; design parts optimised by volume in function of strains, you may use topology optimization through non-commercial-use-only software such as Topostruct (see sawapan.eu website), BESO, or free-open-source-use such as Topy, a topology optimization software written in Python by the brilliant William Hunter (see google code topy page).<br />
<br />
It might be useful to have a lattice engineering software, that will create a support of your part or fill the part to save material. One of the most used is Materialize Magics, but there is also Netfabb. Both are proprietary software's, not free.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
Most of the time 3D software apps save their files in an application-specific format, which in the case of proprietary CAD tools usually are frequently changed and heavily guarded trade secrets.<br />
<br />
There are very few interchangeable CAD [[File Formats|file formats]]. The two most widely used interchangeable CSG file formats are [[File Formats|STEP]] and [[File Formats|IGES]]. Both strip the geometries from parametric data and offer only "dead" solids. Features can be added and removed, but the base shape is locked. ''There is to date no industry-wide interchangeable file format that retain parametric data''.<br />
<br />
The most widely used interchangeable mesh file format is [[File Formats|STL]]. STL files are important because, as we will see below, they are used by CAM tools.<br />
<br />
Mesh files cannot be converted into CSG file formats because they contain no parametric data - only the coordinates of the polygon vertices that make up the solid volume. However, CSG file formats ''can'' be converted into mesh file formats. <br />
<br />
Thus, if you're designing a part, it's a good idea to design it using a CSG CAD application and save and distribute its original parametric file along with generated STL files.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PRT.png|Parametric file format<br />
File:STEP.png|STEP export format<br />
File:STL.png|STL mesh format<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== CAM Tools ===<br />
Computer Aided Manufacturing, or CAM, tools handle the intermediate step of translating CAD files into a machine-friendly format used by the RepRap's electronics. More info is on the [[CAM Toolchains]] page.<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
<br />
===== Slicing Software =====<br />
In order to turn a 3D part into a machine friendly format, CAM software needs an [[File Formats|STL]] file. The machine friendly format that is used for printing is called [[G-code]]. Early versions of RepRaps used a protocol called [[SNAPComms|SNAP]] but industry standard G-codes are now used. To Convert STL files to G-code, you can use one of the following programs: <br />
<br />
# [[MatterSlice]] (Fast and full featured - works with [[MatterControl]])(open source)<br />
# [[Skeinforge]] (Dated solution)(Still one of the best and highly recommended for accurate prints<br />
# [[Cura]] (Also includes G-Code sender)(Extremely fast and accurate)<br />
# [[Slic3r]] (Popular solution for most RepRappers)(Lots of bugs in every release)<br />
# [[Kisslicer]] (Fast and accurate with very few bugs)(Closed source)<br />
# [[RepSnapper]]<br />
# [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
# [[X2sw]]<br />
# [[SuperSkein]]<br />
# [[SlicerCloud]] (Online Slic3r solution)<br />
# [[Simplify3D]] (All-In-One Paid Suite)<br />
# [http://www.cloud3dprint.com/ Cloud3Dprint] (Slice your 3D files for over 150 supported printers or enter your own customized 3d printer parameter)<br />
<br />
The STL to G-code conversion slices the part like salami, then looks at the cross section of each slice and figures out the path that the print head must travel in order to squirt out plastic, and calculates the amount of filament to feed through the extruder for the distance covered.<br />
<br />
(Normally you don't need to repair, edit or manipulate STL files directly, but if you do, you might find the software at [[Useful Software Packages#Software for dealing with STL files]] useful).<br />
<br />
===== G-code interpreter =====<br />
After you have your G-code file, you have to run it through a G-code interpreter. This reads each line of the file and sends the actual electronic signals to the motors to tell the RepRap how to move. There are two main ways to run a G-code interpreter:<br />
<br />
<br />
1) The most common way is to interpret G-code in the firmware of a microcontroller. Typically, the microcontroller is [[wikipedia:Atmel AVR|AVR]]-based which is what's used in the [[wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]]. In order to transfer the g-codes to the microcontroller, you need a way to send the g-code to the microcontroller. See below for more details.<br />
<br />
<br />
2) The alternate way is to interpret G-code using software that runs on a multi-purpose O/S such as linux. Two examples are [[EMC]] and [[Redeem]]. With these types of interpreters, THERE IS NO GCODE SENDER. The operating system communicates directly with special hardware that controls the motor signals. For EMC, it typically uses the computer's parallel port. For Redeem, it uses the [http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_PRU_Notes PRU] built into the Texas Instruments ARM CPU on the [[wikipedia:BeagleBoard|Beaglebone Black]].<br />
<br />
<br />
===== G-code sender =====<br />
To send the G-code files to a microcontroller's g-code interpreter, you need to either to:<br />
<br />
# Load the G-code file on an memory card (typically SD card) if supported.<br />
# Drip-feed the G-codes (usually a line at a time) over a serial port (RS-232 or TTL level, often used with a USB converter) or a direct USB connection using one of the following programs on your workstation:<br />
<br />
:* [[MatterControl]]<br />
:* [[ReplicatorG]]<br />
:* [[RepSnapper]]<br />
:* [[RepRaptor]]<br />
:* [[Mendel User Manual: Host Software|RepRap Host Software]]<br />
:* [[ArduinoSend|send.py]]<br />
:* [[reprap-utils]]<br />
:* [[Pronterface]]<br />
:* [[RebRep]]<br />
:* [[Repetier-Host]]<br />
:* [[X2sw]]<br />
:* [[Simplify3D]]<br />
:* [https://github.com/minad/3delta 3Delta]<br />
Some of the options are cross platform while others will only work with certain operating systems or prefer specific integrated firmware interpreters.<br />
<br />
==== Part Files ====<br />
The main files use by CAM tools are [[File Formats|STL]] and [[File Formats|G-code]] files. CAM tools convert STL files into G-code files. The official STL files for [[Mendel]] are stored in the RepRap [[Wikipedia:Apache Subversion|subversion]] repository. To get a copy of these files, run the following commands in ubuntu:<br />
<br />
sudo apt-get install subversion<br />
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/reprap/code/trunk/mendel/mechanics/solid-models/cartesian-robot-m4/printed-parts/<br />
<br />
This will create a directory full of STL files that you can then give to your neighbor that already has a RepRap and they can print out the parts for you. You will also notice that this directory contains [[File Types|AoI files]]. These files are for [[AoI|Art of Illusion]]. It is the CAD application that was used to design the parts and then save them as STL files.<br />
<br />
=== Firmware ===<br />
Reprap electronics are controlled by an inexpensive CPU such as the Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what Arduino-based microcontrollers use. These processors are very wimpy compared to even the average 10 to 15 year old PC you find in the dump nowadays. However, these ''are'' CPUs so they do run primitive software. This primitive software they run is the Reprap's ''firmware''.<br />
<br />
Of the entire software chain that makes the Reprap work, the firmware portion of it is the closest you get to actual programming. Technically, the term for what you are doing with firmware is called [[Wikipedia:Cross compiler|cross compiling]]. <br />
<br />
This process more or less consists of the following steps:<br />
# Install the [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino IDE] on your PC.<br />
# Download some firmware source code from a website.<br />
# Make some minor changes to the source code to specify what hardware you have.<br />
# Compile the firmware using the Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]].<br />
# Connect the controller to your PC via a USB cable.<br />
# Upload the firmware to your controller's CPU.<br />
<br />
Some electronics like [[Smoothieboard]] require a custom firmware. <br />
<br />
<br />
==== G-codes ====<br />
After your microcontroller has its firmware loaded, it is ready to accept [[G-code]]s via the software-emulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port RS-232 serial port] (aka COM port). This port shows up when you plug in your arduino to the PC via USB. You can either use a program to send these G-codes over the serial port or you can type them in by hand if you fire up a plain-old terminal application like hyperterm or minicom. If you use a program, they generally take files in [[File Formats|gcode]] format.<br />
<br />
For all available firmwares see ''[[List of Firmware]]''. The following is a brief list of the most popular firmware:<br />
<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Sprinter|Sprinter]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Marlin|Marlin]]<br />
* [[List of Firmware#Teacup| Teacup]]<br />
* [[Smoothie]]<br />
<br />
==== Software ====<br />
To compile and upload firmware to your arduino-based electronics, you use the arduino IDE that you can download from the arduino website.<br />
<br />
==== Files ====<br />
The firmware files are usually packaged as source code for an Arduino [[Wikipedia:Integrated development environment|IDE]] project. Arduino source code consists of a bunch of [[File Formats|PDE]] (or as of Arduino ver 1.0, [[File Formats|INO]]) files along with some extra <tt>.cpp</tt> and <tt>.h</tt> files thrown in. The Arduino IDE compiles the source code into a single <tt>.hex</tt>file. When you click on the upload icon in the Arduino IDE, it uploades the .hex file to the electronics.<br />
<br />
== More Info ==<br />
In a nutshell, here's a short summary of everything above except CAD software:<br />
<br />
[[File:RepRap Toolchain.jpg|1024px]]<br />
<br />
== Electronics ==<br />
<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
In general, all RepRap electronics are broken down into five different areas:<br />
<br />
==== The controller ==== <br />
The controller is the brains of the RepRap. Almost all RepRap controllers are based on the work of the [[Wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] microcontroller. While a lot of variations exist, they are exchangeable and basically all do the same thing. Sometimes the controller is a stand-alone circuit board with chips on it, sometimes the controller is an [http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega Arduino Mega] with an add-on board (called a 'shield'). Find more at [[List of electronics]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Motors ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor]] is a type of electric motor that can be accurately controlled with the controller. Most RepRaps use four or five stepper motors. Three or four motors control the x/y/z axis movement (sometimes the z axis is controlled by two motors) and one motor is used per [[extruder]].<br />
<br />
==== Stepper Drivers ==== <br />
A [[stepper motor#Driving stepper motors|stepper driver]] is a chip that acts as a kind of middle-man between a stepper motor and the controller. It simplifies the signals that need to be sent to the stepper motor in order to get it to move. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on separate circuit boards that are linked to the controller via cables. <br />
<br />
Sometimes the stepper drivers are on small circuit boards that plug directly into the controller itself. In this case, the controller will have space for at least 4 of these small circuit boards (one for each stepper motor). <br />
<br />
Finally, sometimes the stepper drivers are soldered right onto the controller itself.<br />
<br />
==== End stops ==== <br />
An [[end stop]] is a very small and simple circuit board with a switch of some sort on it that tells the RepRap when it has moved too far in one direction. Thus, there's normally six of these: two for each axis (most firmware include software settings for max position, which allows for only the minimum position end stops to be required). A single end stop connects via wires to either:<br />
# The controller.<br />
# A stepper driver board.<br />
<br />
==== Heated Bed ==== <br />
The print bed is what the RepRap extrudes plastic onto, where the plastic parts are built up.<br />
<br />
While a [[heated bed]] is considered to be an optional component of a RepRap, it often becomes a necessary and integral part of operating a RepRap over the long-term because, without a heated bed, parts have a tendency to cool down too quickly. This results in warping of corners (as the plastic shrinks while cooling) or the part physically detaching from the print bed too early, ruining the print. <br />
<br />
Heated beds operate on the same principle as a kitchen toaster. They're just giant resistors with a temperature sensor. See also:<br />
* [[PCB Heatbed]]<br />
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-L9q_ScmVcVI/UYFUGYXK-FI/AAAAAAAABUg/0AOrsgd88uY/s1600/RepRapWiringDiagram.jpg RAMPS 1.2 Wiring Diagram].<br />
* [[RepRapPro_Mendel_heatbed_assembly|The Prusa Mendel Heatbed Assembly Article]]<br />
* [http://www.lhd-pcb.com PCB hot bed use guide]<br />
<br />
=== More Information ===<br />
To see more details about RepRap electronics, take a look at the [[List of electronics]] page.<br />
<br />
== Mechanical Body ==<br />
When it comes to the mechanical body, it can be generally broken down into two parts: <br />
# Movement along the x/y/z axes.<br />
# The print bed<br />
<br />
=== X/Y/Z Axis Motion ===<br />
Main category page for [[:Category:Mechanical arrangement|Mechanical arrangement]]<br />
<br />
When facing the front of a RepRap, X axis movement is side to side, aka left to right movement, Y axis movement is forwards/backwards movement and Z axis movement is up and down along the vertical plane.<br />
<br />
Linear movement is generally accomplished using one of 2 different methods:<br />
# Belt/pulley driven motion.<br />
# Threaded rod or leadscrew motion.<br />
<br />
Belts and pulleys are good for fast/lightweight movement and threaded rods are good for slow but forceful movement. Most RepRaps use a combination of belts for X/Y axis movement and threaded rod for Z axis movement. <br />
<br />
==== Belts and Pulleys ====<br />
When it comes to accuracy, the most important part of your RepRap is your belt/pulley combination. Current state of the art is the GT2 belt, along with a machined pulley that matches the exact bore size of your stepper motors (normally this is 5&nbsp;mm).<br />
<br />
There are many types of belt/pulley combinations, currently (March 2012) most in use are:<br />
;T5: These are ''asynchronous'' metric timing belts. They have trapezoidal teeth and deliberate backlash to reduce belt wear and noise for ''uni-directional'' applications. They are difficult to get in North America. The pulleys themselves though can be printed. Using a printed pulley will give you approximately the same results as if you use an MXL pulley/belt combination with the wrong bore size.<br />
;T2.5: Like the T5 these are asynchronous metric belt/pulley combinations. These have a 2.5mm (.098") pitch and are printable. With the same diameter pulleys there is a better grip (compared to t5) on the belt and will give a better result. The best results are with metal pulleys due to the fine tooth profile.<br />
;MXL: This stands for "mini extra-light". These belts have been around since the 1940s. Like T5 & T2.5, these are also asynchronous timing belts but they are common in North America because they use imperial sizes. The distance between teeth is 0.08" and the teeth are trapezoidal. You *may* be able to find pulleys that have a 5mm bore but it seems difficult. Most stepper motors have spindles that are 5mm in diameter.<br />
;HTD: This stands for "high torque drive" and was introduced by [http://www.gates.com/ Gates] in 1971. These belts have less backlash than MXL and T5 belts because the teeth are deeper and are rounded. These belts were originally patented by Gates but the Patent has since expired.<br />
;GT2: These are Gates PowerGrip® GT®2 industrial ''synchronous'' timing belts. GT stands for "Gates Tooth". GT2 came about because the HTD patents ran out and they needed a new tooth profile that was not public domain. Gates says the GT2 belts will run OK on HTD pulleys but not the other way around. GT2 belts are stronger than HTD belts, but they need the GT2 tooth profile on the pulleys to achieve their ultimate strength advantage over HTD. These may be more difficult to find everywhere.<br />
;Spectra: Spectra fiber braided fishing line is quickly becoming a popular choice to replace belts in many applications after its first implementation in Tantillus and then in many Delta printers. It is cheap and available in most cities around the world. Once tightened correctly it has almost no backlash and provides very smooth movement due to the lack of bumpy teeth and its incredibly small bend radius allowing high steps per mm.<br />
<br />
For more info see [[Choosing Belts and Pulleys]].<br />
<br />
==== Threaded rod ====<br />
Most RepRaps use threaded rod for the Z axis. The Z axis doesn't have to move fast (but it is better if it can move quickly) because it generally only goes up tenths of a mm at a time. Threaded rod is ok for accuracy and force. Repraps don't require force but some [[Wikipedia:CNC|CNC]] machines, use threaded rod for all 3 axes. Since the Z axis threaded rods support the weight of the x-carriage it's a good idea to use high-strength stainless steel for the rod and nut, otherwise they will suffer greater wear on the threads and experience premature failure.<br />
<br />
==== Notes on Backlash ====<br />
One thing to note about all ways of moving is ''backlash''. Backlash is that jigglyness that you feel in both threaded rod and belts/pulleys when you ''change direction''. This jigglyness/sloppiness affects accuracy.<br />
<br />
The T5 and MXL belts above were originally designed to be used as timing belts. Timing belts normally only spin in one direction so backlash is not an issue. Thus, because the GT2 belts were designed to change direction, they will be more accurate.<br />
<br />
The standard way of compensating for threaded rod backlash is to use 2 nuts and force them apart using a spring. This kind of makes sure that the nuts are always pushing against the threads so that when you change direction, it doesn't jiggle. Not sure if that makes sense but I'll leave it here anyways.<br />
<br />
=== Print Bed ===<br />
The print bed is what parts get printed on. The print bed may be stationary, like with the original RepRap [[RepRapOneDarwin|Darwin]], or it may move along one of the x/y/z axes. Most RepRaps have the bed move along the Y axis but some will also move along the Z axis.<br />
<br />
The bed usually consists of two plates: the upper plate and the lower plate. <br />
<br />
==== Upper Plate ====<br />
The upper plate is mounted to the lower plate on springs. The springs allow it to be levelled using adjusting screws. It also (I think) was designed this way because it gives a little if you accidentally ram the print head down into it.<br />
<br />
The upper plate may or may not be heated. It's usually made of a PCB board or of metal. If the plate is heated, it will usually have a piece of glass held on top of it by bulldog clips. <br />
<br />
Tape is usually applied to the upper plate to act as a print surface. It helps the extruded plastic stick to the bed and it also makes it easier to remove the part once it's done. The two most common tape types used are blue painter's tape and kapton tape.<br />
<br />
==== Lower Plate ====<br />
Sometimes the lower plate is called the frog plate because the original mendel's lower plate kind of looked like a frog.<br />
<br />
It provides a sturdy base that the upper plate can be connected to. If the bed moves along one of the axes, then the lower plate is directly connected to the mechanism that moves the bed. For the Y axis, this usually means belts or for the Z axis, this usually means threaded rod.<br />
<br />
== Extruder ==<br />
: main article: [[:Category:Extruders]]<br />
<br />
The extruder is responsible for feeding [[filament]] through a nozzle and melting it as it's deposited onto the bed where the part is made.<br />
<br />
The extruder consists of two parts:<br />
# The cold end<br />
# The hot end<br />
<br />
Normally, the "Cold End" is connected to the "Hot End" across a thermal break or insulator. This has to be rigid and accurate enough to reliably pass the filament from one side to the other, but still prevent much of the heat transfer. The materials of choice are usually PEEK plastic with PTFE liners or PTFE with stainless steel mechanical supports or a combination of all three. <br />
<br />
However, there also exist [[Erik's_Bowden_Extruder|Bowden Extruders]] which separate the hot end from the cold end by a long tube. Bowden extruders are much faster because they are much lighter.<br />
<br />
==== Cold End ====<br />
This can get a bit confusing here People tend to refer to the cold end as an "extruder" also. In reality, it's only half of the entire extruder mechanism. The cold end is the part that mechanically feeds material to the hot end, which in turn melts it. <br />
<br />
Popular cold ends are:<br />
* [[Wade's Geared Extruder]]<br />
* [[Greg's Hinged Extruder]]<br />
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 Greg's Wade's Reloaded Extruder]<br />
<br />
==== Hot End ====<br />
: See also [[Hot End Design Theory]]<br />
<br />
The hot end is arguably the most complex aspect of 3d printers as it deals with the tricky business of melting and extruding plastic filament. In general, the hot end is a metal case with<br />
# A resistor or heater cartridge that heats up so it melts the plastic (usually around 200C) <br />
# A [[thermistor]] or a [[thermocouple]] which measures the temperature<br />
The electronics basically monitor the temperature via the thermistor, then raise or lower the temperature by varying the amount of power supplied usually by some form of [[Wikipedia:Pulse_width_modulation|PWM]]<br />
<br />
see Hotend comparison:<br />
[[Hot End Comparison]] and [[Hot End]]<br />
<br />
==== Filament ====<br />
Generally, people use one of two types of filament: ABS or PLA. ABS is strongly scented when melted and warps but is relatively strong whereas PLA is said to smell like waffles and is biodegradable. ABS fumes are detrimental to one's health. ABS will bend before it breaks whereas PLA is relatively brittle. Consequently, for delicate structural roles, PLA should be used, however, for other purposes, ABS can be ideal.<br />
<br />
=== Notes on PID ===<br />
Sometimes you will hear people talk about [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] when discussing extruders. PID is a closed-loop control algorithm that engineers have been using for years. It is a mathematical algorithm that uses feedback from sensors (measuring temperature, for example) and controls an output (such as switching a heater on and off) to reach and maintain the desired setpoint (the temperature you want the extruder to have, for example).<br />
<br />
Real world example: When you are driving your car down the highway, you're doing your own PID-like function as you watch the road and adjust the steering wheel to stay in your lane. If you adjust a little bit at a time and often enough, you stay in your lane nicely. But if you wait until you hit the lines on either side of the road before adjusting the wheel, people will think you're drunk and you'll oscillate all over the road. You may still get where you're going but it won't be pretty. PIDs use constants (numbers) that have to be tuned (adjusted) to the application. To continue the driving example, drunk is having bad constants, sober is just the right numbers. <br />
<br />
Cruise control in a car is another good example of an every day [[Wikipedia:PID_controller|PID]] controller.<br />
<br />
[[Category:RepRap machines| ]]</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189566Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-13T12:51:51Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/ , Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines]] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/ , Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189565Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-13T12:50:17Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines]] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/ , Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1 , STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189554Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-13T09:41:18Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines]] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189553Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-13T09:39:30Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189552Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-13T09:39:12Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189551Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-13T09:38:35Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines] [[Category:Cartesian-XZ-head]] <br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189550Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-13T09:37:46Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:RepRap machines], [Cartesian-XZ-head]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189549Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-13T09:36:42Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:reprap machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189548Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-13T08:46:18Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: Edited status</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = working<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189547Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:50:27Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189546Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:49:07Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: cad model added</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
|external link = [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189545Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:47:16Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: machines added</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = [https://makesomestuff.org/diymachines/, Cairo DIY Machines]<br />
|cadModel = [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189544Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:45:12Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: reprap machines</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|reprap = Cairo DIY Machines<br />
|cadModel = [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189543Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:44:00Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: contributoras added</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|cadModel = [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|contributors = [Mohamed Gamal, Ibrahim Rafaat]<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189542Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:40:51Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: grab cad link added</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|cadModel = [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Machine STEP file=<br />
<br />
* You also can download the Machine design step file from [https://grabcad.com/library/cairo-mini-3d-printer-1, STEP file on Grabcad ]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
<br />
* The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
<br />
* The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189541Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:38:18Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: some images new</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|cadModel = [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg|Cairo Mini Design<br />
Image:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo_3d_printer.jpg&diff=189540File:Cairo 3d printer.jpg2022-03-12T21:37:20Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo_3d_Printer_Front.jpg&diff=189539File:Cairo 3d Printer Front.jpg2022-03-12T21:36:38Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189538Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:35:15Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: edit images</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|cadModel = [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:File:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:File:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189537Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:33:31Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: edited links</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|cadModel = [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page on [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189536Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:32:21Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: added page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|cadModel = [https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/, Make Some Stuff Website]<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
Image:Cairo_mini_2.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer<br />
<br />
=Source Files & BOM & Assembly Guide=<br />
<br />
* You can find all the machine details on the official project page on <br />
https://makesomestuff.org/cairo-3d-printer/<br />
<br />
=Electronics=<br />
The electronics of the machine is based on Arduino Mega and RAMPS V1.4. of course you can choose a different control system!<br />
<br />
=Mechanics=<br />
The mechanics of the machine is based on the Openbuilds Aluminium profile system. Its rigid and easy to assemble!</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo_mini_2.jpg&diff=189535File:Cairo mini 2.jpg2022-03-12T21:22:06Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189534Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-12T21:18:59Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Development<br />
<!--Header--><br />
|name = Cairo Mini 3d Printer<br />
|status = Production<br />
<!--Image--><br />
|image = Cairo_mini_Main.jpg<br />
<!--General--><br />
|description = We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
|cadModel = []<br />
|license = [[GPL]]<br />
|author = Ahmed Ibrahim<br />
|<br />
|categories = [[Category:3d printer machines]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=Cairo Open Source CNC Machines=<br />
<br />
Is a project started by Ahmed Ibrahim as a move to spread the digital fabrication technology between everyone and anyone. That came from his fascination with how fast and easy these machines can turn ideas and sketches into reality and prototypes with almost no need for a previous tech background. The main goal of this project is to make easy-to-build, fully open-source, truly reproducible CNC machines that anyone can reproduce. Using popular, easy, and available components in the Egyptian market. Not only open-source! but also fully documented. To make it easy for anyone with or without technical knowledge to follow along and make his/her own machine. In this page, you will find an up-to-date parts list, fabrication, design source files, and full assembly guides.<br />
<br />
=Cairo Mini 3d-Printer=<br />
<br />
We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer! It’s a DIY fully Open-source Reproducible 20x20cm 3d-printer. The original goal of the Cairo Mini 3d-printer is to create a low-cost 3d-printer below 220$(3500 LE). That anyone can build with ease.<br />
<br />
* Stop abusing open-source! The machine is truly, fully open-source!<br />
* The machine is doable in any fablab or makerspace.<br />
* Fully documented With BOM, design source files, fabrication files, assembly guide.<br />
<br />
=Pictures=<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg|Cairo Mini 3d-printer</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg&diff=189533File:Cairo mini Main.jpg2022-03-12T20:50:56Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: Ahmedibrahim uploaded a new version of File:Cairo mini Main.jpg</p>
<hr />
<div>We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg&diff=189532File:Cairo mini Main.jpg2022-03-12T20:50:17Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: Ahmedibrahim uploaded a new version of File:Cairo mini Main.jpg</p>
<hr />
<div>We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cairo_mini_Main.jpg&diff=189531File:Cairo mini Main.jpg2022-03-12T20:48:38Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer</p>
<hr />
<div>We are introducing the Cairo Mini 3d-printer</div>Ahmedibrahimhttps://reprap.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cairo_Mini_3d_Printer&diff=189518Cairo Mini 3d Printer2022-03-08T23:19:57Z<p>Ahmedibrahim: Ahmedibrahim moved page Cairo mini 3d printer to Cairo Mini 3d Printer</p>
<hr />
<div>test</div>Ahmedibrahim